Senate Bill 2298

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298

    By Senator Casas





    39-780-99                                               See HB

  1                      A bill to be entitled

  2         An act relating to workers' compensation

  3         insurance; amending s. 440.02, F.S.; excluding

  4         certain injuries from the definition of

  5         "catastrophic injury"; amending s. 440.13,

  6         F.S.; authorizing insurers to pay certain

  7         amounts exceeding fee schedules under certain

  8         circumstances; requiring the Agency for Health

  9         Care Administration to adopt certain rules and

10         to use certain national guidelines; amending s.

11         440.134, F.S.; providing additional

12         definitions; providing for informal and formal

13         grievances; providing procedures; providing

14         requirements; prohibiting the agency from using

15         certain information to determine insurer

16         compliance under certain circumstances;

17         amending s. 440.15, F.S.; revising criteria for

18         eligibility for benefits for permanent total

19         disability; revising criteria for determination

20         of permanent impairment and eligibility for

21         wage-loss benefits; providing for payment of

22         wage-loss benefits; revising criteria for

23         determination of temporary partial disability;

24         providing for supplemental temporary benefits

25         under certain circumstances; providing an

26         effective date.

27

28  Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

29

30         Section 1.  Subsection (37) of section 440.02, Florida

31  Statutes, 1998 Supplement, is amended to read:

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         440.02  Definitions.--When used in this chapter, unless

  2  the context clearly requires otherwise, the following terms

  3  shall have the following meanings:

  4         (37)  "Catastrophic injury" means a permanent

  5  impairment constituted by:

  6         (a)  Spinal cord injury involving severe paralysis of

  7  an arm, a leg, or the trunk;

  8         (b)  Amputation of an arm, a hand, a foot, or a leg

  9  involving the effective loss of use of that appendage;

10         (c)  Severe brain or closed-head injury as evidenced

11  by:

12         1.  Severe sensory or motor disturbances;

13         2.  Severe communication disturbances;

14         3.  Severe complex integrated disturbances of cerebral

15  function;

16         4.  Severe episodic neurological disorders; or

17         5.  Other severe brain and closed-head injury

18  conditions at least as severe in nature as any condition

19  provided in subparagraphs 1.-4.;

20         (d)  Second-degree or third-degree burns of 25 percent

21  or more of the total body surface or third-degree burns of 5

22  percent or more to the face and hands; or

23         (e)  Total or industrial blindness; or

24         (f)  Any other injury that would otherwise qualify

25  under this chapter of a nature and severity that would qualify

26  an employee to receive disability income benefits under Title

27  II or supplemental security income benefits under Title XVI of

28  the federal Social Security Act as the Social Security Act

29  existed on July 1, 1992, without regard to any time

30  limitations provided under that act.

31

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         Section 2.  Paragraph (b) of subsection (14) and

  2  paragraph (a) of subsection (15) of section 440.13, Florida

  3  Statutes, 1998 Supplement, are amended to read:

  4         440.13  Medical services and supplies; penalty for

  5  violations; limitations.--

  6         (14)  PAYMENT OF MEDICAL FEES.--

  7         (b)  Fees charged for remedial treatment, care, and

  8  attendance may not exceed the applicable fee schedules adopted

  9  under this chapter, which shall be the maximum reimbursement

10  allowance under a workers' compensation managed care

11  arrangement.  The applicable fee schedule shall not restrict

12  the right of an insurer, self-insurance fund, individually

13  self-insured employer, or assessable mutual insurer from

14  agreeing to pay any additional compensation to any health care

15  provider as part of a contract in which there is a

16  risk-sharing arrangement between the insurer, self-insurance

17  fund, individually self-insured employer, or assessable mutual

18  insurer and the provider or any other incentives for

19  successful outcomes in returning an injured employee to work.

20         (15)  PRACTICE PARAMETERS.--

21         (a)  The Agency for Health Care Administration, in

22  conjunction with the division and appropriate health

23  professional associations and health-related organizations

24  shall develop and may adopt by rule guidelines, prepared by

25  nationally recognized health care institutions and

26  professional organizations, for scientifically sound practice

27  parameters for medical procedures relevant to workers'

28  compensation claimants. Practice parameters developed under

29  this section must focus on identifying effective remedial

30  treatments and promoting the appropriate utilization of health

31  care resources. Priority must be given to those procedures

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  that involve the greatest utilization of resources either

  2  because they are the most costly or because they are the most

  3  frequently performed. Practice parameters for treatment of the

  4  10 top procedures associated with workers' compensation

  5  injuries including the remedial treatment of lower-back

  6  injuries must be developed by December 31, 2000 1994.

  7         Section 3.  Subsections (1), (2), and (15) of section

  8  440.134, Florida Statutes, 1998 Supplement, are amended, and

  9  subsection (26) is added to that section, to read:

10         440.134  Workers' compensation managed care

11  arrangement.--

12         (1)  As used in this section, the term:

13         (a)  "Agency" means the Agency for Health Care

14  Administration.

15         (b)(h)  "Capitated contract" means a contract in which

16  an insurer pays directly or indirectly a fixed amount to a

17  health care provider in exchange for the future rendering of

18  medical services for covered expenses.

19         (c)(b)  "Complaint" means any dissatisfaction expressed

20  by an injured worker concerning an insurer's workers'

21  compensation managed care arrangement.

22         (d)(c)  "Emergency care" means medical services as

23  defined in chapter 395.

24         (e)(d)  "Formal grievance" means a written expression

25  of dissatisfaction with the medical care, services, or

26  benefits received which is submitted by a provider or an

27  injured employee, or on an employee's behalf by an agent or

28  provider, and addressed through a dispute resolution process

29  provided by an insurer's workers' compensation managed care

30  arrangement health care providers, expressed in writing by an

31  injured worker.

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         (f)  "Informal grievance" means a verbal complaint of

  2  dissatisfaction, expressed by an injured employee or a

  3  provider, with care services or benefits received, and

  4  addressed immediately through telephonic or personal

  5  interaction at the time the complaint is made known.

  6         (g)(e)  "Insurer" means an insurance carrier,

  7  self-insurance fund, assessable mutual insurer, or

  8  individually self-insured employer.

  9         (h)(i)  "Medical care coordinator" means a primary care

10  provider within a provider network who is responsible for

11  managing the medical care of an injured worker including

12  determining other health care providers and health care

13  facilities to which the injured employee will be referred for

14  evaluation or treatment. A medical care coordinator shall be a

15  physician licensed under chapter 458 or an osteopathic

16  physician licensed under chapter 459. The responsibilities for

17  managing the medical care of an injured worker may be

18  performed by a medical case manager.

19         (i)  "Medical case manager" means a qualified

20  rehabilitation provider as defined in s. 440.491 or a

21  registered nurse licensed under chapter 464, either of whom

22  acts under the supervision of a medical care coordinator.

23         (j)(k)  "Primary care provider" means, except in the

24  case of emergency treatment, the initial treating physician

25  and, when appropriate, continuing treating physician, who may

26  be a family practitioner, general practitioner, or internist

27  physician licensed under chapter 458; a family practitioner,

28  general practitioner, or internist osteopathic physician

29  licensed under chapter 459; a chiropractic physician licensed

30  under chapter 460; a podiatric physician licensed under

31

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  chapter 461; an optometrist licensed under chapter 463; or a

  2  dentist licensed under chapter 466.

  3         (k)(j)  "Provider network" means a comprehensive panel

  4  of health care providers and health care facilities who have

  5  contracted directly or indirectly with an insurer to provide

  6  appropriate remedial treatment, care, and attendance to

  7  injured workers in accordance with this chapter.

  8         (l)(f)  "Service area" means the agency-approved

  9  geographic area within which an insurer is authorized to offer

10  a workers' compensation managed care arrangement.

11         (m)(g)  "Workers' compensation managed care

12  arrangement" means an arrangement under which a provider of

13  health care, a health care facility, a group of providers of

14  health care, a group of providers of health care and health

15  care facilities, an insurer that has an exclusive provider

16  organization approved under s. 627.6472 or a health

17  maintenance organization licensed under part I of chapter 641

18  has entered into a written agreement directly or indirectly

19  with an insurer to provide and to manage appropriate remedial

20  treatment, care, and attendance to injured workers in

21  accordance with this chapter.

22         (2)(a)  The agency shall, beginning April 1, 1994,

23  authorize an insurer to offer or utilize a workers'

24  compensation managed care arrangement after the insurer files

25  a completed application along with the payment of a $1,000

26  application fee, and upon the agency's being satisfied that

27  the applicant has the ability to provide quality of care

28  consistent with the prevailing professional standards of care

29  and the insurer and its workers' compensation managed care

30  arrangement otherwise meets the requirements of this section.

31  Effective April 1, 1994, no insurer may offer or utilize a

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  managed care arrangement without such authorization. The

  2  authorization, unless sooner suspended or revoked, shall

  3  automatically expire 2 years after the date of issuance unless

  4  renewed by the insurer. The authorization shall be renewed

  5  upon application for renewal and payment of a renewal fee of

  6  $1,000, provided that the insurer is in compliance with the

  7  requirements of this section and any rules adopted hereunder.

  8  An application for renewal of the authorization shall be made

  9  90 days prior to expiration of the authorization, on forms

10  provided by the agency. The renewal application shall not

11  require the resubmission of any documents previously filed

12  with the agency if such documents have remained valid and

13  unchanged since their original filing.

14         (b)  Effective January 1, 1997, the employer shall,

15  subject to the limitations specified elsewhere in this

16  chapter, furnish to the employee solely through managed care

17  arrangements such medically necessary remedial treatment,

18  care, and attendance for such period as the nature of the

19  injury or the process of recovery requires. Notwithstanding

20  such requirement, any employer who self-insures pursuant to s.

21  440.38 may opt out of a mandatory managed care arrangement and

22  the requirements of this section by providing such medically

23  necessary remedial treatment, care, and attendance for such

24  periods as the nature of the injury or process of recovery

25  requires, as provided by s. 440.13.  Nothing in this section

26  shall be construed to prevent an employer who has self-insured

27  pursuant to s. 440.38 from using managed care arrangements to

28  provide treatment to employees of the employer.

29         (c)  The agency shall not adopt any rule that gives a

30  preference or advantage to any organization, including, but

31  not limited to, a preferred provider organization, health

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  maintenance organization, or similar entity, in order to

  2  encourage experimentation and development of the most

  3  effective and cost-efficient means possible for returning an

  4  injured employee to work.

  5         (15)(a)  A workers' compensation managed care

  6  arrangement must have and use formal and informal procedures

  7  for hearing complaints and resolving written grievances from

  8  injured workers and health care providers. The procedures must

  9  be aimed at mutual agreement for settlement and may include

10  arbitration procedures. Procedures provided herein are in

11  addition to other procedures contained in this chapter.

12         (b)  The grievance procedure must be described in

13  writing and provided to the affected workers and health care

14  providers.

15         (c)  At the time the workers' compensation managed care

16  arrangement is implemented, the insurer must provide detailed

17  information to workers and health care providers describing

18  how a grievance may be registered with the insurer.

19         (d)  Grievances must be considered in a timely manner

20  and must be transmitted to appropriate decisionmakers who have

21  the authority to fully investigate the issue and take

22  corrective action.

23         (e)  Informal grievances shall be concluded within 7

24  calendar days after initiation unless the parties and the

25  managed care arrangement mutually agree to an extension.  The

26  7-day period shall commence upon telephone or personal contact

27  initiated by the employee or provider, the agency, or the

28  division.  If the informal grievance remains unresolved, the

29  managed care arrangement shall notify the parties, in writing,

30  of the results and shall advise them of their rights to

31  initiate a formal grievance.  The notification shall include

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  the name, address, and telephone number of the contact person

  2  responsible for initiating the formal grievance.  The managed

  3  care arrangement shall also advise the employee to contact the

  4  Employee Assistance Office for additional information

  5  regarding rights and responsibilities and the dispute

  6  resolution process under the Workers' Compensation Law.  To

  7  prevent undue delays in the dispute resolution process, the

  8  managed care grievance coordinator shall, within 3 business

  9  days after receiving a formal grievance, forward a copy of the

10  grievance to the division's Employee Assistance Office.  A

11  formal grievance shall be concluded within 30 days after

12  receipt by the managed care arrangement unless the employee or

13  provider and the managed care arrangement mutually agree to an

14  extension.  If the grievance involves the collection of

15  information outside the service area, the managed care

16  arrangement shall have 15 calendar days in addition to the

17  30-day period within which to process the grievance.  The

18  managed care arrangement shall notify the employee in writing

19  that additional information is required to complete review of

20  the grievance and that a maximum of 45 days will be allowed

21  for such review.  Within 5 business days after conclusion of

22  the review, the managed care arrangement shall notify the

23  parties of the results of the review.  The managed care

24  arrangement shall provide written notice to its employees and

25  providers of the right to file a petition for benefits with

26  the Division of Workers' Compensation of the Department of

27  Labor and Employment Security upon completion of the formal

28  grievance procedure.  The managed care arrangement shall

29  furnish a copy of the final decision letter from the managed

30  care arrangement regarding the grievance to the division upon

31  request.

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         (f)(e)  If a grievance is found to be valid, corrective

  2  action must be taken promptly.

  3         (g)(f)  All concerned parties must be notified of the

  4  results of a grievance.

  5         (h)(g)  The insurer must report annually, no later than

  6  March 31, to the agency regarding its grievance procedure

  7  activities for the prior calendar year. The report must be in

  8  a format prescribed by the agency and must contain the number

  9  of grievances filed in the past year and a summary of the

10  subject, nature, and resolution of such grievances.

11         (26)  Injuries that require medical treatment for which

12  charges will be incurred whether or not such injuries are

13  reported to the carrier, but which do not disable the employee

14  for more than 7 days, shall not be used by the agency in

15  determining insurer compliance with this section.

16         Section 4.  Paragraphs (a), (b), and (f) of subsection

17  (1) and subsections (3) and (4) of section 440.15, Florida

18  Statutes, 1998 Supplement, are amended, and subsection (16) is

19  added to that section, to read:

20         440.15  Compensation for disability.--Compensation for

21  disability shall be paid to the employee, subject to the

22  limits provided in s. 440.12(2), as follows:

23         (1)  PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY.--

24         (a)  In case of total disability adjudged to be

25  permanent, 66 2/3 percent of the average weekly wages shall be

26  paid to the employee during the continuance of such total

27  disability. Entitlement to benefits from permanent total

28  disability shall cease upon the employee reaching age 70.

29         (b)  Only a catastrophic injury as defined in s. 440.02

30  shall, In the absence of conclusive proof of a substantial

31  earning capacity, only a catastrophic injury as defined in s.

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  440.02(37) shall be presumed to constitute permanent total

  2  disability.  In any case involving catastrophic injury, no

  3  compensation shall be payable under paragraph (a) if the

  4  employee is engaged in, or is physically capable of engaging

  5  in, any gainful employment, including sheltered employment.

  6  The burden shall be on the employee to establish that the

  7  employee is not able to perform, due to physical limitations,

  8  at least part-time sedentary work available within a 100-mile

  9  radius of the employee's residence. Only claimants with

10  catastrophic injuries are eligible for permanent total

11  benefits. In no other case may permanent total disability be

12  awarded.

13         (f)1.  If permanent total disability results from

14  injuries that occurred subsequent to June 30, 1955, and for

15  which the liability of the employer for compensation has not

16  been discharged under s. 440.20(12), the injured employee

17  shall receive additional weekly compensation benefits equal to

18  5 percent of her or his weekly compensation rate, as

19  established pursuant to the law in effect on the date of her

20  or his injury, multiplied by the number of calendar years

21  since the date of injury. The weekly compensation payable and

22  the additional benefits payable under this paragraph, when

23  combined, may not exceed the maximum weekly compensation rate

24  in effect at the time of payment as determined pursuant to s.

25  440.12(2). Entitlement to these supplemental payments shall

26  cease at age 62 if the employee is eligible for social

27  security benefits under 42 U.S.C. s. ss. 402 or and 423,

28  whether or not the employee has applied for such benefits.

29  These supplemental benefits shall be paid by the division out

30  of the Workers' Compensation Administration Trust Fund when

31  the injury occurred subsequent to June 30, 1955, and before

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  July 1, 1984. These supplemental benefits shall be paid by the

  2  employer when the injury occurred on or after July 1, 1984.

  3  Supplemental benefits are not payable for any period prior to

  4  October 1, 1974.

  5         2.a.  The division shall provide by rule for the

  6  periodic reporting to the division of all earnings of any

  7  nature and social security income by the injured employee

  8  entitled to or claiming additional compensation under

  9  subparagraph 1. Neither the division nor the employer or

10  carrier shall make any payment of those additional benefits

11  provided by subparagraph 1. for any period during which the

12  employee willfully fails or refuses to report upon request by

13  the division in the manner prescribed by such rules.

14         b.  The division shall provide by rule for the periodic

15  reporting to the employer or carrier of all earnings of any

16  nature and social security income by the injured employee

17  entitled to or claiming benefits for permanent total

18  disability. The employer or carrier is not required to make

19  any payment of benefits for permanent total disability for any

20  period during which the employee willfully fails or refuses to

21  report upon request by the employer or carrier in the manner

22  prescribed by such rules or if any employee who is receiving

23  permanent total disability benefits refuses to apply for or

24  cooperate with the employer or carrier in applying for social

25  security benefits.

26         3.  When an injured employee receives a full or partial

27  lump-sum advance of the employee's permanent total disability

28  compensation benefits, the employee's benefits under this

29  paragraph shall be computed on the employee's weekly

30  compensation rate as reduced by the lump-sum advance.

31         (3)  PERMANENT IMPAIRMENT AND WAGE-LOSS BENEFITS.--

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         (a)  Impairment benefits.--

  2         1.  Once the employee has reached the date of maximum

  3  medical improvement from all compensable injuries, impairment

  4  benefits are due and payable within 20 days after the carrier

  5  has knowledge of the impairment.

  6         2.  The three-member panel, in cooperation with the

  7  division, shall establish and use a uniform permanent

  8  impairment rating schedule. This schedule must be based on

  9  medically or scientifically demonstrable findings as well as

10  the systems and criteria set forth in the American Medical

11  Association's Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent

12  Impairment; the Snellen Charts, published by American Medical

13  Association Committee for Eye Injuries; and the Minnesota

14  Department of Labor and Industry Disability Schedules. The

15  schedule should be based upon objective findings. The schedule

16  shall be more comprehensive than the AMA Guides to the

17  Evaluation of Permanent Impairment and shall expand the areas

18  already addressed and address additional areas not currently

19  contained in the guides. On August 1, 1979, and pending the

20  adoption, by rule, of a permanent schedule, Guides to the

21  Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, copyright 1977, 1971,

22  1988, by the American Medical Association, shall be the

23  temporary schedule and shall be used for the purposes hereof.

24  For injuries after July 1, 1990, pending the adoption by

25  division rule of a uniform disability rating schedule, the

26  Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry Disability Schedule

27  shall be used unless that schedule does not address an injury.

28  In such case, the Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent

29  Impairment by the American Medical Association shall be used.

30  Determination of permanent impairment under this schedule must

31  be made by a physician licensed under chapter 458, a doctor of

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  osteopathic medicine licensed under chapters 458 and 459, a

  2  chiropractic physician licensed under chapter 460, a podiatric

  3  physician licensed under chapter 461, an optometrist licensed

  4  under chapter 463, or a dentist licensed under chapter 466, as

  5  appropriate considering the nature of the injury. No other

  6  persons are authorized to render opinions regarding the

  7  existence of or the extent of permanent impairment.

  8         3.  All impairment income benefits shall be based on an

  9  impairment rating using the impairment schedule referred to in

10  subparagraph 2. Impairment income benefits are paid weekly at

11  the rate of 66 2/3  50 percent of the employee's average

12  weekly wage temporary total disability benefit not to exceed

13  the maximum weekly benefit under s. 440.12. An employee's

14  entitlement to impairment income benefits begins the day after

15  the employee reaches maximum medical improvement or the

16  expiration of temporary benefits, whichever occurs earlier,

17  and continues until the earlier of:

18         a.  The expiration of a period computed at the rate of

19  3 weeks for each percentage point of impairment; or

20         b.  The death of the employee.

21         4.  After the employee has been certified by a doctor

22  as having reached maximum medical improvement or 6 weeks

23  before the expiration of temporary benefits, whichever occurs

24  earlier, the certifying doctor shall evaluate the condition of

25  the employee and assign an impairment rating, using the

26  impairment schedule referred to in subparagraph 2.

27  Compensation is not payable for the mental, psychological, or

28  emotional injury arising out of depression from being out of

29  work. If the certification and evaluation are performed by a

30  doctor other than the employee's treating doctor, the

31  certification and evaluation must be submitted to the treating

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  doctor, and the treating doctor must indicate agreement or

  2  disagreement with the certification and evaluation. The

  3  certifying doctor shall issue a written report to the

  4  division, the employee, and the carrier certifying that

  5  maximum medical improvement has been reached, stating the

  6  impairment rating, and providing any other information

  7  required by the division. If the employee has not been

  8  certified as having reached maximum medical improvement before

  9  the expiration of 102 weeks after the date temporary total

10  disability benefits begin to accrue, the carrier shall notify

11  the treating doctor of the requirements of this section.

12         5.  The carrier shall pay the employee impairment

13  income benefits for a period based on the impairment rating.

14         6.  The division may by rule specify forms and

15  procedures governing the method of payment of wage loss and

16  impairment benefits for dates of accidents before January 1,

17  1994, and for dates of accidents on or after January 1, 1994.

18         (b)  Wage-loss Supplemental benefits.--

19         1.  All wage-loss supplemental benefits must be paid in

20  accordance with this subsection. An employee is entitled to

21  wage-loss supplemental benefits as provided in this paragraph

22  as of the expiration of the impairment period, if:

23         a.  The employee has an impairment rating from the

24  compensable injury of 5 20 percent or more as determined

25  pursuant to this chapter;

26         b.  The employee has not returned to work or has

27  returned to work earning less than 80 percent of the

28  employee's average weekly wage as a direct result of the

29  employee's impairment; and

30         c.  The employee has in good faith attempted to obtain

31  employment commensurate with the employee's ability to work

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  and has not refused any employment during the wage-loss

  2  period.

  3         d.  An employee shall not be entitled to any wage-loss

  4  benefits if, during the impairment benefit period, the

  5  employee has refused any employment.

  6         2.  In addition to payment of impairment benefits, each

  7  injured worker who suffers a permanent impairment of 5 percent

  8  or more, which permanent impairment is determined pursuant to

  9  this chapter, is not based solely on subjective complaints,

10  and results in one or more work-related physical restrictions

11  that are directly attributable to the injury, may be entitled

12  to wage-loss benefits under this paragraph provided that such

13  permanent impairment results in a work-related physical

14  restriction that affects such employee's ability to perform

15  the activities of the employee's usual or other appropriate

16  employment. Such benefits shall be based on actual wage loss

17  and shall not be subject to the minimum compensation rate set

18  forth in s. 440.12(2). Subject to the maximum compensation

19  rate as set forth in s. 440.12(2), such wage-loss benefits

20  shall be equal to 80 percent of the difference between 80

21  percent of the employee's average weekly wage and the salary,

22  wages, and other remuneration the employee is able to earn

23  after reaching maximum medical improvement, as compared

24  weekly; however, the weekly wage-loss benefits may not exceed

25  an amount equal to 66 2/3 percent of the employee's average

26  weekly wage at the time of injury. In order to simplify the

27  comparison of the preinjury average weekly wage with the

28  salary, wages, and other remuneration the employee is able to

29  earn after reaching maximum medical improvement, the division

30  may by rule provide for the modification of the weekly

31  comparison so as to coincide as closely as possible with the

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  injured worker's pay periods. In determining the amount the

  2  employee is able to earn in any month after an injury,

  3  commissions and similar irregular payments shall be allocated

  4  first to the week in which they are received, in an amount

  5  that when added to other earnings for such week does not

  6  exceed the employee's average weekly wage, and the balance

  7  shall be allocated in the same manner to the subsequent weeks

  8  until fully allocated, but not exceeding 52 weeks from the

  9  week that the commission or a similar irregular payment was

10  received. If an employee is not entitled to supplemental

11  benefits at the time of payment of the final weekly impairment

12  income benefit because the employee is earning at least 80

13  percent of the employee's average weekly wage, the employee

14  may become entitled to supplemental benefits at any time

15  within 1 year after the impairment income benefit period ends

16  if:

17         a.  The employee earns wages that are less than 80

18  percent of the employee's average weekly wage for a period of

19  at least 90 days;

20         b.  The employee meets the other requirements of

21  subparagraph 1.; and

22         c.  The employee's decrease in earnings is a direct

23  result of the employee's impairment from the compensable

24  injury.

25         3.  The amount determined to be the salary, wages, and

26  other remuneration the employee is able to earn after reaching

27  the date of maximum medical improvement shall in no case be

28  less than the sum actually being earned by the employee,

29  including earnings from sheltered employment. Wage-loss forms

30  and job search reports shall be mailed to the employer,

31  carrier, or servicing agent within 14 days after the time

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  benefits are due. Failure by an employee to timely request

  2  benefits and file the appropriate job search forms showing

  3  that the employee made a good faith job search after the

  4  employee has knowledge that a job search is required, whether

  5  the employee has been advised by the employer, carrier,

  6  servicing agent, or the employee's attorney, shall result in

  7  benefits not being payable during the time the employee fails

  8  to timely file a request for wage loss and the job search

  9  reports. During the wage-loss period, if the employee is

10  offered a bona fide position of employment the employee is

11  capable of performing, given the physical condition of the

12  employee and the geographic accessibility of the position, the

13  employee's weekly wages are considered equivalent to the

14  weekly wages for the position offered to the employee. If an

15  employee does not obtain and maintain employment, the employer

16  may show that the salary, wages, and other remuneration the

17  employee is able to earn is greater than zero by providing

18  data concerning actual job openings within a reasonable

19  geographical area which the employee is physically and

20  vocationally capable of performing, in which case the amount

21  the employee is able to earn may be deemed to be the amount

22  the employee could earn in such jobs. If an employee earns

23  wages that are at least 80 percent of the employee's average

24  weekly wage for a period of at least 90 days during which the

25  employee is receiving supplemental benefits, the employee

26  ceases to be entitled to supplemental benefits for the filing

27  period. Supplemental benefits that have been terminated shall

28  be reinstated when the employee satisfies the conditions

29  enumerated in subparagraph 2. and files the statement required

30  under subparagraph 5. Notwithstanding any other provision, if

31  an employee is not entitled to supplemental benefits for 12

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  consecutive months, the employee ceases to be entitled to any

  2  additional income benefits for the compensable injury. If the

  3  employee is discharged within 12 months after losing

  4  entitlement under this subsection, benefits may be reinstated

  5  if the employee was discharged at that time with the intent to

  6  deprive the employee of supplemental benefits.

  7         4.  An injured worker requesting wage-loss benefits for

  8  any period during which such injured worker was unemployed

  9  shall have a duty to make reasonable and good-faith efforts to

10  obtain suitable gainful employment on a consistent basis. The

11  term "suitable gainful employment" means employment that is

12  reasonably attainable considering the individual's age,

13  education, personal aptitudes, previous vocational experience,

14  and physical abilities. For any such period, the employer may

15  require the injured worker's request for wage-loss benefits to

16  include verification of the injured worker's efforts to obtain

17  suitable gainful employment, which verification shall be made

18  on forms prescribed by the division. In determining whether

19  the injured worker has made reasonable and good-faith efforts

20  to obtain suitable gainful employment, a judge of compensation

21  claims shall consider the availability of suitable employment

22  in the area of the injured worker's residence, the injured

23  worker's access to transportation, and the effect of the

24  injured worker's physical and mental impairments upon the

25  injured worker's ability to conduct job search activities.

26  Unless otherwise provided under this section, an injured

27  worker requesting wage-loss benefits for any period during

28  which he or she has been unemployed is not entitled to such

29  benefits if he or she has failed or refused to make reasonable

30  and good-faith efforts to obtain suitable gainful employment

31  during such period. During the period that impairment income

                                  19

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  benefits or supplemental income benefits are being paid, the

  2  carrier has the affirmative duty to determine at least

  3  annually whether any extended unemployment or underemployment

  4  is a direct result of the employee's impairment. To accomplish

  5  this purpose, the division may require periodic reports from

  6  the employee and the carrier, and it may, at the carrier's

  7  expense, require any physical or other examinations,

  8  vocational assessments, or other tests or diagnoses necessary

  9  to verify that the carrier is performing its duty. Not more

10  than once in each 12 calendar months, the employee and the

11  carrier may each request that the division review the status

12  of the employee and determine whether the carrier has

13  performed its duty with respect to whether the employee's

14  unemployment or underemployment is a direct result of

15  impairment from the compensable injury.

16         5.a.  The right to wage-loss benefits shall terminate

17  as of the end of any 1-year period commencing at any time

18  subsequent to the month when the injured employee reaches the

19  date of maximum medical improvement, unless during such 1-year

20  period wage-loss benefits have been payable during at least 3

21  consecutive months. This limitation period shall not be tolled

22  or extended by the incarceration of the employee or by virtue

23  of the employee becoming an inmate of a penal institution.

24         b.  For injuries occurring after June 30, 1999, an

25  employee shall be eligible for 4 weeks of wage-loss benefits

26  for each percentage point of permanent impairment. After the

27  initial determination of supplemental benefits, the employee

28  must file a statement with the carrier stating that the

29  employee has earned less than 80 percent of the employee's

30  average weekly wage as a direct result of the employee's

31  impairment, stating the amount of wages the employee earned in

                                  20

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  the filing period, and stating that the employee has in good

  2  faith sought employment commensurate with the employee's

  3  ability to work. The statement must be filed quarterly on a

  4  form and in the manner prescribed by the division. The

  5  division may modify the filing period as appropriate to an

  6  individual case. Failure to file a statement relieves the

  7  carrier of liability for supplemental benefits for the period

  8  during which a statement is not filed.

  9         6.  If an injured employee claims wage-loss benefits

10  and is not entitled to the wage loss claimed in whole or in

11  part due to application of the deemed earnings provisions of

12  subparagraph 3., the employee shall be presumed to be

13  employable in the open labor market and not permanently and

14  totally disabled. Additionally, an injured employee who

15  refuses employment that is found to be appropriate in light of

16  any physical limitation for the work-related injury shall be

17  presumed not to have suffered an injury producing a permanent

18  total disability. An employee who does return to work and is

19  entitled to wage-loss benefits shall likewise be presumed to

20  be employable in the open labor market and not permanently and

21  totally disabled. There shall be no presumption relative to

22  employability or permanent total disability for an injured

23  employee who receives full wage-loss entitlement under this

24  paragraph. The carrier shall begin payment of supplemental

25  benefits not later than the seventh day after the expiration

26  date of the impairment income benefit period and shall

27  continue to timely pay those benefits. The carrier may request

28  a mediation conference for the purpose of contesting the

29  employee's entitlement to or the amount of supplemental income

30  benefits.

31

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         7.  If an injured employee is either adjudicated or

  2  accepted as permanently totally disabled, all impairment

  3  benefits or wage-loss benefits paid shall be a credit against

  4  any entitlement to permanent total disability. Supplemental

  5  benefits are calculated quarterly and paid monthly. For

  6  purposes of calculating supplemental benefits, 80 percent of

  7  the employee's average weekly wage and the average wages the

  8  employee has earned per week are compared quarterly. For

  9  purposes of this paragraph, if the employee is offered a bona

10  fide position of employment that the employee is capable of

11  performing, given the physical condition of the employee and

12  the geographic accessibility of the position, the employee's

13  weekly wages are considered equivalent to the weekly wages for

14  the position offered to the employee.

15         8.  Supplemental benefits are payable at the rate of 80

16  percent of the difference between 80 percent of the employee's

17  average weekly wage determined pursuant to s. 440.14 and the

18  weekly wages the employee has earned during the reporting

19  period, not to exceed the maximum weekly income benefit under

20  s. 440.12.

21         9.  The division may by rule define terms that are

22  necessary for the administration of this section and forms and

23  procedures governing the method of payment of supplemental

24  benefits for dates of accidents before January 1, 1994, and

25  for dates of accidents on or after January 1, 1994.

26         (c)  Duration of temporary impairment and wage-loss

27  supplemental income benefits.--The employee's eligibility for

28  temporary benefits, impairment income benefits, and wage-loss

29  supplemental benefits terminates on the expiration of 401

30  weeks after the date of injury.

31         (4)  TEMPORARY PARTIAL DISABILITY.--

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         (a)  In case of temporary partial disability,

  2  compensation shall be equal to 80 percent of the difference

  3  between 80 percent of the employee's average weekly wage and

  4  the salary, wages, and other remuneration the employee is able

  5  to earn, as compared weekly; however, the weekly benefits may

  6  not exceed an amount equal to 66 2/3 percent of the employee's

  7  average weekly wage at the time of injury. In order to

  8  simplify the comparison of the preinjury average weekly wage

  9  with the salary, wages, and other remuneration the employee is

10  able to earn, the division may by rule provide for the

11  modification of the weekly comparison so as to coincide as

12  closely as possible with the injured worker's pay periods. The

13  amount determined to be the salary, wages, and other

14  remuneration the employee is able to earn shall in no case be

15  less than the sum actually being earned by the employee,

16  including earnings from sheltered employment. During any

17  denial of temporary partial disability, if the employee is

18  offered a bona fide position of employment which the employee

19  is capable of performing, given the physical condition of the

20  employee and the geographic accessibility of the position, the

21  employee's weekly wages are considered equivalent to the

22  weekly wages for the position offered to the employee. If an

23  employee does not obtain and maintain employment, the employer

24  may show that the salary, wages, or other remuneration the

25  employee is able to earn is greater than zero by providing

26  evidence of actual job openings within a reasonable

27  geographical area which the employee is physically and

28  vocationally capable of performing, in which case the amount

29  the employee is able to earn may be deemed to be the amount

30  the employee could earn in such jobs.

31

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1         (b)  At no time shall an injured employee be entitled

  2  to more than 104 weeks of temporary benefits whether they are

  3  temporary total, temporary partial, or a combination of both.

  4  Such benefits shall be paid during the continuance of such

  5  disability, not to exceed a period of 104 weeks, as provided

  6  by this subsection and subsection (2). Once the injured

  7  employee reaches the maximum number of weeks, temporary

  8  disability benefits cease and the injured worker's permanent

  9  impairment must be determined. The division may by rule

10  specify forms and procedures governing the method of payment

11  of temporary disability benefits for dates of accidents before

12  January 1, 1994, and for dates of accidents on or after

13  January 1, 1994.

14         (16)  SUPPLEMENTAL TEMPORARY BENEFITS.--

15         (a)  An injured employee may be entitled to

16  supplemental temporary benefits for a period up to 26 weeks if

17  surgical intervention for a compensable injury is medically

18  necessary. Supplemental temporary benefits shall only be

19  payable for periods for which it is medically demonstrated

20  that the injured employee is suffering from a temporary total

21  disability or temporary partial disability as a result of the

22  surgical intervention. Such benefits shall be calculated in

23  accordance with subsections (2) and (4).

24         (b)  An injured employee shall at no time be entitled

25  to more than 130 weeks of supplemental temporary benefits by

26  operation of this subsection in combination with benefits

27  provided under subsections (2) and (4).

28         (c)  In the absence of entitlement to benefits under

29  this subsection prior to the expiration of the 104-week

30  maximum for temporary benefits, the claimant shall still be

31  assigned a permanent impairment rating in accordance with

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    Florida Senate - 1999                                  SB 2298
    39-780-99                                               See HB




  1  subparagraph (3)(a)4., and impairment benefits shall commence.

  2  If benefits under this subsection become due, the payment of

  3  impairment benefits shall cease until such time as

  4  supplemental temporary benefits payable under this subsection

  5  are no longer due. In such case, payment of impairment

  6  benefits will be reinstated for the remaining portion of the

  7  impairment benefits owed without reclassification of

  8  impairment benefits previously paid to another classification

  9  of benefits, continuing until expiration of the period of

10  entitlement to impairment benefits.

11         Section 5.  This act shall take effect October 1, 1999.

12

13            *****************************************

14                       LEGISLATIVE SUMMARY

15
      Revises various provisions of workers' compensation
16    insurance, including modifying the definition of
      catastrophic injury. Allows insurers to exceed fee
17    schedule amounts. Provides for informal and formal
      grievances. Prohibits the Agency for Health Care
18    Administration from prohibiting insurers from using
      alternative managed care arrangements. Allows
19    self-insureds to opt out of mandatory managed care
      arrangements.  Revises compensation for disability
20    provisions relating to permanent total disability,
      permanent impairment and wage-loss benefits, and
21    temporary partial disability, and provides for
      supplemental temporary benefits. (See bill for details.)
22

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