Senate Bill sb0812

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    Florida Senate - 2001                                   SB 812

    By Senator Crist





    13-711-01

  1                      A bill to be entitled

  2         An act relating to capital sentencing

  3         proceedings; amending s. 921.141, F.S.;

  4         providing that the defendant may not waive a

  5         sentencing proceeding conducted before a jury

  6         in a capital case unless the state concurs in

  7         the waiver; providing additional aggravating

  8         circumstances that may be considered by a jury

  9         in determining whether to recommend that the

10         defendant be sentenced to life imprisonment or

11         sentenced to death; providing an effective

12         date.

13

14  Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

15

16         Section 1.  Section 921.141, Florida Statutes, is

17  amended to read:

18         921.141  Sentence of death or life imprisonment for

19  capital felonies; further proceedings to determine sentence.--

20         (1)  SEPARATE PROCEEDINGS ON ISSUE OF PENALTY.--Upon

21  conviction or adjudication of guilt of a defendant of a

22  capital felony, the court shall conduct a separate sentencing

23  proceeding to determine whether the defendant should be

24  sentenced to death or life imprisonment as authorized by s.

25  775.082. The proceeding shall be conducted by the trial judge

26  before the trial jury as soon as practicable.  If, through

27  impossibility or inability, the trial jury is unable to

28  reconvene for a hearing on the issue of penalty, having

29  determined the guilt of the accused, the trial judge may

30  summon a special juror or jurors as provided in chapter 913 to

31  determine the issue of the imposition of the penalty.  If the

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    Florida Senate - 2001                                   SB 812
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  1  trial jury has been waived, or if the defendant pleaded

  2  guilty, the sentencing proceeding shall be conducted before a

  3  jury impaneled for that purpose, unless waived by the

  4  defendant with the concurrence of the state. In the

  5  proceeding, evidence may be presented as to any matter that

  6  the court deems relevant to the nature of the crime and the

  7  character of the defendant and shall include matters relating

  8  to any of the aggravating or mitigating circumstances

  9  enumerated in subsections (5) and (6). Any such evidence which

10  the court deems to have probative value may be received,

11  regardless of its admissibility under the exclusionary rules

12  of evidence, provided the defendant is accorded a fair

13  opportunity to rebut any hearsay statements. However, this

14  subsection shall not be construed to authorize the

15  introduction of any evidence secured in violation of the

16  Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of the

17  State of Florida.  The state and the defendant or the

18  defendant's counsel shall be permitted to present argument for

19  or against sentence of death. The defendant may not waive a

20  sentencing proceeding conducted before a jury without the

21  concurrence of the state.

22         (2)  ADVISORY SENTENCE BY THE JURY.--After hearing all

23  the evidence, the jury shall deliberate and render an advisory

24  sentence to the court, based upon the following matters:

25         (a)  Whether sufficient aggravating circumstances exist

26  as enumerated in subsection (5);

27         (b)  Whether sufficient mitigating circumstances exist

28  which outweigh the aggravating circumstances found to exist;

29  and

30         (c)  Based on these considerations, whether the

31  defendant should be sentenced to life imprisonment or death.

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  1         (3)  FINDINGS IN SUPPORT OF SENTENCE OF

  2  DEATH.--Notwithstanding the recommendation of a majority of

  3  the jury, the court, after weighing the aggravating and

  4  mitigating circumstances, shall enter a sentence of life

  5  imprisonment or death, but if the court imposes a sentence of

  6  death, it shall set forth in writing its findings upon which

  7  the sentence of death is based as to the facts:

  8         (a)  That sufficient aggravating circumstances exist as

  9  enumerated in subsection (5), and

10         (b)  That there are insufficient mitigating

11  circumstances to outweigh the aggravating circumstances.

12

13  In each case in which the court imposes the death sentence,

14  the determination of the court shall be supported by specific

15  written findings of fact based upon the circumstances in

16  subsections (5) and (6) and upon the records of the trial and

17  the sentencing proceedings. If the court does not make the

18  findings requiring the death sentence within 30 days after the

19  rendition of the judgment and sentence, the court shall impose

20  sentence of life imprisonment in accordance with s. 775.082.

21         (4)  REVIEW OF JUDGMENT AND SENTENCE.--The judgment of

22  conviction and sentence of death shall be subject to automatic

23  review by the Supreme Court of Florida and disposition

24  rendered within 2 years after the filing of a notice of

25  appeal.  Such review by the Supreme Court shall have priority

26  over all other cases and shall be heard in accordance with

27  rules promulgated by the Supreme Court.

28         (5)  AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES.--Aggravating

29  circumstances shall be limited to the following:

30         (a)  The capital felony was committed by a person

31  previously convicted of a felony and under sentence of

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  1  imprisonment or placed on community control or on felony

  2  probation.

  3         (b)  The defendant was previously convicted of another

  4  capital felony or of a felony involving the use or threat of

  5  violence to the person.

  6         (c)  The defendant knowingly created a great risk of

  7  death to many persons.

  8         (d)  The capital felony was committed while the

  9  defendant was engaged, or was an accomplice, in the commission

10  of, or an attempt to commit, or flight after committing or

11  attempting to commit, any: robbery; sexual battery; aggravated

12  child abuse; abuse of an elderly person or disabled adult

13  resulting in great bodily harm, permanent disability, or

14  permanent disfigurement; arson; burglary; kidnapping; aircraft

15  piracy; or unlawful throwing, placing, or discharging of a

16  destructive device or bomb.

17         (e)  The capital felony was committed for the purpose

18  of avoiding or preventing a lawful arrest or effecting an

19  escape from custody.

20         (f)  The capital felony was committed for pecuniary

21  gain.

22         (g)  The capital felony was committed to disrupt or

23  hinder the lawful exercise of any governmental function or the

24  enforcement of laws.

25         (h)  The capital felony was especially heinous,

26  atrocious, or cruel.

27         (i)  The capital felony was a homicide and was

28  committed in a cold, calculated, and premeditated manner

29  without any pretense of moral or legal justification.

30

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  1         (j)  During the course of committing the capital

  2  felony, the defendant inflicted multiple physical injuries

  3  upon the victim.

  4         (k)  During the course of or after committing the

  5  capital felony, the defendant mutilated or dismembered the

  6  victim's dead body or sexually or grossly abused the victim's

  7  dead body.

  8         (l)(j)  The victim of the capital felony was a law

  9  enforcement officer engaged in the performance of his or her

10  official duties.

11         (m)(k)  The victim of the capital felony was an elected

12  or appointed public official engaged in the performance of his

13  or her official duties if the motive for the capital felony

14  was related, in whole or in part, to the victim's official

15  capacity.

16         (n)(l)  The victim of the capital felony was a person

17  less than 12 years of age.

18         (o)(m)  The victim of the capital felony was

19  particularly vulnerable due to advanced age or disability, or

20  because the defendant stood in a position of familial or

21  custodial authority over the victim.

22         (p)  The victim had an injunction for protection

23  against domestic violence or for protection against repeat

24  violence in effect against the defendant when the capital

25  felony was committed.

26         (q)  The victim was aware of the impending homicide and

27  asked that his or her life be spared or otherwise requested

28  that the homicide not occur.

29         (r)(n)  The capital felony was committed by a criminal

30  street gang member, as defined in s. 874.03.

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  1         (6)  MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES.--Mitigating

  2  circumstances shall be the following:

  3         (a)  The defendant has no significant history of prior

  4  criminal activity.

  5         (b)  The capital felony was committed while the

  6  defendant was under the influence of extreme mental or

  7  emotional disturbance.

  8         (c)  The victim was a participant in the defendant's

  9  conduct or consented to the act.

10         (d)  The defendant was an accomplice in the capital

11  felony committed by another person and his or her

12  participation was relatively minor.

13         (e)  The defendant acted under extreme duress or under

14  the substantial domination of another person.

15         (f)  The capacity of the defendant to appreciate the

16  criminality of his or her conduct or to conform his or her

17  conduct to the requirements of law was substantially impaired.

18         (g)  The age of the defendant at the time of the crime.

19         (h)  The existence of any other factors in the

20  defendant's background that would mitigate against imposition

21  of the death penalty.

22         (7)  VICTIM IMPACT EVIDENCE.--Once the prosecution has

23  provided evidence of the existence of one or more aggravating

24  circumstances as described in subsection (5), the prosecution

25  may introduce, and subsequently argue, victim impact evidence.

26  Such evidence shall be designed to demonstrate the victim's

27  uniqueness as an individual human being and the resultant loss

28  to the community's members by the victim's death.

29  Characterizations and opinions about the crime, the defendant,

30  and the appropriate sentence shall not be permitted as a part

31  of victim impact evidence.

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    Florida Senate - 2001                                   SB 812
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  1         (8)  APPLICABILITY.--This section does not apply to a

  2  person convicted or adjudicated guilty of a capital drug

  3  trafficking felony under s. 893.135.

  4         Section 2.  This act shall take effect July 1, 2001.

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  6            *****************************************

  7                          SENATE SUMMARY

  8    Prohibits a defendant in a capital case from waiving a
      sentencing proceeding conducted before a jury unless the
  9    state concurs in the waiver. Provides that a jury may
      consider as an aggravating circumstance in a capital case
10    any physical injuries, dismemberment, or sexual or gross
      abuse inflicted on the victim by the defendant; an
11    injunction for protection in effect against the
      defendant; or a request by the victim that the defendant
12    not commit the homicide.

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