House Bill hb0515

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    Florida House of Representatives - 2002                 HB 515

        By Representative Mayfield






  1                      A bill to be entitled

  2         An act relating to liens on commercial real

  3         estate by brokers and appraisers; creating

  4         chapter 714, F.S., the "Broker's and

  5         Appraiser's Lien on Commercial Real Estate

  6         Act"; providing applicability; providing

  7         definitions; specifying conditions under which

  8         a commission is earned and payable; providing

  9         address requirements for required notices to

10         brokers; specifying conditions under which a

11         broker is entitled to a lien on commercial real

12         estate and requiring disclosure of such right

13         in the commission agreement; providing

14         requirements relating to waiver, release, or

15         discharge of a lien and assumption of an

16         obligation for a commission; providing for

17         affidavit identifying brokers due a commission;

18         providing for filing of notice of lien;

19         providing for contents of notice of lien;

20         providing for service of notice of lien;

21         providing for date of inception of lien;

22         providing for priority of liens; providing

23         applicability to mixed-use real estate;

24         providing for change in use of real estate;

25         providing time limits to file a notice of lien;

26         providing for suit to foreclose lien; providing

27         a statute of limitations on suits to foreclose

28         a lien; providing for assessment of costs,

29         fees, and interest in suits to foreclose a

30         lien; providing for release of lien; providing

31         for escrow accounts; providing for named escrow

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  1         agent; providing for costs of interpleader

  2         actions; providing conditions under which a

  3         party may not refuse to close a transaction;

  4         providing the term of an escrow account;

  5         providing for extinguishment of a lien on

  6         commercial real estate and transfer of the lien

  7         to the proceeds of the escrow account upon

  8         establishment thereof; providing for the filing

  9         of a bond to indemnify against a lien;

10         providing bond requirements; providing for

11         notice of bond; providing for recording of bond

12         and notice; providing for action on bond;

13         providing owner's or tenant's remedies;

14         providing broker's remedies; amending s.

15         475.42, F.S.; providing that brokers may place

16         liens on property as provided by law; providing

17         an effective date.

18

19  Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

20

21         Section 1.  Chapter 714, Florida Statutes, consisting

22  of sections 714.001, 714.003, 714.005, 714.007, 714.009,

23  714.011, 714.013, 714.015, 714.017, 714.019, 714.021, 714.023,

24  714.025, 714.027, 714.029, 714.031, 714.033, 714.035, 714.037,

25  714.039, 714.041, 714.043, 714.045, 714.047, 714.049, 714.051,

26  714.053, 714.055, 714.057, 714.059, 714.061, 714.063, and

27  714.065, is created to read:

28         714.001  Short title.--This chapter may be cited as the

29  "Broker's and Appraiser's Lien on Commercial Real Estate Act."

30         714.003  Applicability.--

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  1         (1)  This chapter applies only to real estate that is

  2  commercial real estate on the date the notice of lien is filed

  3  under this chapter.

  4         (2)  This chapter does not apply to:

  5         (a)  A transaction involving a claim for a commission

  6  of $2,500 or less in the aggregate; or

  7         (b)  A transaction for the sale of commercial real

  8  estate involving a claim for a commission of $5,000 or less in

  9  the aggregate if the commercial real estate:

10         1.  Is the principal place of business of the record

11  title owner;

12         2.  Is occupied by more than one and fewer than five

13  tenants; and

14         3.  Is improved with 7,500 square feet or less of total

15  gross building area.

16         714.005  Definitions.--As used in this chapter:

17         (1)  "Broker" means a person who:

18         (a)  Is licensed as a real estate broker under part I

19  of chapter 475; or

20         (b)  Is licensed or certified as a real estate

21  appraiser under part II of chapter 475.

22         (2)  "Commercial real estate" means all real estate

23  except:

24         (a)  Real estate improved with one to four residential

25  units;

26         (b)  A single-family residential unit, including a

27  condominium, townhouse, or home in a subdivision, if the unit

28  is sold, leased, or otherwise conveyed on a unit-by-unit basis

29  and regardless of whether the unit is part of a larger

30  building or located on real estate containing more than four

31  residential units;

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  1         (c)  Real estate that is or includes on it a person's

  2  homestead;

  3         (d)  Real estate that is not improved with a structure,

  4  but is:

  5         1.  Zoned for single-family residential use; or

  6         2.  Restricted for single-family residential use under

  7  restrictive covenants that will remain in effect for at least

  8  the next 2 years; or

  9         (e)  Real estate that:

10         1.  Is used primarily for farming and agricultural

11  purposes;

12         2.  Will continue to be used primarily for farming and

13  agricultural purposes; and

14         3.  Is located more than 3 miles from the corporate

15  boundaries of any municipality.

16         (3)  "Commission" includes a fee or other valuable

17  consideration.

18         (4)  "Commission agreement" means a written instrument

19  that:

20         (a)  Entitles a broker to a commission;

21         (b)  Is signed by the person obligated to pay the

22  commission or that person's authorized agent;

23         (c)  References the commission amount or describes the

24  formula used to determine the commission amount; and

25         (d)  Contains a description legally sufficient for

26  identification of the real estate interest that is the subject

27  of the agreement if the person obligated to pay the commission

28  is a seller or lessor.

29         (5)  "Deferred commission" means a commission that is

30  earned and is not yet payable.

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  1         (6)  "Real estate" shall have the same meaning as

  2  provided in s. 475.01.

  3         714.007  Commission; when payable or earned.--

  4         (1)  A commission is payable at the time provided in

  5  the commission agreement. If payment of the commission is

  6  conditioned on the occurrence of an event and that event does

  7  not occur, the person obligated to pay the commission is not

  8  required to pay the commission.

  9         (2)  Except as provided in subsection (3), a commission

10  is earned on the earlier of the date that:

11         (a)  An event occurs that, under the commission

12  agreement, defines when the commission is earned; or

13         (b)  The person obligated to pay the commission enters

14  into a purchase contract or a lease during the period

15  prescribed by the commission agreement for all or part of the

16  commercial real estate, if the purchase contract or lease is

17  contemplated by the commission agreement and if the parties to

18  the purchase contract or lease are contemplated by the

19  commission agreement.

20         (3)  If a broker has earned a commission under a

21  commission agreement relating to a lease transaction and the

22  commission agreement provides that the broker may receive an

23  additional commission when the lease is either modified to

24  expand the lease space or renewed, the additional commission

25  is earned when:

26         (a)  The broker performs all the additional services

27  relating to the lease modification or renewal expressly

28  prescribed by the commission agreement; or

29         (b)  The broker first earned a commission under the

30  commission agreement if the commission agreement does not

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  1  expressly require the broker to perform additional services

  2  relating to a lease modification or renewal.

  3         714.009  Broker's address for receipt of notice.--A

  4  seller, lessor, buyer, or tenant shall send any notice

  5  required to be sent to a broker under this chapter to the

  6  broker at:

  7         (1)  The broker's address as reflected in the records

  8  of the Florida Real Estate Commission; and

  9         (2)  The broker's last address that the broker

10  furnished the seller, lessor, buyer, or tenant by certified

11  mail, return receipt requested, if the broker's license has

12  expired.

13         714.011  Entitlement of broker to lien.--

14         (1)  A broker has a lien on a seller's or lessor's

15  commercial real estate interest in the amount specified by the

16  commission agreement if:

17         (a)  The broker has earned a commission under a

18  commission agreement signed by the seller or lessor of the

19  commercial real estate interest or the seller's or lessor's

20  authorized agent; and

21         (b)  A notice of lien is recorded and indexed as

22  provided in s. 714.017.

23         (2)  A broker has a lien on the commercial real estate

24  interest purchased by a prospective buyer in the amount

25  specified by the commission agreement if:

26         (a)  The broker has earned a commission under a

27  commission agreement signed by the prospective buyer of the

28  commercial real estate interest or the prospective buyer's

29  authorized agent; and

30         (b)  A notice of lien is recorded and indexed as

31  provided in s. 714.017.

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  1         (3)  A broker has a lien on the leasehold interest in

  2  the commercial real estate that a prospective tenant leases in

  3  the amount specified by the commission agreement if:

  4         (a)  The broker has earned a commission under a

  5  commission agreement signed by the prospective tenant of the

  6  commercial real estate interest or the prospective tenant's

  7  authorized agent; and

  8         (b)  A notice of lien is recorded and indexed as

  9  provided in s. 714.017.

10         (4)  A lien described by this section is available only

11  to the broker named in the commission agreement. The lien is

12  not available to an employee or independent contractor of the

13  broker.

14         (5)  The broker's right to claim a lien based on the

15  commission agreement must be disclosed in the commission

16  agreement.

17         714.013  Waiver, release, or discharge of lien;

18  assumption of obligation for commission.--

19         (1)  Except as provided in subsection (2), the waiver

20  of a broker's right to a lien under this chapter, or a release

21  given for the purpose of releasing the broker's lien before

22  the commission is satisfied or forgiven, is void.

23         (2)  A broker's entitlement to a lien on the interest

24  of an owner or tenant in commercial real estate shall be

25  automatically waived if:

26         (a)  The commission is earned and payable for services

27  provided relating to a lease transaction; and

28         (b)  The commission agreement is included as a

29  provision of the lease agreement.

30         (3)  A lien under this chapter is discharged by:

31         (a)  A court order discharging the lien;

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  1         (b)  Payment of the commission to the broker named in

  2  the commission agreement; or

  3         (c)  Establishment of an escrow account under s.

  4  714.041 or provision of a bond under s. 714.053.

  5         (4)  A person who assumes an owner's or tenant's

  6  commercial real estate interest is bound by a commission

  7  agreement included in a lease agreement unless an escrow

  8  account is established under s. 714.041 or a bond is provided

  9  under s. 714.053.

10         (5)  This section does not affect the rights of a

11  mortgagee who forecloses on commercial real estate and does

12  not assume the lease on which a commission agreement is based.

13         714.015  Affidavit identifying brokers due a

14  commission.--If requested by the buyer, the buyer's authorized

15  agent, or the escrow agent for the commercial real estate

16  transaction, the seller of commercial real estate and the

17  broker representing the seller shall provide to the requesting

18  party before the closing of the transaction a written

19  affidavit identifying each broker with whom the affiant knows

20  or believes the seller or the seller's authorized agent has

21  signed a commission agreement under which a commission is

22  claimed or earned and has not been paid.

23         714.017  Filing of notice of lien.--

24         (1)  A broker claiming a lien under this chapter may

25  not file a notice of lien unless the commission on which the

26  lien is based is earned.

27         (2)  A broker claiming a lien under this chapter must

28  file a notice of lien as provided in s. 714.031 with the clerk

29  of the circuit court of the county in which the commercial

30  real estate is located.

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  1         (3)  The clerk of the circuit court shall record the

  2  notice of lien in records kept for that purpose and shall

  3  index and cross-index the notice of lien in the names of the

  4  broker, each person obligated to pay the commission under the

  5  commission agreement, and each person who owns an interest in

  6  the commercial real estate if the broker claims a lien on that

  7  interest.

  8         714.019  Contents of notice of lien.--The notice of

  9  lien must be signed by the broker or by a person authorized to

10  sign on behalf of the broker and must contain all of the

11  following:

12         (1)  A sworn statement of the nature and amount of the

13  claim, including:

14         (a)  The commission amount or the formula used to

15  determine the commission;

16         (b)  The type of commission at issue, including a

17  deferred commission; and

18         (c)  The month and year in which the commission was

19  earned.

20         (2)  The name of the broker and the real estate license

21  number of the broker.

22         (3)  The name, as reflected in the broker's records, of

23  any person who the broker believes is obligated to pay the

24  commission under the commission agreement.

25         (4)  The name, as reflected in the broker's records, of

26  any person the broker believes is an owner of the commercial

27  real estate interest on which the lien is claimed.

28         (5)  A description legally sufficient for

29  identification of the commercial real estate interest sought

30  to be charged with the lien.

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  1         (6)  The name of any cooperating broker or principal in

  2  the transaction with whom the broker intends to share the

  3  commission and the dollar or percentage amount to be shared.

  4         (7)  A copy of the commission agreement on which the

  5  lien is based.

  6         714.021  Service of notice of lien.--

  7         (1)  As used in this section, "business day" means a

  8  day other than a Saturday, Sunday, or holiday recognized by

  9  the state.

10         (2)  Not later than 1 business day after the date the

11  broker files a notice of lien, the broker shall mail a copy of

12  the notice of lien by certified mail, return receipt

13  requested, or registered mail to:

14         (a)  The owner of record of the commercial real estate

15  interest on which the lien is claimed or the owner's

16  authorized agent; and

17         (b)  The prospective buyer or tenant and any escrow

18  agent named in a contract for the sale or lease of the

19  commercial real estate interest on which the lien is claimed

20  if:

21         1.  A binding written contract for the sale or lease of

22  the commercial real estate interest is in effect between the

23  owner and the prospective buyer or tenant in a transaction

24  that is the basis for the commission; and

25         2.  The binding written contract was executed by the

26  owner and the prospective buyer or tenant before the date the

27  notice of lien is filed.

28         (3)  Service of the notice under subsection (2) is

29  complete when the notice is deposited in the United States

30  mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to the persons entitled

31  to receive the notice under this section.

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  1         (4)  If the broker has actual knowledge of the identity

  2  of the escrow agent named in the contract for the sale or

  3  lease of the commercial real estate interest on which the

  4  broker claims a lien or of the escrow agent otherwise closing

  5  the sale or lease of the commercial real estate interest, the

  6  broker, before the first business day before the date that the

  7  sale or lease is closed on commercial real estate for which a

  8  notice of lien is filed, shall deliver a file-stamped copy or

  9  transmit a facsimile of a file-stamped copy of the notice of

10  lien to each escrow agent at the office in which the closing

11  of the sale or lease will occur for use during the closing of

12  the sale or lease. The broker shall deliver the copy or

13  transmit the facsimile directly to the individual escrow agent

14  responsible for closing the sale or lease if the broker knows

15  that person's name.

16         (5)  If the escrow agent receives the notice of lien,

17  the escrow agent and other parties to the sale or lease may

18  not close the transaction unless the lien is released, the

19  prospective buyer or tenant purchases or leases the property

20  subject to the lien, the funds are held in escrow as provided

21  in s. 714.041, or a bond is filed as provided in s. 714.053.

22         (6)  If the broker fails to comply with this section,

23  the notice of lien is void.

24         714.023  Date of inception of lien.--

25         (1)  A broker's lien attaches to the commercial real

26  estate interest owned by the person obligated to pay the

27  commission on the date the notice of lien is recorded as

28  provided in this chapter. The lien does not relate back to the

29  date of the commission agreement.

30         (2)  A notice of lien for amounts earned by the broker

31  under an installment contract or under a commission agreement

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  1  for a deferred commission is enforceable only to the extent

  2  that the installment or commission has become payable.

  3         714.025  Priority of liens.--

  4         (1)  A recorded lien, mortgage, or other encumbrance on

  5  commercial real estate, including a recorded lien securing

  6  revolving credit and future advances for a loan, recorded

  7  before the date a broker's lien is recorded has priority over

  8  the broker's lien.

  9         (2)  A broker's lien on the commercial real estate

10  interest of a person obligated to pay a commission is not

11  valid or enforceable against a grantee, buyer, lessee, or

12  transferee of the interest of the person obligated to pay the

13  commission if the deed, lease, or instrument transferring the

14  interest is recorded before the notice of the broker's lien is

15  recorded.

16         (3)  A purchase-money mortgage lien executed by the

17  buyer of the commercial real estate interest has priority over

18  a broker's lien claimed for the commission owed by the buyer

19  against the commercial real estate interest purchased by the

20  buyer.

21         (4)  A mechanic's lien that is recorded after a

22  broker's lien and that relates back to a date before the date

23  the broker's lien is recorded has priority over the broker's

24  lien.

25         714.027  Mixed-use real estate.--If real estate is

26  zoned or restricted for more than one use, the broker's lien

27  attaches only to the portions of the real estate that

28  constitute commercial real estate.

29         714.029  Change in use of real estate.--

30         (1)  Except as provided in subsection (2), any change

31  in the use of the real estate does not affect a broker's lien

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  1  if the notice of the lien was filed when the real estate was

  2  commercial real estate.

  3         (2)  The broker's lien is extinguished if:

  4         (a)  Not later than the 360th day after the date on

  5  which the broker's commission is payable, the commercial real

  6  estate interest on which a broker claims a lien is zoned for

  7  single-family residential use or restricted for single-family

  8  residential use under recorded restrictive covenants; and

  9         (b)  The zoning ordinances or restrictive covenants for

10  single-family residential use are in effect until at least the

11  second anniversary of the date the commission is payable.

12         714.031  Time limits to file notice of lien.--

13         (1)  If a broker has earned a commission under a

14  commission agreement signed by a seller or the seller's

15  authorized agent, a broker must record a notice of lien:

16         (a)  After the commission is earned; and

17         (b)  Before the conveyance of the commercial real

18  estate interest on which the broker is claiming a lien.

19         (2)  If a broker has earned a commission under a

20  commission agreement signed by a prospective buyer or the

21  prospective buyer's authorized agent, the broker must record a

22  notice of lien:

23         (a)  After the buyer acquires legal title to the

24  commercial real estate interest on which the broker is

25  claiming a lien; and

26         (b)  Before the buyer conveys the buyer's commercial

27  real estate interest on which the broker is claiming a lien.

28         (3)  If the lien is based on a lease transaction, the

29  broker must record a notice of lien after the commission is

30  earned and before the earlier of:

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  1         (a)  The 91st day after the date the event for which

  2  the commission becomes payable occurs; or

  3         (b)  The date the person obligated to pay the

  4  commission records a subsequent conveyance of that person's

  5  commercial real estate interest after executing the lease

  6  agreement relating to the lease transaction for which the lien

  7  is claimed.

  8         (4)  If a notice of lien is not filed within the time

  9  required by this section, the lien is void.

10         714.033  Suit to foreclose lien.--

11         (1)  A broker may not bring a suit to foreclose a lien

12  under this chapter unless the commission is earned and

13  payable. A broker may bring a suit to foreclose a lien in the

14  circuit court for the county in which the commercial real

15  estate is located by filing a sworn complaint stating that the

16  notice of lien has been recorded.

17         (2)  A complaint in a suit filed under this section

18  must contain all of the following:

19         (a)  A brief description of the commission agreement

20  that is the basis for the lien, including:

21         1.  A description of the disclosure of the broker's

22  right to the lien contained in the commission agreement;

23         2.  The date on which the commission agreement was

24  executed;

25         3.  The event for which a commission is considered to

26  be earned; and

27         4.  The event for which a commission is considered to

28  be payable.

29         (b)  A description of the services performed by the

30  broker.

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  1         (c)  The amount of the payable commission that is

  2  unpaid.

  3         (d)  A description of the commercial real estate to

  4  which the lien attaches.

  5         (e)  Other facts necessary for a full understanding of

  6  the rights of the parties.

  7         (3)  The broker must include as a defendant in a suit

  8  brought under this section each person the broker believes has

  9  an interest in the commercial real estate that is subordinate

10  to or encumbered by the broker's lien.

11         (4)  If the broker and a person against whom the broker

12  claims a commission use alternative dispute resolution

13  procedures to resolve a dispute concerning entitlement to the

14  broker's commission, the broker's lien remains valid, and any

15  suit to foreclose the lien is stayed until the alternative

16  dispute resolution process is completed.

17         714.035  Statute of limitations.--

18         (1)  Except as otherwise provided in this section, a

19  broker claiming a lien under this chapter must bring a suit to

20  foreclose the lien on or before the second anniversary of the

21  date the notice of lien is recorded.

22         (2)  A broker claiming a lien to collect a deferred

23  commission must bring a suit to foreclose the lien on or

24  before the earlier of:

25         (a)  The second anniversary of the date on which the

26  commission is payable; or

27         (b)  The 10th anniversary of the date the lien is

28  recorded or the 10th anniversary of the date the broker

29  records a subsequent notice of the lien as a renewal of the

30  broker's right to the lien, whichever date is later. A renewal

31  of a notice of lien must state that it is a renewal of the

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  1  broker's lien and must be recorded after the ninth anniversary

  2  after the date the original notice of lien or last renewal

  3  notice is recorded and on or before the 10th anniversary of

  4  the date the original notice of lien or last renewal notice is

  5  recorded.

  6         (3)  A broker claiming a lien for a commission that is

  7  payable must bring a suit to foreclose the lien not later than

  8  the 30th day after the date the broker receives a written

  9  demand to bring a suit to foreclose the lien from the owner of

10  the commercial real estate interest on which the lien is

11  claimed.

12         (4)  If a suit to foreclose the lien is not brought

13  within the period prescribed by this section, the lien is

14  void.

15         714.037  Assessment of costs, fees, and interest.--The

16  prevailing party in a suit brought under s. 714.033 is

17  entitled to court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and

18  prejudgment interest from the date the commission becomes

19  payable or the date the damage accrues.

20         714.039  Release of lien.--

21         (1)  Not later than the fifth day after the date a

22  broker receives a written request from the owner of a

23  commercial real estate interest on which a lien is claimed,

24  the broker shall furnish to the owner a release of

25  indebtedness and any lien claimed if:

26         (a)  The debt that is the basis for the lien is

27  satisfied; or

28         (b)  The lien is discharged under s. 714.013, rendered

29  void under s. 714.021 or s. 714.035, or extinguished under s.

30  714.029.

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  1         (2)  When a condition occurs that would preclude the

  2  broker from receiving a commission under the terms of the

  3  commission agreement that is the basis for the lien, the

  4  broker shall, not later than the 10th day after the date the

  5  broker receives a written request from the owner of the

  6  commercial real estate interest on which the lien is claimed,

  7  furnish to the owner a release of indebtedness and any lien

  8  claimed.

  9         (3)  Not later than the 10th day after the date a

10  broker receives a written request for the release of the

11  broker's lien from the escrow agent responsible for closing

12  the purchase and sale of a commercial real estate interest on

13  which the lien is claimed, the broker shall furnish to the

14  escrow agent a release of indebtedness and any lien claimed

15  if:

16         (a)  The commercial real estate interest to which the

17  lien attaches is subject to a contract for purchase and sale;

18         (b)  The release of indebtedness and any lien claimed

19  is conditioned on the closing of the transaction; and

20         (c)  The broker would otherwise be obligated to release

21  the indebtedness and any lien claimed under subsection (1) or

22  subsection (2) on the closing of the transaction.

23         (4)  A release of lien must be in a form that permits

24  the instrument to be recorded.

25         714.041  Requirement for escrow account or bond; escrow

26  amount.--If a claim for a lien under a recorded notice of lien

27  is not paid or assumed at the closing of a sale, lease, or

28  mortgage of the commercial real estate interest subject to the

29  lien and would prevent the closing of the transaction or

30  conveyance or if a claim for a lien under a recorded notice of

31  lien does not survive the closing, any person named in the

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  1  notice of lien as obligated to pay the commission shall, on

  2  the date of the closing:

  3         (1)  Establish an escrow account from any net proceeds

  4  of the transaction or conveyance in an amount equal to the

  5  amount sufficient to satisfy the lien plus 15 percent of that

  6  amount; or

  7         (2)  File a bond to indemnify against the lien as

  8  provided in s. 714.053.

  9         714.043  Named escrow agent.--If an escrow agent is

10  named in the contract on which the transaction or conveyance

11  is based, the escrow account shall be established with the

12  named escrow agent.

13         714.045  Costs of interpleader.--Related costs for any

14  interpleader action may be deducted from the escrow account by

15  the person maintaining the escrow account.

16         714.047  Conditions precluding refusal to close a

17  transaction.--

18         (1)  A party may not refuse to close a transaction

19  because of the requirement under s. 714.041 to establish an

20  escrow account or file a bond if:

21         (a)  The broker provides a copy of the notice of lien

22  that complies with ss. 714.019 and 714.021;

23         (b)  Sufficient proceeds will result from the proposed

24  transaction for the payment of the commission and costs of the

25  interpleader; and

26         (c)  The broker executes and delivers a full release of

27  the broker's lien in a recordable form.

28         (2)  A prospective buyer of a commercial real estate

29  interest may not refuse to close the purchase solely because a

30  broker's lien is filed after the date a title commitment or

31  abstract of title relating to the interest is issued if an

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  1  escrow account is established as provided in s. 714.041 or a

  2  bond is filed as provided in s. 714.053.

  3         714.049  Term of escrow account.--The amount held in

  4  escrow shall be held until:

  5         (1)  The rights of the parties claiming the amount in

  6  escrow are determined by a written agreement of the parties, a

  7  court order, or an alternative dispute resolution process

  8  agreed to by the parties;

  9         (2)  The broker's lien is no longer enforceable; or

10         (3)  The funds are interpled into a circuit court for

11  the county in which the commercial real estate is located.

12         714.051  Extinguishment of lien upon escrow.--When the

13  escrow account is established under s. 714.041, the broker's

14  lien against the commercial real estate is extinguished and

15  becomes a lien on the proceeds in the escrow account.

16         714.053  Bond.--

17         (1)  If a lien is fixed or is attempted to be fixed by

18  a recorded instrument under this chapter, any person may file

19  a bond to indemnify against the lien.

20         (2)  The bond shall be filed with the clerk of the

21  circuit court of the county in which the commercial real

22  estate subject to the lien is located.

23         714.055  Bond requirements.--A bond filed under s.

24  714.053 must do all of the following:

25         (1)  Describe the commercial real estate on which the

26  lien is claimed.

27         (2)  Refer to the lien claimed in a manner sufficient

28  to identify it.

29         (3)  Be in an amount that is double the amount of the

30  lien referred to in the bond as of the date of execution of

31  the bond by the surety, unless the total amount claimed in the

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  1  lien exceeds $40,000, in which case the bond must be in an

  2  amount that is one and one-half times the amount of the lien.

  3         (4)  Be payable to the party claiming the lien.

  4         (5)  Be executed by:

  5         (a)  The party filing the bond as principal; and

  6         (b)  A corporate surety licensed by this state to

  7  execute the bond as surety.

  8         (6)  Be conditioned substantially that the principal

  9  and sureties will pay the named obligees or their assignees

10  the amount that the named obligees would have been entitled to

11  recover if their claim had been proven to be valid and

12  enforceable liens on the commercial real estate.

13         (7)  Identify the last known mailing address of the

14  person claiming the lien.

15         714.057  Notice of bond.--

16         (1)  After a bond is filed pursuant to s. 714.053, the

17  clerk of the circuit court shall issue notice of the bond to

18  all named obligees.

19         (2)  A copy of the bond must be attached to the notice.

20         (3)  The notice must be served on each obligee by

21  mailing a copy of the notice and the bond to the obligee by

22  certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed to the

23  claimant at the address stated in the bond for the obligee.

24         714.059  Recording of bond and notice.--

25         (1)  The clerk of the circuit court shall record the

26  bond, the notice, and a certificate of mailing in the real

27  property records.

28         (2)  In acquiring an interest in or insuring title to

29  the commercial real estate, a buyer, insurer of title, or

30  lender may rely on and is absolutely protected by the record

31  of the bond and the notice to the same extent as if the lien

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  1  claimant had filed a release of lien in the real property

  2  records.

  3         714.061  Action on bond.--

  4         (1)  A party making or holding a lien claim may not sue

  5  on the bond later than the last date on which a person may

  6  bring a suit to foreclose the lien under s. 714.035.

  7         (2)  The bond is not exhausted by one action against

  8  it. Each named obligee or assignee of an obligee may maintain

  9  a separate suit on the bond in any district court for the

10  county in which the commercial real estate is located.

11         714.063  Owner's or tenant's remedies.--

12         (1)  An owner or tenant may file suit against a broker

13  under this chapter.

14         (2)  In an action filed under this section, the court

15  shall discharge a broker's lien if the broker:

16         (a)  Failed to mail a copy of the notice of lien within

17  the period prescribed in s. 714.021;

18         (b)  Failed to record the notice of lien within the

19  period prescribed in s. 714.031; or

20         (c)  Failed to release a lien within the period

21  prescribed in s. 714.039.

22         (3)  A broker is liable to an owner or tenant for

23  damages as provided in subsection (4) if:

24         (a)  The broker recorded a lien on the commercial real

25  estate interest of the owner or tenant;

26         (b)  The broker failed to release a lien within the

27  period prescribed in s. 714.039;

28         (c)  The owner, tenant, or escrow agent mailed to the

29  broker by certified mail, return receipt requested, a copy of

30  this section and a notice requesting the broker to release the

31

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  1  lien not later than the 10th day after the date the broker

  2  receives the notice; and

  3         (d)  The broker failed to comply with the owner's,

  4  tenant's, or escrow agent's written notice within the

  5  prescribed period.

  6         (4)  If the court finds that a broker is liable to an

  7  owner or tenant under subsection (3), the court may award the

  8  owner or tenant:

  9         (a)  Actual damages, including attorney's fees and

10  court costs, incurred by the owner or tenant that are

11  proximately caused by the broker's failure to release the

12  lien; and

13         (b)  A civil penalty in an amount not to exceed three

14  times the amount of the claimed commission if the court finds

15  that the broker acted with gross negligence or in bad faith in

16  violation of part I or part II of chapter 475.

17         (5)  This section does not prevent:

18         (a)  A person from filing a complaint with the Florida

19  Real Estate Commission against a broker who fails to comply

20  with this chapter; or

21         (b)  The Florida Real Estate Commission at any time

22  from investigating or initiating a disciplinary proceeding

23  against a broker who fails to comply with this chapter.

24         714.065  Broker's remedies.--

25         (1)  A broker may file suit against an owner or tenant

26  to enforce a commission agreement.

27         (2)  If the court finds that the broker waived the

28  right to file a lien under s. 714.013 and that the owner or

29  tenant violated the commission agreement, the court may award

30  to the broker:

31

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  1         (a)  Actual damages, including attorney's fees and

  2  court costs, that are proximately caused by the owner's or

  3  tenant's failure to comply with the commission agreement; and

  4         (b)  A civil penalty in an amount not to exceed three

  5  times the amount of the claimed commission if the court finds

  6  that the owner or tenant acted with gross negligence or in bad

  7  faith.

  8         Section 2.  Paragraph (j) of subsection (1) of section

  9  475.42, Florida Statutes, is amended to read:

10         475.42  Violations and penalties.--

11         (1)  VIOLATIONS.--

12         (j)  No broker or salesperson shall place, or cause to

13  be placed, upon the public records of any county, any

14  contract, assignment, deed, will, mortgage, affidavit, or

15  other writing which purports to affect the title of, or

16  encumber, any real property if the same is known to her or him

17  to be false, void, or not authorized to be placed of record,

18  or not executed in the form entitling it to be recorded, or

19  the execution or recording whereof has not been authorized by

20  the owner of the property, maliciously or for the purpose of

21  collecting a commission, or to coerce the payment of money to

22  the broker or salesperson or other person, or for any unlawful

23  purpose.  However, nothing in this paragraph shall be

24  construed to prohibit a broker or a salesperson from recording

25  a judgment rendered by a court of this state or to prohibit a

26  broker from placing a lien on a property where expressly

27  permitted by contractual agreement or otherwise allowed by

28  law.

29         Section 3.  This act shall take effect October 1, 2002.

30

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  1            *****************************************

  2                          HOUSE SUMMARY

  3
      Creates chapter 714, F.S., the "Broker's and Appraiser's
  4    Lien on Commercial Real Estate Act," to provide for the
      securing of commissions of brokers and appraisers in
  5    transactions involving commercial real estate and for the
      protection of parties responsible for the payment of such
  6    commissions.  See bill for details.

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