| 1 | A bill to be entitled |
| 2 | An act relating to uniform traffic control; creating the |
| 3 | "Mark Wandall Traffic Safety Act"; amending s. 316.003, |
| 4 | F.S.; defining the term "traffic infraction detector"; |
| 5 | creating s. 316.0083, F.S.; creating the Mark Wandall |
| 6 | Traffic Safety Program to be administered by the |
| 7 | Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles; requiring |
| 8 | a county or municipality to enact an ordinance in order to |
| 9 | use a traffic infraction detector to identify a motor |
| 10 | vehicle that fails to stop at a traffic control signal |
| 11 | steady red light; requiring authorization of a traffic |
| 12 | infraction enforcement officer to issue and enforce a |
| 13 | ticket for such violation; requiring signage; requiring |
| 14 | certain public awareness procedures; requiring the |
| 15 | ordinance to establish a fine of a certain amount; |
| 16 | prohibiting additional charges; exempting emergency |
| 17 | vehicles; providing that the registered owner of the motor |
| 18 | vehicle involved in the violation is responsible and |
| 19 | liable for payment of the fine assessed; providing |
| 20 | exceptions; providing procedures for disposition and |
| 21 | enforcement of tickets; providing for disposition of |
| 22 | revenue; providing complaint procedures; providing for the |
| 23 | Legislature to exclude a county or municipality from the |
| 24 | program; requiring reports from participating |
| 25 | municipalities and counties to the department; requiring |
| 26 | the department to make reports to the Governor and the |
| 27 | Legislature; amending s. 316.0745, F.S.; providing that |
| 28 | traffic infraction detectors must meet certain |
| 29 | requirements; amending s. 316.1967, F.S.; providing for |
| 30 | inclusion of persons with outstanding violations in a list |
| 31 | sent to the department for enforcement purposes; amending |
| 32 | s. 322.264, F.S.; revising the definition of the term |
| 33 | "habitual traffic offender" to include a certain number of |
| 34 | violations of a traffic control signal steady red light |
| 35 | indication within a certain timeframe; reenacting ss. |
| 36 | 322.27(5) and 322.34(1), (2), (5), and (8)(a), F.S., |
| 37 | relating to the authority of the Department of Highway |
| 38 | Safety and Motor Vehicles to suspend or revoke a driver |
| 39 | license and driving while a driver license is suspended, |
| 40 | revoked, canceled, or disqualified, for the purpose of |
| 41 | incorporating the amendment to s. 322.264, F.S., in |
| 42 | references thereto; providing for severability; providing |
| 43 | an effective date. |
| 44 |
|
| 45 | Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida: |
| 46 |
|
| 47 | Section 1. This act may be cited as the "Mark Wandall |
| 48 | Traffic Safety Act." |
| 49 | Section 2. Subsection (86) is added to section 316.003, |
| 50 | Florida Statutes, to read: |
| 51 | 316.003 Definitions.--The following words and phrases, |
| 52 | when used in this chapter, shall have the meanings respectively |
| 53 | ascribed to them in this section, except where the context |
| 54 | otherwise requires: |
| 55 | (86) TRAFFIC INFRACTION DETECTOR.--A device that uses a |
| 56 | vehicle sensor installed to work in conjunction with a traffic |
| 57 | control signal and a camera synchronized to automatically record |
| 58 | two or more sequenced photographic or electronic images or |
| 59 | streaming video of only the rear of a motor vehicle at the time |
| 60 | the vehicle fails to stop behind the stop bar or clearly marked |
| 61 | stop line when facing a traffic control signal steady red light. |
| 62 | Any citation issued by the use of a traffic infraction detector |
| 63 | must include a photograph showing both the license tag of the |
| 64 | offending vehicle and the traffic control device being violated. |
| 65 | Section 3. Section 316.0083, Florida Statutes, is created |
| 66 | to read: |
| 67 | 316.0083 Mark Wandall Traffic Safety Program; |
| 68 | administration; report.-- |
| 69 | (1) There is created the Mark Wandall Traffic Safety |
| 70 | Program governing the operation of traffic infraction detectors. |
| 71 | The program shall be administered by the Department of Highway |
| 72 | Safety and Motor Vehicles and shall include the following |
| 73 | provisions: |
| 74 | (a) In order to use a traffic infraction detector, a |
| 75 | county or municipality must enact an ordinance that provides for |
| 76 | the use of a traffic infraction detector to enforce s. |
| 77 | 316.075(1)(c), which requires the driver of a vehicle to stop |
| 78 | the vehicle when facing a traffic control signal steady red |
| 79 | light on the streets and highways under the jurisdiction of the |
| 80 | county or municipality. A county or municipality that operates a |
| 81 | traffic infraction detector must authorize a traffic infraction |
| 82 | enforcement officer to issue a ticket for a violation of s. |
| 83 | 316.075(1)(c) and to enforce the payment of tickets for such |
| 84 | violation. This paragraph does not authorize a traffic |
| 85 | infraction enforcement officer to carry a firearm or other |
| 86 | weapon and does not authorize such an officer to make arrests. |
| 87 | The ordinance must require signs to be posted at locations |
| 88 | designated by the county or municipality providing notification |
| 89 | that a traffic infraction detector may be in use. Such signage |
| 90 | must conform to the standards and requirements adopted by the |
| 91 | Department of Transportation under s. 316.0745. The ordinance |
| 92 | must also require that the county or municipality make a public |
| 93 | announcement and conduct a public awareness campaign of the |
| 94 | proposed use of traffic infraction detectors at least 30 days |
| 95 | before commencing the enforcement program. In addition, the |
| 96 | ordinance must establish a fine of $125 to be assessed against |
| 97 | the registered owner of a motor vehicle that fails to stop when |
| 98 | facing a traffic control signal steady red light as determined |
| 99 | through the use of a traffic infraction detector. Any other |
| 100 | provision of law to the contrary notwithstanding, an additional |
| 101 | surcharge, fee, or cost may not be added to the civil penalty |
| 102 | authorized by this paragraph. |
| 103 | (b) When responding to an emergency call, an emergency |
| 104 | vehicle is exempt from any ordinance enacted under this section. |
| 105 | (c) A county or municipality must adopt an ordinance under |
| 106 | this section that provides for the use of a traffic infraction |
| 107 | detector in order to impose a fine on the registered owner of a |
| 108 | motor vehicle for a violation of s. 316.075(1)(c). The fine |
| 109 | shall be imposed in the same manner and is subject to the same |
| 110 | limitations as provided for parking violations under s. |
| 111 | 316.1967. Except as specifically provided in this section, |
| 112 | chapter 318 and s. 322.27 do not apply to a violation of s. |
| 113 | 316.075(1)(c) for which a ticket has been issued under an |
| 114 | ordinance enacted pursuant to this section. Enforcement of a |
| 115 | ticket issued under the ordinance is not a conviction of the |
| 116 | operator of the motor vehicle, may not be made a part of the |
| 117 | driving record of the operator, and may not be used for purposes |
| 118 | of setting motor vehicle insurance rates. Points under s. 322.27 |
| 119 | may not be assessed based upon such enforcement. |
| 120 | (d) The procedures set forth in s. 316.1967(2)-(5) apply |
| 121 | to an ordinance enacted pursuant to this section, except that |
| 122 | the ticket must contain the name and address of the person |
| 123 | alleged to be liable as the registered owner of the motor |
| 124 | vehicle involved in the violation, the registration number of |
| 125 | the motor vehicle, the violation charged, a copy of the recorded |
| 126 | images, the location where the violation occurred, the date and |
| 127 | time of the violation, information that identifies the device |
| 128 | that recorded the violation, and a signed statement by a |
| 129 | specifically trained technician employed by the agency or its |
| 130 | contractor that, based on inspection of recorded images, the |
| 131 | motor vehicle was being operated in violation of s. |
| 132 | 316.075(1)(c). The ticket must advise the registered owner of |
| 133 | the motor vehicle involved in the violation of the amount of the |
| 134 | fine, the date by which the fine must be paid, and the procedure |
| 135 | for contesting the violation alleged in the ticket. The ticket |
| 136 | must contain a warning that failure to contest the violation in |
| 137 | the manner and time provided is deemed an admission of the |
| 138 | liability and that a default may be entered thereon. The |
| 139 | violation shall be processed by the county or municipality that |
| 140 | has jurisdiction over the street or highway where the violation |
| 141 | occurred or by any entity authorized by the county or |
| 142 | municipality to prepare and mail the ticket. |
| 143 | (e) The ticket shall be sent by first-class mail addressed |
| 144 | to the registered owner of the motor vehicle and postmarked no |
| 145 | later than 14 days after the date of the violation. |
| 146 | (f)1. The registered owner of the motor vehicle involved |
| 147 | in a violation is responsible and liable for payment of the fine |
| 148 | assessed pursuant to this section unless the owner can establish |
| 149 | that: |
| 150 | a. The motor vehicle passed through the intersection in |
| 151 | order to yield right-of-way to an emergency vehicle or as part |
| 152 | of a funeral procession; |
| 153 | b. The motor vehicle passed through the intersection at |
| 154 | the direction of a law enforcement officer; |
| 155 | c. The motor vehicle was stolen at the time of the alleged |
| 156 | violation; or |
| 157 | d. A uniform traffic citation was issued to the driver of |
| 158 | the motor vehicle for the alleged violation of s. 316.075(1)(c). |
| 159 | 2. In order to establish any such fact, the registered |
| 160 | owner of the vehicle must, within 20 days after receipt of |
| 161 | notification of the alleged violation, furnish to the county or |
| 162 | municipality, as appropriate, an affidavit that sets forth |
| 163 | detailed information supporting an exemption as provided in sub- |
| 164 | subparagraph 1.a., sub-subparagraph 1.b., sub-subparagraph 1.c., |
| 165 | or sub-subparagraph 1.d. For an exemption under sub-subparagraph |
| 166 | 1.c., the affidavit must set forth that the vehicle was stolen |
| 167 | and be accompanied by a copy of the police report indicating |
| 168 | that the vehicle was stolen at the time of the alleged |
| 169 | violation. For an exemption under sub-subparagraph 1.d., the |
| 170 | affidavit must set forth that a citation was issued and be |
| 171 | accompanied by a copy of the citation indicating the time of the |
| 172 | alleged violation and the location of the intersection where it |
| 173 | occurred. |
| 174 | (g) A person may contest the determination that such |
| 175 | person failed to stop at a traffic control signal steady red |
| 176 | light as evidenced by a traffic infraction detector by electing |
| 177 | to appear before any judge authorized by law to preside over a |
| 178 | court hearing that adjudicates traffic infractions. A person who |
| 179 | elects to appear before the court to present evidence is deemed |
| 180 | to have waived the limitation of civil penalties imposed for the |
| 181 | violation. The court, after hearing, shall determine whether the |
| 182 | violation was committed and may impose a civil penalty not to |
| 183 | exceed $125 plus costs. The court may take appropriate measures |
| 184 | to enforce collection of any penalty not paid within the time |
| 185 | permitted by the court. |
| 186 | (h) A certificate sworn to or affirmed by a person |
| 187 | authorized under this section who is employed by or under |
| 188 | contract with the county or municipality where the infraction |
| 189 | occurred, or a facsimile thereof that is based upon inspection |
| 190 | of photographs or other recorded images produced by a traffic |
| 191 | infraction detector, is prima facie evidence of the facts |
| 192 | contained in the certificate. A photograph or other recorded |
| 193 | image evidencing a violation of s. 316.075(1)(c) must be |
| 194 | available for inspection in any proceeding to adjudicate |
| 195 | liability under an ordinance enacted pursuant to this section. |
| 196 | (i) In any county or municipality in which tickets are |
| 197 | issued as provided in this section, the names of persons who |
| 198 | have one or more outstanding violations may be included on the |
| 199 | list authorized under s. 316.1967(6). |
| 200 | (j) If the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation |
| 201 | from a traffic enforcement officer at the time of the violation, |
| 202 | a ticket may not be issued pursuant to this section. |
| 203 | (2) The fine imposed pursuant to paragraph (1)(a) or |
| 204 | paragraph (1)(g) shall be retained by the county or municipality |
| 205 | enforcing the ordinance enacted pursuant to this section. |
| 206 | (3) A complaint that a county or municipality is employing |
| 207 | traffic infraction detectors for purposes other than the |
| 208 | promotion of public health, welfare, and safety or in a manner |
| 209 | inconsistent with this section may be submitted to the governing |
| 210 | body of such county or municipality. Such complaints, along with |
| 211 | any investigation and corrective action taken by the county or |
| 212 | municipal governing body, shall be included in the annual report |
| 213 | to the department and in the department's annual summary report |
| 214 | to the Governor, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of |
| 215 | the House Representatives, as required by this section. Based on |
| 216 | its review of the report, the Legislature may exclude a county |
| 217 | or municipality from further participation in the program. |
| 218 | (4)(a) Each county or municipality that operates a traffic |
| 219 | infraction detector shall submit an annual report to the |
| 220 | department that details the results of using the traffic |
| 221 | infraction detector and the procedures for enforcement. |
| 222 | (b) The department shall provide an annual summary report |
| 223 | to the Governor, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of |
| 224 | the House of Representatives regarding the use and operation of |
| 225 | traffic infraction detectors under this section. The summary |
| 226 | report must include a review of the information submitted to the |
| 227 | department by the counties and municipalities and must describe |
| 228 | the enhancement of the traffic safety and enforcement programs. |
| 229 | The department shall report its recommendations, including any |
| 230 | necessary legislation, on or before December 1, 2009, to the |
| 231 | Governor, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the |
| 232 | House of Representatives. |
| 233 | Section 4. Subsection (6) of section 316.0745, Florida |
| 234 | Statutes, is amended to read: |
| 235 | 316.0745 Uniform signals and devices.-- |
| 236 | (6)(a) Any system of traffic control devices controlled |
| 237 | and operated from a remote location by electronic computers or |
| 238 | similar devices must shall meet all requirements established for |
| 239 | the uniform system, and, if where such a system affects systems |
| 240 | affect the movement of traffic on state roads, the design of the |
| 241 | system must shall be reviewed and approved by the Department of |
| 242 | Transportation. |
| 243 | (b) Any traffic infraction detector deployed on the |
| 244 | streets and highways of the state must meet requirements |
| 245 | established by the Department of Transportation and must be |
| 246 | tested at regular intervals according to procedures prescribed |
| 247 | by that department. |
| 248 | Section 5. Subsection (6) of section 316.1967, Florida |
| 249 | Statutes, is amended to read: |
| 250 | 316.1967 Liability for payment of parking ticket |
| 251 | violations and other parking violations.-- |
| 252 | (6) Any county or municipality may provide by ordinance |
| 253 | that the clerk of the court or the traffic violations bureau |
| 254 | shall supply the department with a magnetically encoded computer |
| 255 | tape reel or cartridge or send by other electronic means data |
| 256 | which is machine readable by the installed computer system at |
| 257 | the department, listing persons who have three or more |
| 258 | outstanding parking violations, including violations of s. |
| 259 | 316.1955, or who have one or more outstanding tickets for a |
| 260 | violation of a traffic control signal steady red light |
| 261 | indication issued pursuant an ordinance adopted under s. |
| 262 | 316.0083. Each county shall provide by ordinance that the clerk |
| 263 | of the court or the traffic violations bureau shall supply the |
| 264 | department with a magnetically encoded computer tape reel or |
| 265 | cartridge or send by other electronic means data that is machine |
| 266 | readable by the installed computer system at the department, |
| 267 | listing persons who have any outstanding violations of s. |
| 268 | 316.1955 or any similar local ordinance that regulates parking |
| 269 | in spaces designated for use by persons who have disabilities. |
| 270 | The department shall mark the appropriate registration records |
| 271 | of persons who are so reported. Section 320.03(8) applies to |
| 272 | each person whose name appears on the list. |
| 273 | Section 6. Subsection (8) of section 320.03, Florida |
| 274 | Statutes, reads: |
| 275 | 320.03 Registration; duties of tax collectors; |
| 276 | International Registration Plan.-- |
| 277 | (8) If the applicant's name appears on the list referred |
| 278 | to in s. 316.1001(4), s. 316.1967(6), or s. 713.78(13), a |
| 279 | license plate or revalidation sticker may not be issued until |
| 280 | that person's name no longer appears on the list or until the |
| 281 | person presents a receipt from the clerk showing that the fines |
| 282 | outstanding have been paid. This subsection does not apply to |
| 283 | the owner of a leased vehicle if the vehicle is registered in |
| 284 | the name of the lessee of the vehicle. The tax collector and the |
| 285 | clerk of the court are each entitled to receive monthly, as |
| 286 | costs for implementing and administering this subsection, 10 |
| 287 | percent of the civil penalties and fines recovered from such |
| 288 | persons. As used in this subsection, the term "civil penalties |
| 289 | and fines" does not include a wrecker operator's lien as |
| 290 | described in s. 713.78(13). If the tax collector has private tag |
| 291 | agents, such tag agents are entitled to receive a pro rata share |
| 292 | of the amount paid to the tax collector, based upon the |
| 293 | percentage of license plates and revalidation stickers issued by |
| 294 | the tag agent compared to the total issued within the county. |
| 295 | The authority of any private agent to issue license plates shall |
| 296 | be revoked, after notice and a hearing as provided in chapter |
| 297 | 120, if he or she issues any license plate or revalidation |
| 298 | sticker contrary to the provisions of this subsection. This |
| 299 | section applies only to the annual renewal in the owner's birth |
| 300 | month of a motor vehicle registration and does not apply to the |
| 301 | transfer of a registration of a motor vehicle sold by a motor |
| 302 | vehicle dealer licensed under this chapter, except for the |
| 303 | transfer of registrations which is inclusive of the annual |
| 304 | renewals. This section does not affect the issuance of the title |
| 305 | to a motor vehicle, notwithstanding s. 319.23(7)(b). |
| 306 | Section 7. Section 322.264, Florida Statutes, is amended |
| 307 | to read: |
| 308 | 322.264 "Habitual traffic offender" defined.--A "habitual |
| 309 | traffic offender" is any person whose record, as maintained by |
| 310 | the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, shows that |
| 311 | such person has accumulated the specified number of convictions |
| 312 | for offenses described in subsection (1) or subsection (2) |
| 313 | within a 5-year period or the specified number of convictions |
| 314 | for offenses described in subsection (3) within a 3-year period: |
| 315 | (1) Three or more convictions of any one or more of the |
| 316 | following offenses arising out of separate acts: |
| 317 | (a) Voluntary or involuntary manslaughter resulting from |
| 318 | the operation of a motor vehicle; |
| 319 | (b) Any violation of s. 316.193, former s. 316.1931, or |
| 320 | former s. 860.01; |
| 321 | (c) Any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle |
| 322 | is used; |
| 323 | (d) Driving a motor vehicle while his or her license is |
| 324 | suspended or revoked; |
| 325 | (e) Failing to stop and render aid as required under the |
| 326 | laws of this state in the event of a motor vehicle crash |
| 327 | resulting in the death or personal injury of another; or |
| 328 | (f) Driving a commercial motor vehicle while his or her |
| 329 | privilege is disqualified. |
| 330 | (2) Fifteen convictions for moving traffic offenses for |
| 331 | which points may be assessed as set forth in s. 322.27, |
| 332 | including those offenses in subsection (1). |
| 333 | (3) Three convictions under s. 316.075 for a violation of |
| 334 | a traffic control signal steady red light indication. |
| 335 |
|
| 336 | Any violation of any federal law, any law of another state or |
| 337 | country, or any valid ordinance of a municipality or county of |
| 338 | another state similar to a statutory prohibition specified in |
| 339 | subsection (1), or subsection (2), or subsection (3) shall be |
| 340 | counted as a violation of such prohibition. In computing the |
| 341 | number of convictions, all convictions during the 5 years |
| 342 | previous to July 1, 1972, will be used, provided at least one |
| 343 | conviction occurs after that date. In computing the number of |
| 344 | convictions for offenses listed in subsection (3), all |
| 345 | convictions during the 3 years preceding July 1, 2008, will be |
| 346 | used, provided at least one conviction occurs after that date. |
| 347 | The fact that previous convictions may have resulted in |
| 348 | suspension, revocation, or disqualification under another |
| 349 | section does not exempt them from being used for suspension or |
| 350 | revocation under this section as a habitual offender. |
| 351 | Section 8. For the purpose of incorporating the amendment |
| 352 | made by this act to section 322.264, Florida Statutes, in a |
| 353 | reference thereto, subsection (5) of section 322.27, Florida |
| 354 | Statutes, is reenacted to read: |
| 355 | 322.27 Authority of department to suspend or revoke |
| 356 | license.-- |
| 357 | (5) The department shall revoke the license of any person |
| 358 | designated a habitual offender, as set forth in s. 322.264, and |
| 359 | such person shall not be eligible to be relicensed for a minimum |
| 360 | of 5 years from the date of revocation, except as provided for |
| 361 | in s. 322.271. Any person whose license is revoked may, by |
| 362 | petition to the department, show cause why his or her license |
| 363 | should not be revoked. |
| 364 | Section 9. For the purpose of incorporating the amendment |
| 365 | made by this act to section 322.264, Florida Statutes, in |
| 366 | references thereto, subsections (1), (2), and (5) and paragraph |
| 367 | (a) of subsection (8) of section 322.34, Florida Statutes, are |
| 368 | reenacted to read: |
| 369 | 322.34 Driving while license suspended, revoked, canceled, |
| 370 | or disqualified.-- |
| 371 | (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), any person whose |
| 372 | driver's license or driving privilege has been canceled, |
| 373 | suspended, or revoked, except a "habitual traffic offender" as |
| 374 | defined in s. 322.264, who drives a vehicle upon the highways of |
| 375 | this state while such license or privilege is canceled, |
| 376 | suspended, or revoked is guilty of a moving violation, |
| 377 | punishable as provided in chapter 318. |
| 378 | (2) Any person whose driver's license or driving privilege |
| 379 | has been canceled, suspended, or revoked as provided by law, |
| 380 | except persons defined in s. 322.264, who, knowing of such |
| 381 | cancellation, suspension, or revocation, drives any motor |
| 382 | vehicle upon the highways of this state while such license or |
| 383 | privilege is canceled, suspended, or revoked, upon: |
| 384 | (a) A first conviction is guilty of a misdemeanor of the |
| 385 | second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. |
| 386 | 775.083. |
| 387 | (b) A second conviction is guilty of a misdemeanor of the |
| 388 | first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. |
| 389 | 775.083. |
| 390 | (c) A third or subsequent conviction is guilty of a felony |
| 391 | of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. |
| 392 | 775.083, or s. 775.084. |
| 393 |
|
| 394 | The element of knowledge is satisfied if the person has been |
| 395 | previously cited as provided in subsection (1); or the person |
| 396 | admits to knowledge of the cancellation, suspension, or |
| 397 | revocation; or the person received notice as provided in |
| 398 | subsection (4). There shall be a rebuttable presumption that the |
| 399 | knowledge requirement is satisfied if a judgment or order as |
| 400 | provided in subsection (4) appears in the department's records |
| 401 | for any case except for one involving a suspension by the |
| 402 | department for failure to pay a traffic fine or for a financial |
| 403 | responsibility violation. |
| 404 | (5) Any person whose driver's license has been revoked |
| 405 | pursuant to s. 322.264 (habitual offender) and who drives any |
| 406 | motor vehicle upon the highways of this state while such license |
| 407 | is revoked is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable |
| 408 | as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. |
| 409 | (8)(a) Upon the arrest of a person for the offense of |
| 410 | driving while the person's driver's license or driving privilege |
| 411 | is suspended or revoked, the arresting officer shall determine: |
| 412 | 1. Whether the person's driver's license is suspended or |
| 413 | revoked. |
| 414 | 2. Whether the person's driver's license has remained |
| 415 | suspended or revoked since a conviction for the offense of |
| 416 | driving with a suspended or revoked license. |
| 417 | 3. Whether the suspension or revocation was made under s. |
| 418 | 316.646 or s. 627.733, relating to failure to maintain required |
| 419 | security, or under s. 322.264, relating to habitual traffic |
| 420 | offenders. |
| 421 | 4. Whether the driver is the registered owner or coowner |
| 422 | of the vehicle. |
| 423 | Section 10. If any provision of this act or its |
| 424 | application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the |
| 425 | invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of |
| 426 | this act which can be given effect without the invalid provision |
| 427 | or application, and to this end the provisions of this act are |
| 428 | declared severable. |
| 429 | Section 11. This act shall take effect upon becoming a |
| 430 | law. |