CS for CS for CS for CS for SB 560 First Engrossed
2008560e1
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A bill to be entitled
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An act relating to building code standards; amending s.
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163.04, F.S.; revising provisions authorizing the use of
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solar collectors and other energy devices; amending s.
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163.3177, F.S.; revising requirements for the future land
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use element of a local comprehensive plan to include
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energy-efficient land use patterns and greenhouse gas
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reduction strategies; requiring that the traffic-
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circulation element of a local comprehensive plan
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incorporate transportation strategies to reduce greenhouse
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gas emissions; requiring that the land use map or map
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series contained in the future land use element of a local
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comprehensive plan identify and depict energy
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conservation; requiring that the home element of a local
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comprehensive plan include energy efficiency in the design
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and construction of new housing and use of renewable
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energy resources; providing that certain counties may not
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receive state affordable housing funds under certain
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circumstances; requiring each unit of local government
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within an urbanized area to amend the transportation
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element of a local comprehensive plan to incorporate
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transportation strategies addressing reduction in
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greenhouse gas emissions; amending s. 489.105, F.S.;
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expanding the scope of the definition of "roofing
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contractor" to include contractors performing required
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roof-deck attachments and any repair or replacement of
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wood roof sheathing or fascia as needed during roof repair
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or replacement; amending s. 553.36, F.S.; redefining the
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term "manufactured building" for purposes of the Florida
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Manufactured Building Act to include modular and factory-
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built buildings; amending s. 553.37, F.S.; requiring the
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Department of Community Affairs to adopt rules related to
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the inspection, construction, and modification of
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manufactured buildings; requiring the department to
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develop an insignia to be affixed to newly constructed
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manufactured buildings; authorizing the department to
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charge a fee for the insignia; providing requirements for
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the insignia; requiring the department to develop minimum
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criteria for a manufacturer's data plate; amending s.
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F.S.; requiring the department to require that an insignia
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be affixed to all newly constructed factory-built school
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buildings; providing requirements for the manufacturer's
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data plate; amending s. 553.71, F.S.; providing a
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definition; amending s. 553.73, F.S.; expanding required
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codes to be included in Florida Building Code updates;
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expanding the list of reasons the commission may amend the
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Florida Building Code; providing requirements for the
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retroactive application of parts of the Florida Building
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Code to commercial wireless communications towers;
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amending s. 553.74, F.S.; revising requirements for
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selecting members of the Florida Building Commission;
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revising membership of the commission; deleting obsolete
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provisions; amending s. 553.75, F.S.; authorizing the
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Florida Building Commission to use communications media
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technology in conducting its meetings or meetings held in
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conjunction with commission meetings; providing for public
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comment at meetings of the commission; amending s. 553.77,
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F.S.; authorizing the commission to implement
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recommendations relating to energy efficiency in
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residential and commercial buildings; amending s. 553.775,
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F.S.; authorizing the commission to render declaratory
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statements; amending s. 553.80, F.S.; providing that the
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enforcement of construction regulations relating to secure
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mental health treatment facilities under the jurisdiction
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of the Department of Children and Family Services shall be
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enforced exclusively by the department in conjunction with
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the review authority of the Agency for Health Care
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Administration; amending s. 553.842, F.S.; requiring the
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commission to review the list of product evaluation
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entities; providing reporting requirements; providing for
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rulemaking; designating an entity as an approved
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production evaluation entity until October 1, 2009;
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providing criteria for substitution of approved products
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under certain conditions; providing for the expiration of
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certain product approvals; amending s. 553.844, F.S.;
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revising provisions requiring the adoption of certain
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mitigation techniques by the Florida Building Commission
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within the Florida Building Code for certain structures;
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amending s. 553.885, F.S.; requiring the installation of
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carbon monoxide detectors in certain new hospitals,
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hospice and nursing homes facilities; creating s. 553.886,
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F.S.; requiring that the Florida Building Code facilitate
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and promote the use of certain renewable energy
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technologies in buildings; amending s. 553.901, F.S.;
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requiring the commission to adopt by rule a definition of
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the term "cost-effective"; creating s. 553.9061, F.S.;
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establishing a schedule of required increases in the
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energy performance of buildings subject to the Florida
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Building Code; providing a process for implementing goals
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to increase energy-efficiency performance in new
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buildings; providing a schedule for the implementation of
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such goals; identifying energy-efficiency performance
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options and elements available to meet energy-efficiency
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performance requirements; providing a schedule for the
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review and adoption of renewable energy-efficiency goals
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by the commission; requiring the commission to conduct a
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study to evaluate the energy-efficiency rating of new
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buildings and appliances; requiring the commission to
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submit a report to the President of the Senate and the
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Speaker of the House of Representatives on or before a
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specified date; requiring the commission to conduct a
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study to evaluate opportunities to restructure the Florida
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Energy Code for Building Construction, including the
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integration of the Thermal Efficiency Code, the Energy
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Conservation Standards Act, and the Florida Building
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Energy-Efficiency Rating Act; requiring the commission to
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submit a report to the President of the Senate and the
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Speaker of the House of Representatives on or before a
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specified date; directing the Department of Community
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Affairs, in conjunction with the Florida Energy
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Affordability Council, to identify and review issues
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relating to the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
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and the Weatherization Assistance Program; requiring the
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submission of a report to the President of the Senate and
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the Speaker of the House of Representatives on or before a
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specified date; providing for the expiration of certain
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study requirements; repealing s. 553.731, F.S., relating
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to wind-borne debris protection requirements; providing
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for construction and interpretation of the repeal;
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repealing s. 627.351(6)(a)6., F.S.; providing requirements
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for certain properties to meet building code plus
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requirements as a condition of eligibility for coverage by
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Citizens Property Insurance Corporation; amending s.
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718.113, F.S.; authorizing the board of a condominium or a
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multicondominium to install solar collectors,
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clotheslines, or other energy-efficient devices on
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association property; requiring the Florida Building
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Commission to include certain information in its report to
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the Legislature; providing an effective date.
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Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:
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Section 1. Subsection (2) of section 163.04, Florida
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Statutes, is amended to read:
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163.04 Energy devices based on renewable resources.--
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(2) A deed restriction, covenant, declaration, or similar
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binding agreement may not No deed restrictions, covenants, or
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similar binding agreements running with the land shall prohibit
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or have the effect of prohibiting solar collectors, clotheslines,
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or other energy devices based on renewable resources from being
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installed on buildings erected on the lots or parcels covered by
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the deed restriction, covenant, declaration, or binding agreement
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restrictions, covenants, or binding agreements. A property owner
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may not be denied permission to install solar collectors or other
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energy devices based on renewable resources by any entity granted
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the power or right in any deed restriction, covenant,
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declaration, or similar binding agreement to approve, forbid,
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control, or direct alteration of property with respect to
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residential dwellings and within the boundaries of a condominium
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unit not exceeding three stories in height. For purposes of this
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subsection, Such entity may determine the specific location where
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solar collectors may be installed on the roof within an
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orientation to the south or within 45° east or west of due south
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if provided that such determination does not impair the effective
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operation of the solar collectors.
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Section 2. Paragraphs (a), (b), (d), (f), and (j) of
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subsection (6) of section 163.3177, Florida Statutes, are amended
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to read:
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163.3177 Required and optional elements of comprehensive
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plan; studies and surveys.--
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(6) In addition to the requirements of subsections (1)-(5)
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and (12), the comprehensive plan shall include the following
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elements:
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(a) A future land use plan element designating proposed
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future general distribution, location, and extent of the uses of
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land for residential uses, commercial uses, industry,
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agriculture, recreation, conservation, education, public
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buildings and grounds, other public facilities, and other
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categories of the public and private uses of land. Counties are
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encouraged to designate rural land stewardship areas, pursuant to
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the provisions of paragraph (11)(d), as overlays on the future
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land use map. Each future land use category must be defined in
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terms of uses included, and must include standards to be followed
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in the control and distribution of population densities and
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building and structure intensities. The proposed distribution,
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location, and extent of the various categories of land use shall
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be shown on a land use map or map series which shall be
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supplemented by goals, policies, and measurable objectives. The
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future land use plan shall be based upon surveys, studies, and
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data regarding the area, including the amount of land required to
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accommodate anticipated growth; the projected population of the
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area; the character of undeveloped land; the availability of
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water supplies, public facilities, and services; the need for
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redevelopment, including the renewal of blighted areas and the
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elimination of nonconforming uses which are inconsistent with the
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character of the community; the compatibility of uses on lands
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adjacent to or closely proximate to military installations; the
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discouragement of urban sprawl; energy-efficient land use
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patterns accounting for existing and future electric power
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generation and transmission systems; greenhouse gas reduction
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strategies; and, in rural communities, the need for job creation,
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capital investment, and economic development that will strengthen
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and diversify the community's economy. The future land use plan
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may designate areas for future planned development use involving
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combinations of types of uses for which special regulations may
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be necessary to ensure development in accord with the principles
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and standards of the comprehensive plan and this act. The future
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land use plan element shall include criteria to be used to
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achieve the compatibility of adjacent or closely proximate lands
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with military installations. In addition, for rural communities,
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the amount of land designated for future planned industrial use
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shall be based upon surveys and studies that reflect the need for
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job creation, capital investment, and the necessity to strengthen
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and diversify the local economies, and shall not be limited
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solely by the projected population of the rural community. The
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future land use plan of a county may also designate areas for
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possible future municipal incorporation. The land use maps or map
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series shall generally identify and depict historic district
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boundaries and shall designate historically significant
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properties meriting protection. For coastal counties, the future
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land use element must include, without limitation, regulatory
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incentives and criteria that encourage the preservation of
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recreational and commercial working waterfronts as defined in s.
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342.07. The future land use element must clearly identify the
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land use categories in which public schools are an allowable use.
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When delineating the land use categories in which public schools
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are an allowable use, a local government shall include in the
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categories sufficient land proximate to residential development
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to meet the projected needs for schools in coordination with
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public school boards and may establish differing criteria for
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schools of different type or size. Each local government shall
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include lands contiguous to existing school sites, to the maximum
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extent possible, within the land use categories in which public
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schools are an allowable use. The failure by a local government
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to comply with these school siting requirements will result in
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the prohibition of the local government's ability to amend the
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local comprehensive plan, except for plan amendments described in
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s. 163.3187(1)(b), until the school siting requirements are met.
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Amendments proposed by a local government for purposes of
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identifying the land use categories in which public schools are
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an allowable use are exempt from the limitation on the frequency
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of plan amendments contained in s. 163.3187. The future land use
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element shall include criteria that encourage the location of
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schools proximate to urban residential areas to the extent
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possible and shall require that the local government seek to
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collocate public facilities, such as parks, libraries, and
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community centers, with schools to the extent possible and to
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encourage the use of elementary schools as focal points for
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neighborhoods. For schools serving predominantly rural counties,
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defined as a county with a population of 100,000 or fewer, an
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agricultural land use category shall be eligible for the location
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of public school facilities if the local comprehensive plan
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contains school siting criteria and the location is consistent
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with such criteria. Local governments required to update or amend
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their comprehensive plan to include criteria and address
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compatibility of adjacent or closely proximate lands with
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existing military installations in their future land use plan
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element shall transmit the update or amendment to the department
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by June 30, 2006.
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(b) A traffic circulation element consisting of the types,
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locations, and extent of existing and proposed major
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thoroughfares and transportation routes, including bicycle and
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pedestrian ways. Transportation corridors, as defined in s.
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334.03, may be designated in the traffic circulation element
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pursuant to s. 337.273. If the transportation corridors are
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designated, the local government may adopt a transportation
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corridor management ordinance. The traffic circulation element
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shall incorporate transportation strategies to address reduction
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in greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector.
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(d) A conservation element for the conservation, use, and
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protection of natural resources in the area, including air,
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water, water recharge areas, wetlands, waterwells, estuarine
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marshes, soils, beaches, shores, flood plains, rivers, bays,
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lakes, harbors, forests, fisheries and wildlife, marine habitat,
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minerals, and other natural and environmental resources,
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including factors that affect energy conservation. Local
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governments shall assess their current, as well as projected,
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water needs and sources for at least a 10-year period,
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considering the appropriate regional water supply plan approved
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pursuant to s. 373.0361, or, in the absence of an approved
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regional water supply plan, the district water management plan
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approved pursuant to s. 373.036(2). This information shall be
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submitted to the appropriate agencies. The land use map or map
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series contained in the future land use element shall generally
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identify and depict the following:
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1. Existing and planned waterwells and cones of influence
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where applicable.
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2. Beaches and shores, including estuarine systems.
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3. Rivers, bays, lakes, flood plains, and harbors.
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4. Wetlands.
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5. Minerals and soils.
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6. Energy conservation.
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The land uses identified on such maps shall be consistent with
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applicable state law and rules.
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(f)1. A housing element consisting of standards, plans, and
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principles to be followed in:
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a. The provision of housing for all current and anticipated
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future residents of the jurisdiction.
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b. The elimination of substandard dwelling conditions.
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c. The structural and aesthetic improvement of existing
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housing.
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d. The provision of adequate sites for future housing,
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including affordable workforce housing as defined in s.
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380.0651(3)(j), housing for low-income, very low-income, and
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moderate-income families, mobile homes, and group home facilities
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and foster care facilities, with supporting infrastructure and
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public facilities.
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e. Provision for relocation housing and identification of
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historically significant and other housing for purposes of
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conservation, rehabilitation, or replacement.
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f. The formulation of housing implementation programs.
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g. The creation or preservation of affordable housing to
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minimize the need for additional local services and avoid the
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concentration of affordable housing units only in specific areas
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of the jurisdiction.
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h. Energy efficiency in the design and construction of new
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housing.
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i. Use of renewable energy resources.
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j. h. By July 1, 2008, Each county in which the gap between
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the buying power of a family of four and the median county home
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sale price exceeds $170,000, as determined by the Florida Housing
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Finance Corporation, and which is not designated as an area of
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critical state concern shall adopt a plan for ensuring affordable
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workforce housing. At a minimum, the plan shall identify adequate
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sites for such housing. For purposes of this sub-subparagraph,
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the term "workforce housing" means housing that is affordable to
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natural persons or families whose total household income does not
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exceed 140 percent of the area median income, adjusted for
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household size.
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k. As a precondition to receiving any state affordable
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housing funding or allocation for any project or program within
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the jurisdiction of a county that is subject to sub-subparagraph
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j., a county must, by July 1 of each year, provide certification
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that the county has complied with the requirements of sub-
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subparagraph j.
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i. Failure by a local government to comply with the
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requirement in sub-subparagraph h. will result in the local
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government being ineligible to receive any state housing
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assistance grants until the requirement of sub-subparagraph h. is
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met.
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The goals, objectives, and policies of the housing element must
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be based on the data and analysis prepared on housing needs,
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including the affordable housing needs assessment. State and
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federal housing plans prepared on behalf of the local government
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must be consistent with the goals, objectives, and policies of
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the housing element. Local governments are encouraged to use
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utilize job training, job creation, and economic solutions to
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address a portion of their affordable housing concerns.
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2. To assist local governments in housing data collection
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and analysis and assure uniform and consistent information
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regarding the state's housing needs, the state land planning
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agency shall conduct an affordable housing needs assessment for
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all local jurisdictions on a schedule that coordinates the
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implementation of the needs assessment with the evaluation and
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appraisal reports required by s. 163.3191. Each local government
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shall utilize the data and analysis from the needs assessment as
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one basis for the housing element of its local comprehensive
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plan. The agency shall allow a local government the option to
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perform its own needs assessment, if it uses the methodology
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established by the agency by rule.
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(j) For each unit of local government within an urbanized
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area designated for purposes of s. 339.175, a transportation
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element, which shall be prepared and adopted in lieu of the
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requirements of paragraph (b) and paragraphs (7)(a), (b), (c),
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and (d) and which shall address the following issues:
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1. Traffic circulation, including major thoroughfares and
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other routes, including bicycle and pedestrian ways.
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2. All alternative modes of travel, such as public
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transportation, pedestrian, and bicycle travel.
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3. Parking facilities.
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4. Aviation, rail, seaport facilities, access to those
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facilities, and intermodal terminals.
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5. The availability of facilities and services to serve
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existing land uses and the compatibility between future land use
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and transportation elements.
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6. The capability to evacuate the coastal population prior
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to an impending natural disaster.
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7. Airports, projected airport and aviation development,
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and land use compatibility around airports.
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8. An identification of land use densities, building
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intensities, and transportation management programs to promote
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public transportation systems in designated public transportation
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corridors so as to encourage population densities sufficient to
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support such systems.
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9. May include transportation corridors, as defined in s.
379
334.03, intended for future transportation facilities designated
380
pursuant to s. 337.273. If transportation corridors are
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designated, the local government may adopt a transportation
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corridor management ordinance.
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10. The incorporation of transportation strategies to
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address reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the
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transportation sector.
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Section 3. Paragraph (e) of subsection (3) of section
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489.105, Florida Statutes, is amended to read:
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489.105 Definitions.--As used in this part:
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(3) "Contractor" means the person who is qualified for, and
390
shall only be responsible for, the project contracted for and
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means, except as exempted in this part, the person who, for
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compensation, undertakes to, submits a bid to, or does himself or
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herself or by others construct, repair, alter, remodel, add to,
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demolish, subtract from, or improve any building or structure,
395
including related improvements to real estate, for others or for
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resale to others; and whose job scope is substantially similar to
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the job scope described in one of the subsequent paragraphs of
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this subsection. For the purposes of regulation under this part,
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"demolish" applies only to demolition of steel tanks over 50 feet
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in height; towers over 50 feet in height; other structures over
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50 feet in height, other than buildings or residences over three
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stories tall; and buildings or residences over three stories
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tall. Contractors are subdivided into two divisions, Division I,
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consisting of those contractors defined in paragraphs (a)-(c),
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and Division II, consisting of those contractors defined in
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paragraphs (d)-(q):
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(e) "Roofing contractor" means a contractor whose services
408
are unlimited in the roofing trade and who has the experience,
409
knowledge, and skill to install, maintain, repair, alter, extend,
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or design, when not prohibited by law, and use materials and
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items used in the installation, maintenance, extension, and
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alteration of all kinds of roofing, waterproofing, and coating,
413
except when coating is not represented to protect, repair,
414
waterproof, stop leaks, or extend the life of the roof. The scope
415
of work of a roofing contractor also includes required roof-deck
416
attachments and any repair or replacement of wood roof sheathing
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or fascia as needed during roof repair or replacement.
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Section 4. Subsection (13) of section 553.36, Florida
419
Statutes, is amended to read:
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553.36 Definitions.--The definitions contained in this
421
section govern the construction of this part unless the context
422
otherwise requires.
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(13) "Manufactured building", "modular building," or
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"factory-built building" means a closed structure, building
425
assembly, or system of subassemblies, which may include
426
structural, electrical, plumbing, heating, ventilating, or other
427
service systems manufactured in manufacturing facilities for
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installation or erection as a finished building or as part of a
429
finished building, which shall include, but not be limited to,
430
residential, commercial, institutional, storage, and industrial
431
structures. The term includes buildings not intended for human
432
habitation such as lawn storage buildings and storage sheds
433
manufactured and assembled offsite by a manufacturer certified in
434
conformance with this part. This part does not apply to mobile
435
homes.
436
Section 5. Section 553.37, Florida Statutes, is amended to
437
read:
438
553.37 Rules; inspections; and insignia.--
439
(1) The Florida Building Commission shall adopt within the
440
Florida Building Code requirements for construction or
441
modification of manufactured buildings and building modules, to
442
address:
443
(a) Submittal to and approval by the department of
444
manufacturers' drawings and specifications, including any
445
amendments.
446
(b) Submittal to and approval by the department of
447
manufacturers' internal quality control procedures and manuals,
448
including any amendments.
449
(c) Minimum inspection criteria. Procedures and
450
qualifications for approval of third-party plan review and
451
inspection entities and of those who perform inspections and plan
452
reviews.
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(2) The department shall adopt rules to address:
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(a) Procedures and qualifications for approval of third-
455
party plan review and inspection agencies and of those who
456
perform inspections and plan reviews.
457
(b)(d) Investigation of consumer complaints of
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noncompliance of manufactured buildings with the Florida Building
459
Code and the Florida Fire Prevention Code.
460
(c)(e) Issuance, cancellation, and revocation of any
461
insignia issued by the department and procedures for auditing and
462
accounting for disposition of them.
463
(d)(f) Monitoring the manufacturers', inspection agencies'
464
entities', and plan review agencies' entities' compliance with
465
this part and the Florida Building Code. Monitoring may include,
466
but is not limited to, performing audits of plans, inspections of
467
manufacturing facilities and observation of the manufacturing and
468
inspection process, and onsite inspections of buildings.
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(e)(g) The performance by the department of any other
470
functions required by this part.
471
(3)(2) After the effective date of the Florida Building
472
Code, no manufactured building, except as provided in subsection
473
(12) (11), may be installed in this state unless it is approved
474
and bears the insignia of approval of the department and a
475
manufacturer's data plate. Approvals issued by the department
476
under the provisions of the prior part shall be deemed to comply
477
with the requirements of this part.
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(4)(3) All manufactured buildings issued and bearing
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insignia of approval pursuant to subsection (3) (2) shall be
480
deemed to comply with the Florida Building Code and are exempt
481
from local amendments enacted by any local government.
482
(5)(4) No manufactured building bearing department insignia
483
of approval pursuant to subsection (3) (2) shall be in any way
484
modified prior to installation, except in conformance with the
485
Florida Building Code.
486
(6)(5) Manufactured buildings which have been issued and
487
bear the insignia of approval pursuant to this part upon
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manufacture or first sale shall not require an additional
489
approval or insignia by a local government in which they are
490
subsequently sold or installed. Buildings or structures that meet
491
the definition of "open construction" are subject to permitting
492
by the local jurisdiction and are not required to bear insignia.
493
(7)(6) If the department Florida Building Commission
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determines that the standards for construction and inspection of
495
manufactured buildings prescribed by statute or rule of another
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state are at least equal to the Florida Building Code and that
497
such standards are actually enforced by such other state, it may
498
provide by rule that the manufactured building which has been
499
inspected and approved by such other state shall be deemed to
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have been approved by the department and shall authorize the
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affixing of the appropriate insignia of approval.
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(8)(7) The department Florida Building Commission, by rule,
503
shall establish a schedule of fees to pay the cost of incurred by
504
the department for the work related to administration and
505
enforcement of this part.
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(9)(8) The department may delegate its enforcement
507
authority to a state department having building construction
508
responsibilities or a local government. The department may
509
delegate its plan review and inspection authority to one or more
510
of the following in any combination:
511
(a) A state department having building construction
512
responsibilities;,
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(b) A local government;,
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(c) An approved inspection agency;,
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(d) An approved plan review agency;, or
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(e) An agency of another state.
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(9) If the commission delegates its inspection authority to
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third-party approved inspection agencies, manufacturers must have
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one, and only one, inspection agency responsible for inspection
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of a manufactured building, module, or component at all times.
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(10) The department shall develop an insignia to be affixed
522
to all newly constructed buildings by the manufacturer or the
523
inspection agency prior to the building leaving the plant. The
524
department may charge a fee for issuing such insignias. Such
525
insignias shall bear the department's name, the state seal, an
526
identification number unique to that insignia, and such other
527
information as the department may require by rule. If the
528
commission delegates its inspection authority to third-party
529
approved plan review agencies, manufacturers must have one, and
530
only one, plan review agency responsible for review of plans of a
531
manufactured building, module, or component at all times.
532
(11) The department shall by rule develop minimum criteria
533
for manufacturer's data that must be affixed to all newly
534
constructed buildings by the manufacturer prior to the building
535
leaving the plant. Custom or one-of-a-kind prototype manufactured
536
buildings shall not be required to have state approval but must
537
comply with all local requirements of the governmental agency
538
having jurisdiction at the installation site.
539
Section 6. Subsections (1) and (3) of section 553.381,
540
Florida Statutes, are amended to read:
541
553.381 Manufacturer certification.--
542
(1) Before manufacturing buildings to be located within
543
this state or selling manufactured buildings within this state,
544
whichever occurs later, a manufacturer must be certified by the
545
department. The department shall certify a manufacturer upon
546
receipt from the manufacturer and approval and verification by
547
the department of the following:
548
(a) The manufacturer's internal quality control procedures
549
and manuals, including any amendments;
550
(b) Evidence that the manufacturer has product liability
551
insurance for the safety and welfare of the public in amounts
552
determined by rule of the department commission; and
553
(c) The fee established by the department commission under
555
(3) Certification of manufacturers under this section shall
556
be for a period of 3 years, subject to renewal by the
557
manufacturer. Upon application for renewal, the manufacturer must
558
submit the information described in subsection (1) or a sworn
559
statement that there has been no change in the status or content
560
of that information since the manufacturer's last submittal. Fees
561
for renewal of manufacturers' certification shall be established
562
by the department commission by rule.
563
Section 7. Subsections (11) and (12) of section 553.415,
564
Florida Statutes, are amended to read:
565
553.415 Factory-built school buildings.--
566
(11) The department shall require that an insignia bearing
567
the department's name and state seal and a manufacturer's data
568
plate develop a unique identification label to be affixed to all
569
newly constructed factory-built school buildings and existing
570
factory-built school buildings which have been brought into
571
compliance with the standards for existing "satisfactory"
572
buildings pursuant to chapter 5 of the Uniform Code for Public
573
Educational Facilities, and after March 1, 2002, the Florida
574
Building Code. The department may charge a fee for issuing such
575
insignias labels. The manufacturer's data plate Such labels,
576
bearing the department's name and state seal, shall, at a
577
minimum, contain:
578
(a) The name of the manufacturer.
579
(b) The standard plan approval number or alteration number.
580
(c) The date of manufacture or alteration.
581
(d) The serial or other identification number.
582
(e) The following designed-for loads: lbs. per square foot
583
live load; lbs. per square foot floor live load; lbs. per square
584
foot horizontal wind load; and lbs. per square foot wind uplift
585
load.
586
(f) The designed-for flood zone usage.
587
(g) The designed-for wind zone usage.
588
(h) The designed-for enhanced hurricane protection zone
589
usage: yes or no.
590
(12) Such insignia and data plate identification label
591
shall be permanently affixed by the manufacturer in the case of
592
newly constructed factory-built school buildings, or by the
593
department or its designee in the case of an existing factory-
594
built building altered to comply with provisions of s. 1013.20.
595
Section 8. Subsection (11) is added to section 553.71,
596
Florida Statutes, to read:
597
553.71 Definitions.--As used in this part, the term:
598
(11) "Temporary" includes, but is not limited to, buildings
599
identified by, but not designated as permanent structures on, an
600
approved development order.
601
Section 9. Paragraph (a) of subsection (6) and subsection
602
(7) of section 553.73, Florida Statutes, are amended, and
603
subsection (13) is added to that section, to read:
604
553.73 Florida Building Code.--
605
(6)(a) The commission, by rule adopted pursuant to ss.
607
every 3 years. When updating the Florida Building Code, the
608
commission shall select the most current version of the
609
International Building Code, the International Fuel Gas Code, the
610
International Mechanical Code, the International Plumbing Code,
611
and the International Residential Code, all of which are adopted
612
by the International Code Council, and the National Electrical
613
Code, which is adopted by the National Fire Protection
614
Association, to form the foundation codes of the updated Florida
615
Building Code, if the version has been adopted by the applicable
616
model code entity and made available to the public at least 6
617
months prior to its selection by the commission. The commission
618
shall select the most current version of the International Energy
619
Conservation Code as a foundation code if the code is modified by
620
the commission to maintain the compliance methods and policies,
621
without diminishing the building component efficiencies, of the
622
Florida Energy Efficiency Code for Building Construction adopted
623
and amended pursuant to s. 553.901.
624
(7) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (3) or
625
subsection (6), the commission may address issues identified in
626
this subsection by amending the code pursuant only to the rule
627
adoption procedures contained in chapter 120. Provisions of the
628
Florida Building Code, including those contained in referenced
629
standards and criteria, relating to wind resistance or the
630
prevention of water intrusion may not be amended pursuant to this
631
subsection to diminish those construction requirements; however,
632
the commission may, subject to conditions in this subsection,
633
amend the provisions to enhance those construction requirements.
634
Following the approval of any amendments to the Florida Building
635
Code by the commission and publication of the amendments on the
636
commission's website, authorities having jurisdiction to enforce
637
the Florida Building Code may enforce the amendments. The
638
commission may approve amendments that are needed to address:
639
(a) Conflicts within the updated code;
640
(b) Conflicts between the updated code and the Florida Fire
641
Prevention Code adopted pursuant to chapter 633;
642
(c) The omission of previously adopted Florida-specific
643
amendments to the updated code if such omission is not supported
644
by a specific recommendation of a technical advisory committee or
645
particular action by the commission;
646
(d) Unintended results from the integration of previously
647
adopted Florida-specific amendments with the model code; or
648
(e) Changes to federal or state law; or.
649
(f) Adoption of an updated edition of the National
650
Electrical Code if the commission finds that delay of
651
implementing the updated edition causes undue hardship to
652
stakeholders or otherwise threatens the public health, safety,
653
and welfare.
654
(13) The general provisions of the Florida Building Code
655
for buildings and other structures shall not apply to commercial
656
wireless communication towers when such general provisions are
657
inconsistent with the provisions of the code controlling radio
658
and television towers. This subsection is intended to be remedial
659
in nature and to clarify existing law.
660
Section 10. Subsections (1) and (2) of section 553.74,
661
Florida Statutes, are amended to read:
662
553.74 Florida Building Commission.--
663
(1) The Florida Building Commission is created and shall be
664
located within the Department of Community Affairs for
665
administrative purposes. Members shall be appointed by the
666
Governor subject to confirmation by the Senate. The commission
667
shall be composed of 25 23 members, consisting of the following:
668
(a) One architect registered to practice in this state and
669
actively engaged in the profession. The American Institute of
670
Architects, Florida Section, is encouraged to recommend a list of
671
candidates for consideration.
672
(b) One structural engineer registered to practice in this
673
state and actively engaged in the profession. The Florida
674
Engineering Society is encouraged to recommend a list of
675
candidates for consideration.
676
(c) One air-conditioning or mechanical contractor certified
677
to do business in this state and actively engaged in the
678
profession. The Florida Air Conditioning Contractors Association,
679
the Florida Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Contractors
680
Association, and the Mechanical Contractors Association of
681
Florida are encouraged to recommend a list of candidates for
682
consideration.
683
(d) One electrical contractor certified to do business in
684
this state and actively engaged in the profession. The Florida
685
Electrical Contractors Association and the National Electrical
686
Contractors Association, Florida Chapter, are encouraged to
687
recommend a list of candidates for consideration.
688
(e) One member from fire protection engineering or
689
technology who is actively engaged in the profession. The Florida
690
Chapter of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers and the
691
Florida Fire Marshals and Inspectors Association are encouraged
692
to recommend a list of candidates for consideration.
693
(f) One general contractor certified to do business in this
694
state and actively engaged in the profession. The Associated
695
Builders and Contractors of Florida, the Florida Associated
696
General Contractors Council, and the Union Contractors
697
Association are encouraged to recommend a list of candidates for
698
consideration.
699
(g) One plumbing contractor licensed to do business in this
700
state and actively engaged in the profession. The Florida
701
Association of Plumbing, Heating, and Cooling Contractors is
702
encouraged to recommend a list of candidates for consideration.
703
(h) One roofing or sheet metal contractor certified to do
704
business in this state and actively engaged in the profession.
705
The Florida Roofing, Sheet Metal, and Air Conditioning
706
Contractors Association and the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning
707
Contractors National Association are encouraged to recommend a
708
list of candidates for consideration.
709
(i) One residential contractor licensed to do business in
710
this state and actively engaged in the profession. The Florida
711
Home Builders Association is encouraged to recommend a list of
712
candidates for consideration.
713
(j) Three members who are municipal or district codes
714
enforcement officials, one of whom is also a fire official. The
715
Building Officials Association of Florida and the Florida Fire
716
Marshals and Inspectors Association are encouraged to recommend a
717
list of candidates for consideration.
718
(k) One member who represents the Department of Financial
719
Services.
720
(l) One member who is a county codes enforcement official.
721
The Building Officials Association of Florida is encouraged to
722
recommend a list of candidates for consideration.
723
(m) One member of a Florida-based organization of persons
724
with disabilities or a nationally chartered organization of
725
persons with disabilities with chapters in this state.
726
(n) One member of the manufactured buildings industry who
727
is licensed to do business in this state and is actively engaged
728
in the industry. The Florida Manufactured Housing Association is
729
encouraged to recommend a list of candidates for consideration.
730
(o) One mechanical or electrical engineer registered to
731
practice in this state and actively engaged in the profession.
732
The Florida Engineering Society is encouraged to recommend a list
733
of candidates for consideration.
734
(p) One member who is a representative of a municipality or
735
a charter county. The Florida League of Cities and the Florida
736
Association of Counties are encouraged to recommend a list of
737
candidates for consideration.
738
(q) One member of the building products manufacturing
739
industry who is authorized to do business in this state and is
740
actively engaged in the industry. The Florida Building Material
741
Association, the Florida Concrete and Products Association, and
742
the Fenestration Manufacturers Association are encouraged to
743
recommend a list of candidates for consideration.
744
(r) One member who is a representative of the building
745
owners and managers industry who is actively engaged in
746
commercial building ownership or management. The Building Owners
747
and Managers Association is encouraged to recommend a list of
748
candidates for consideration.
749
(s) One member who is a representative of the insurance
750
industry. The Florida Insurance Council is encouraged to
751
recommend a list of candidates for consideration.
752
(t) One member who is a representative of public education.
753
(u) One member who is a swimming pool contractor licensed
754
to do business in this state and actively engaged in the
755
profession. The Florida Swimming Pool Association and the United
756
Pool and Spa Association are encouraged to recommend a list of
757
candidates for consideration shall be the chair.
758
(v) One member who is a representative of the green
759
building industry and who is a third-party commission agent, a
760
Florida board member of the United States Green Building Council
761
or Green Building Initiative, or a LEED-accredited professional.
762
(w) One member who shall be the chair.
763
764
Any person serving on the commission under paragraph (c) or
765
paragraph (h) on October 1, 2003, and who has served less than
766
two full terms is eligible for reappointment to the commission
767
regardless of whether he or she meets the new qualification.
768
(2) All appointments shall be for terms of 4 years, except
769
that of the chair who shall serve at the pleasure of the
770
Governor. Each person who is a member of the Board of Building
771
Codes and Standards on the effective date of this act shall serve
772
the remainder of their term as a member of the Florida Building
773
Commission. Except for the chair, newly created positions on the
774
Florida Building Commission shall be appointed after February 1,
775
1999. A vacancy shall be filled for the remainder of the
776
unexpired term. Any member who shall, during his or her term,
777
cease to meet the qualifications for original appointment,
778
through ceasing to be a practicing member of the profession
779
indicated or otherwise, shall thereby forfeit membership on the
780
commission.
781
Section 11. Section 553.75, Florida Statutes, is amended to
782
read:
783
553.75 Organization of commission; rules and regulations;
784
meetings; staff; fiscal affairs; public comment.--
785
(1) The commission shall meet on call of the secretary. The
786
commission shall annually elect from its appointive members such
787
officers as it may choose.
788
(2) The commission shall meet at the call of its chair, at
789
the request of a majority of its membership, at the request of
790
the department, or at such times as may be prescribed by its
791
rules. The members shall be notified in writing of the time and
792
place of a regular or special meeting at least 7 days in advance
793
of the meeting. A majority of members of the commission shall
794
constitute a quorum.
795
(3) The department shall be responsible for the provision
796
of administrative and staff support services relating to the
797
functions of the commission. With respect to matters within the
798
jurisdiction of the commission, the department shall be
799
responsible for the implementation and faithful discharge of all
800
decisions of the commission made pursuant to its authority under
801
the provisions of this part. The department is specifically
802
authorized to use communications media technology in conducting
803
meetings of the commission or any meetings held in conjunction
804
with meetings of the commission.
805
(4) Meetings of the commission shall be conducted so as to
806
encourage participation by interested persons in attendance. At a
807
minimum, the commission shall provide one opportunity for
808
interested members of the public in attendance at a meeting to
809
comment on each proposed action of the commission before a final
810
vote is taken on any motion.
811
Section 12. Present subsection (5) of section 553.77,
812
Florida Statutes, is renumbered as subsection (6), and a new
813
subsection (5) is added to that section, to read:
814
553.77 Specific powers of the commission.--
815
(5) The commission may implement its recommendations
816
delivered pursuant to subsection (2) of section 48 of chapter
817
2007-73, Laws of Florida, by amending the Florida Energy
818
Efficiency Code for Building Construction as provided in s.
819
820
Section 13. Subsection (5) of section 553.775, Florida
821
Statutes, is amended to read:
822
553.775 Interpretations.--
823
(5) The commission may render declaratory statements in
824
accordance with s. 120.565 relating to the provisions of the
825
Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction not
826
attributable to the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility
827
Guidelines. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section,
828
the Florida Accessibility Code for Building Construction and
829
chapter 11 of the Florida Building Code may not be interpreted
830
by, and are not subject to review under, any of the procedures
831
specified in this section. This subsection has no effect upon the
832
commission's authority to waive the Florida Accessibility Code
833
for Building Construction as provided by s. 553.512.
834
Section 14. Paragraph (g) is added to subsection (1) of
835
section 553.80, Florida Statutes, to read:
836
553.80 Enforcement.--
837
(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)-(g) (a)-(f), each
838
local government and each legally constituted enforcement
839
district with statutory authority shall regulate building
840
construction and, where authorized in the state agency's enabling
841
legislation, each state agency shall enforce the Florida Building
842
Code required by this part on all public or private buildings,
843
structures, and facilities, unless such responsibility has been
844
delegated to another unit of government pursuant to s. 553.79(9).
845
(g) Construction regulations relating to secure mental
846
health treatment facilities under the jurisdiction of the
847
Department of Children and Family Services shall be enforced
848
exclusively by the department in conjunction with the Agency for
849
Health Care Administration's review authority under paragraph
850
(c).
851
852
The governing bodies of local governments may provide a schedule
854
section, for the enforcement of the provisions of this part. Such
855
fees shall be used solely for carrying out the local government's
856
responsibilities in enforcing the Florida Building Code. The
857
authority of state enforcing agencies to set fees for enforcement
858
shall be derived from authority existing on July 1, 1998.
859
However, nothing contained in this subsection shall operate to
860
limit such agencies from adjusting their fee schedule in
861
conformance with existing authority.
862
Section 15. Subsection (17) is added to section 553.842,
863
Florida Statutes, to read:
864
553.842 Product evaluation and approval.--
865
(17)(a) The Florida Building Commission shall review the
866
list of evaluation entities in subsection (8) and, in the annual
867
report required under s. 553.77, shall either recommend
868
amendments to the list to add evaluation entities the commission
869
determines should be authorized to perform product evaluations or
870
shall report on the criteria adopted by rule or to be adopted by
871
rule allowing the commission to approve evaluation entities that
872
use the commission's product evaluation process. If the
873
commission adopts criteria by rule, the rulemaking process must
874
be completed by July 1, 2009.
875
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (8)(a), the International
876
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials Evaluation
877
Services is approved as an evaluation entity until October 1,
878
2009. If the association does not obtain permanent approval by
879
the commission as an evaluation entity by October 1, 2009,
880
products approved on the basis of an association evaluation must
881
be substituted by an alternative, approved entity by December 31,
882
2009, and on January 1, 2010, any product approval issued by the
883
commission based on an association evaluation is void.
884
Section 16. Paragraph (b) of subsection (2) of section
885
553.844, Florida Statutes, is amended to read:
886
553.844 Windstorm loss mitigation; requirements for roofs
887
and opening protection.--
888
(2) The Florida Building Commission shall:
889
(b) Develop and adopt within the Florida Building Code a
890
means to incorporate recognized mitigation techniques for site-
891
built, single-family residential structures constructed before
892
prior to the implementation of the Florida Building Code,
893
including, but not limited to:
894
1. Prescriptive techniques for the installation of gable-
895
end bracing;
896
2. Secondary water barriers for roofs and standards
897
relating to secondary water barriers. The criteria may include,
898
but need not be limited to, roof shape, slope, and composition of
899
all elements of the roof system. The criteria may not be limited
900
to one method or material for a secondary water barrier;
901
3. Prescriptive techniques for improvement of roof-to-wall
902
connections. The Legislature recognizes that the cost of
903
retrofitting existing buildings to meet the code requirements for
904
new construction in this regard may exceed the practical benefit
905
to be attained. The Legislature intends for the commission to
906
provide for the integration of alternate, lower-cost means that
907
may be employed to retrofit existing buildings that are not
908
otherwise required to comply with the requirements of the Florida
909
Building Code for new construction so that the cost of such
910
improvements does not exceed approximately 15 percent of the cost
911
of reroofing. Roof-to-wall connections shall not be required
912
unless evaluation and installation of connections at gable ends
913
or all corners can be completed for 15 percent of the cost of
914
roof replacement. For houses that have both hip and gable roof
915
ends, the priority shall be to retrofit the gable end roof-to-
916
wall connections unless the width of the hip is more than 1.5
917
times greater than the width of the gable end. Priority shall be
918
given to connecting the corners of roofs to walls below the
919
locations at which the spans of the roofing members are greatest;
920
4. Strengthening or correcting roof-decking attachments and
921
fasteners during reroofing; and
922
5. Adding or strengthening opening protections.
923
Section 17. Subsection (1) of section 553.885, Florida
924
Statutes, is amended to read:
925
553.885 Carbon monoxide alarm required.--
926
(1) Every building, other than a hospital, an inpatient
927
hospice facility, or a nursing home facility licensed by the
928
Agency for Health Care Administration, for which a building
929
permit is issued for new construction on or after July 1, 2008,
930
and having a fossil-fuel-burning heater or appliance, a
931
fireplace, or an attached garage shall have an approved
932
operational carbon monoxide alarm installed within 10 feet of
933
each room used for sleeping purposes. For a new hospital, an
934
inpatient hospice facility, or a nursing home facility licensed
935
by the Agency for Health Care Administration, an approved
936
operational carbon monoxide detector shall be installed inside or
937
directly outside of each room or area within the hospital or
938
facility were a fossil-fuel burning heater, engine, or appliance
939
is located. This detector shall be connected to the fire-alarm
940
system of the hospital or facility as a supervisory signal.
941
Section 18. Section 553.886, Florida Statutes, is created
942
to read:
943
553.886 Energy-efficiency technologies.--The provisions of
944
the Florida Building Code must facilitate and promote the use of
945
cost-effective energy conservation, energy-demand management, and
946
renewable energy technologies in buildings.
947
Section 19. Section 553.901, Florida Statutes, is amended
948
to read:
949
553.901 Purpose of thermal efficiency code.--The Department
950
of Community Affairs shall prepare a thermal efficiency code to
951
provide for a statewide uniform standard for energy efficiency in
952
the thermal design and operation of all buildings statewide,
953
consistent with energy conservation goals, and to best provide
954
for public safety, health, and general welfare. The Florida
955
Building Commission shall adopt the Florida Energy Efficiency
956
Code for Building Construction within the Florida Building Code,
957
and shall modify, revise, update, and maintain the code to
958
implement the provisions of this thermal efficiency code and
959
amendments thereto, in accordance with the procedures of chapter
960
120. The department shall, at least triennially, determine the
961
most cost-effective energy-saving equipment and techniques
962
available and report its determinations to the commission, which
963
shall update the code to incorporate such equipment and
964
techniques. The proposed changes shall be made available for
965
public review and comment no later than 6 months prior to code
966
implementation. Before initiating rulemaking for amendments to
967
the Florida Energy Efficiency Code for Building Construction, the
968
commission shall adopt by rule a definition of the term "cost-
969
effective," for the purposes of this part, which shall include
970
the criteria and measures to be used by the commission to
971
evaluate proposed amendments shall be construed to mean cost-
972
effective to the consumer.
973
Section 20. Section 553.9061, Florida Statutes, is created
974
to read:
975
553.9061 Scheduled increases in thermal efficiency
976
standards.--
977
(1) This section establishes a schedule of required
978
increases in the energy-efficiency performance of buildings that
979
are subject to the requirements for energy efficiency as
980
contained in the current edition of the Florida Building Code.
981
The Florida Building Commission shall implement the following
982
energy-efficiency goals using the triennial code-adoption process
983
established for updates to the Florida Building Code in s.
984
985
(a) Include requirements in the 2010 edition of the Florida
986
Building Code to increase the energy-efficiency performance of
987
new buildings by at least 20 percent as compared to the
988
performance achieved as a result of the implementation of the
989
energy-efficiency provisions contained in the 2004 edition of the
990
Florida Building Code, as adopted on May 22, 2007;
991
(b) Include requirements in the 2013 edition of the Florida
992
Building Code to increase the energy-efficiency performance of
993
new buildings by at least 30 percent as compared to the
994
performance achieved as a result of the implementation of the
995
energy-efficiency provisions contained in the 2004 edition of the
996
Florida Building Code, as adopted on May 22, 2007;
997
(c) Include requirements in the 2016 edition of the Florida
998
Building Code to increase the energy-efficiency performance of
999
new buildings by at least 40 percent as compared to the
1000
performance achieved as a result of the implementation of the
1001
energy-efficiency provisions contained in the 2004 edition of the
1002
Florida Building Code, as adopted on May 22, 2007; and
1003
(d) Include requirements in the 2019 edition of the Florida
1004
Building Code to increase the energy-efficiency performance of
1005
new buildings by at least 50 percent as compared to the
1006
performance achieved as a result of the implementation of the
1007
energy-efficiency provisions contained in the 2004 edition of the
1008
Florida Building Code, as adopted on May 22, 2007.
1009
(2) The commission shall identify in any code-support and
1010
compliance documentation the specific building options and
1011
elements available to meet the energy-efficiency performance
1012
requirements under subsection (1). Energy-efficiency performance
1013
options and elements include, but are not limited to:
1014
(a) Solar water heating;
1015
(b) Energy-efficient appliances;
1016
(c) Energy-efficient windows, doors, and skylights;
1017
(d) Low solar-absorption roofs, also known as "cool roofs";
1018
(e) Enhanced ceiling and wall insulation;
1019
(f) Reduced-leak duct systems;
1020
(g) Programmable thermostats; and
1021
(h) Energy-efficient lighting systems.
1022
(3) The Florida Energy Commission shall review the energy-
1023
efficiency goals established in subsection (1) at least once
1024
every 3 years, and such review must be completed before the
1025
triennial code-adoption process established in s. 553.73.
1026
Section 21. (1) The Florida Building Commission shall
1027
conduct a study to evaluate the energy-efficiency rating of new
1028
buildings and appliances. The study must include a review of the
1029
current energy-efficiency ratings and consumer labeling
1030
requirements specified in chapter 553, Florida Statutes. The
1031
commission shall submit a written report of its study to the
1032
President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
1033
Representatives on or before February 1, 2009. The report must
1034
contain the commission's recommendations regarding the
1035
strengthening and integration of energy-efficiency ratings and
1036
labeling requirements.
1037
(2) The provisions of this section expire July 1, 2009.
1038
Section 22. (1) The Florida Building Commission shall
1039
conduct a study to evaluate opportunities to restructure the
1040
Florida Energy Efficiency Code for Building Construction to
1041
achieve long-range improvements to building energy performance.
1042
During such study, the commission shall address the integration
1043
of the Thermal Efficiency Code established in part V of chapter
1044
553, Florida Statutes, the Energy Conservation Standards Act
1045
established in part VI of chapter 553, Florida Statutes, and the
1046
Florida Building Energy-Efficiency Rating Act established in part
1047
VIII of chapter 553, Florida Statutes.
1048
(2) The commission shall submit a report containing
1049
specific recommendations on the integration of the code and acts
1050
identified in subsection (1) to the President of the Senate and
1051
the Speaker of the House of Representatives on or before February
1052
1, 2009.
1053
(3) The provisions of this section expire July 1, 2009.
1054
Section 23. (1) The Department of Community Affairs, in
1055
conjunction with the Florida Energy Affordability Coalition,
1056
shall identify and review issues relating to the Low-Income Home
1057
Energy Assistance Program and the Weatherization Assistance
1058
Program, and identify recommendations that:
1059
(a) Support customer health, safety, and well-being;
1060
(b) Maximize available financial and energy-conservation
1061
assistance;
1062
(c) Improve the quality of service to customers seeking
1063
assistance; and
1064
(d) Educate customers to make informed decisions regarding
1065
energy use and conservation.
1066
(2) On or before January 1, 2009, the department shall
1067
report its findings and any recommended statutory changes
1068
required to implement such findings to the President of the
1069
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
1070
(3) The provisions of this section expire July 1, 2009.
1071
Section 24. Section 553.731, Florida Statutes, is repealed.
1072
Section 25. The repeal of s. 553.731, Florida Statutes, by
1073
this act, does not diminish or authorize changes that diminish
1074
the provisions of the Florida Building Code relating to wind
1075
resistance or water intrusion which were adopted pursuant to
1076
chapter 2007-1, Laws of Florida.
1077
Section 26. Subparagraph 6. of paragraph (a) of subsection
1078
(6) of s. 627.351, Florida Statutes, is repealed.
1079
Section 27. Subsection (6) is added to section 718.113,
1080
Florida Statutes, to read:
1081
718.113 Maintenance; limitation upon improvement; display
1082
of flag; hurricane shutters.--
1083
(6) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section or the
1084
governing documents of a condominium or a multicondominium
1085
association, the board of administration may, without any
1086
requirement for approval of the unit owners, install upon or
1087
within the common elements or association property solar
1088
collectors, clotheslines, or other energy-efficient devices based
1089
on renewable resources for the benefit of the unit owners.
1090
Section 28. The Florida Building Commission shall submit
1091
the text of the rule required by section 19 of this act to the
1092
Legislature in its report to the 2009-2010 Legislature, and shall
1093
provide an effective date for the rule by July 1, 2009.
1094
Section 29. This act shall take effect July 1, 2008.
CODING: Words stricken are deletions; words underlined are additions.