The Florida Senate

893.01  Short title.

893.02  Definitions.

893.03  Standards and schedules.

893.033  Listed chemicals.

893.035  Control of new substances; findings of fact; delegation of authority to Attorney General to control substances by rule.

893.0355  Control of scheduled substances; delegation of authority to Attorney General to reschedule substance, or delete substance, by rule.

893.0356  Control of new substances; findings of fact; "controlled substance analog" defined.

893.04  Pharmacist and practitioner.

893.05  Practitioners and persons administering controlled substances in their absence.

893.06  Distribution of controlled substances; order forms; labeling and packaging requirements.

893.07  Records.

893.08  Exceptions.

893.09  Enforcement.

893.10  Burden of proof.

893.105  Testing and destruction of seized substances.

893.11  Suspension, revocation, and reinstatement of business and professional licenses.

893.12  Contraband; seizure, forfeiture, sale.

893.13  Prohibited acts; penalties.

893.135  Trafficking; mandatory sentences; suspension or reduction of sentences; conspiracy to engage in trafficking.

893.1351  Lease or rent for the purpose of trafficking in a controlled substance.

893.138  Local administrative action to abate drug-related or prostitution-related public nuisances and criminal street gang activity.

893.145  "Drug paraphernalia" defined.

893.146  Determination of paraphernalia.

893.147  Use, possession, manufacture, delivery, or advertisement of drug paraphernalia.

893.149  Unlawful possession of listed chemical.

893.15  Rehabilitation.

893.165  County alcohol and other drug abuse treatment or education trust funds.

893.20  Continuing criminal enterprise.

893.01  Short title.--This chapter shall be cited and known as the "Florida Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act."

History.--s. 1, ch. 73-331.

893.02  Definitions.--The following words and phrases as used in this chapter shall have the following meanings, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1)  "Administer" means the direct application of a controlled substance, whether by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means, to the body of a person or animal.

(2)  "Analog" or "chemical analog" means a structural derivative of a parent compound that is a controlled substance.

(3)  "Cannabis" means all parts of any plant of the genus Cannabis, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of the plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant or its seeds or resin.

(4)  "Controlled substance" means any substance named or described in Schedules I through V of s. 893.03. Laws controlling the manufacture, distribution, preparation, dispensing, or administration of such substances are drug abuse laws.

(5)  "Deliver" or "delivery" means the actual, constructive, or attempted transfer from one person to another of a controlled substance, whether or not there is an agency relationship.

(6)  "Dispense" means the transfer of possession of one or more doses of a medicinal drug by a pharmacist or other licensed practitioner to the ultimate consumer thereof or to one who represents that it is his or her intention not to consume or use the same but to transfer the same to the ultimate consumer or user for consumption by the ultimate consumer or user.

(7)  "Distribute" means to deliver, other than by administering or dispensing, a controlled substance.

(8)  "Distributor" means a person who distributes.

(9)  "Department" means the ¹Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services.

(10)  "Hospital" means an institution for the care and treatment of the sick and injured, licensed pursuant to the provisions of chapter 395 or owned or operated by the state or Federal Government.

(11)  "Laboratory" means a laboratory approved by the Drug Enforcement Administration as proper to be entrusted with the custody of controlled substances for scientific, medical, or instructional purposes or to aid law enforcement officers and prosecuting attorneys in the enforcement of this chapter.

(12)  "Listed chemical" means any precursor chemical or essential chemical named or described in s. 893.033.

(13)(a)  "Manufacture" means the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, cultivating, growing, conversion, or processing of a controlled substance, either directly or indirectly, by extraction from substances of natural origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, and includes any packaging of the substance or labeling or relabeling of its container, except that this term does not include the preparation, compounding, packaging, or labeling of a controlled substance by:

1.  A practitioner or pharmacist as an incident to his or her administering or delivering of a controlled substance in the course of his or her professional practice.

2.  A practitioner, or by his or her authorized agent under the practitioner's supervision, for the purpose of, or as an incident to, research, teaching, or chemical analysis, and not for sale.

(b)  "Manufacturer" means and includes every person who prepares, derives, produces, compounds, or repackages any drug as defined by the Florida Drug and Cosmetic Act. However, this definition does not apply to manufacturers of patent or proprietary preparations as defined in the Florida Pharmacy Act. Pharmacies, and pharmacists employed thereby, are specifically excluded from this definition.

(14)  "Patient" means an individual to whom a controlled substance is lawfully dispensed or administered pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.

(15)  "Pharmacist" means a person who is licensed pursuant to chapter 465 to practice the profession of pharmacy in this state.

(16)  "Possession" includes temporary possession for the purpose of verification or testing, irrespective of dominion or control.

(17)  "Potential for abuse" means that a substance has properties of a central nervous system stimulant or depressant or an hallucinogen that create a substantial likelihood of its being:

(a)  Used in amounts that create a hazard to the user's health or the safety of the community;

(b)  Diverted from legal channels and distributed through illegal channels; or

(c)  Taken on the user's own initiative rather than on the basis of professional medical advice.

Proof of potential for abuse can be based upon a showing that these activities are already taking place, or upon a showing that the nature and properties of the substance make it reasonable to assume that there is a substantial likelihood that such activities will take place, in other than isolated or occasional instances.

(18)  "Practitioner" means a physician licensed pursuant to chapter 458, a dentist licensed pursuant to chapter 466, a veterinarian licensed pursuant to chapter 474, an osteopathic physician licensed pursuant to chapter 459, a naturopath licensed pursuant to chapter 462, or a podiatric physician licensed pursuant to chapter 461, provided such practitioner holds a valid federal controlled substance registry number.

(19)  "Prescription" means and includes an order for drugs or medicinal supplies written, signed, or transmitted by word of mouth, telephone, telegram, or other means of communication by a duly licensed practitioner licensed by the laws of the state to prescribe such drugs or medicinal supplies, issued in good faith and in the course of professional practice, intended to be filled, compounded, or dispensed by another person licensed by the laws of the state to do so, and meeting the requirements of s. 893.04. The term also includes an order for drugs or medicinal supplies so transmitted or written by a physician, dentist, veterinarian, or other practitioner licensed to practice in a state other than Florida, but only if the pharmacist called upon to fill such an order determines, in the exercise of his or her professional judgment, that the order was issued pursuant to a valid patient-physician relationship, that it is authentic, and that the drugs or medicinal supplies so ordered are considered necessary for the continuation of treatment of a chronic or recurrent illness. However, if the physician writing the prescription is not known to the pharmacist, the pharmacist shall obtain proof to a reasonable certainty of the validity of said prescription. A prescription order for a controlled substance shall not be issued on the same prescription blank with another prescription order for a controlled substance which is named or described in a different schedule, nor shall any prescription order for a controlled substance be issued on the same prescription blank as a prescription order for a medicinal drug, as defined in ²s. 465.031(5), which does not fall within the definition of a controlled substance as defined in this act.

(20)  "Wholesaler" means any person who acts as a jobber, wholesale merchant, or broker, or an agent thereof, who sells or distributes for resale any drug as defined by the Florida Drug and Cosmetic Act. However, this definition does not apply to persons who sell only patent or proprietary preparations as defined in the Florida Pharmacy Act. Pharmacies, and pharmacists employed thereby, are specifically excluded from this definition.

History.--s. 2, ch. 73-331; s. 1, ch. 75-18; s. 470, ch. 77-147; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 184, ch. 79-164; s. 1, ch. 79-325; s. 37, ch. 82-225; s. 169, ch. 83-216; s. 1, ch. 85-242; s. 1, ch. 91-279; s. 1, ch. 92-19; s. 1434, ch. 97-102; s. 104, ch. 97-264; s. 234, ch. 98-166.

¹Note.--The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services was redesignated as the Department of Children and Family Services by s. 5, ch. 96-403, and the Department of Health was created by s. 8, ch. 96-403.

²Note.--Repealed by s. 4, ch. 79-226.

893.03  Standards and schedules.--The substances enumerated in this section are controlled by this chapter. The controlled substances listed or to be listed in Schedules I, II, III, IV, and V are included by whatever official, common, usual, chemical, or trade name designated. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to include within any of the schedules contained in this section any excluded drugs listed within the purview of 21 C.F.R. s. 1308.22, styled "Excluded Substances"; 21 C.F.R. s. 1308.24, styled "Exempt Chemical Preparations"; 21 C.F.R. s. 1308.32, styled "Exempted Prescription Products"; or 21 C.F.R. s. 1308.34, styled "Exempt Anabolic Steroid Products."

(1)  SCHEDULE I.--A substance in Schedule I has a high potential for abuse and has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States and in its use under medical supervision does not meet accepted safety standards. The following substances are controlled in Schedule I:

(a)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation:

1.  Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl.

2.  Acetylmethadol.

3.  Allylprodine.

4.  Alphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol, also known as levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate, or LAAM).

5.  Alphamethadol.

6.  Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-betaphenyl) ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido) piperidine).

7.  Alpha-methylthiofentanyl.

8.  Alphameprodine.

9.  Benzethidine.

10.  Benzylfentanyl.

11.  Betacetylmethadol.

12.  Beta-hydroxyfentanyl.

13.  Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl.

14.  Betameprodine.

15.  Betamethadol.

16.  Betaprodine.

17.  Clonitazene.

18.  Dextromoramide.

19.  Diampromide.

20.  Diethylthiambutene.

21.  Difenoxin.

22.  Dimenoxadol.

23.  Dimepheptanol.

24.  Dimethylthiambutene.

25.  Dioxaphetyl butyrate.

26.  Dipipanone.

27.  Ethylmethylthiambutene.

28.  Etonitazene.

29.  Etoxeridine.

30.  Flunitrazepam.

31.  Furethidine.

32.  Hydroxypethidine.

33.  Ketobemidone.

34.  Levomoramide.

35.  Levophenacylmorphan.

36.  1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-4-Propionoxypiperidine (MPPP).

37.  3-Methylfentanyl (N-
[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide).

38.  3-Methylthiofentanyl.

39.  3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

40.  Morpheridine.

41.  Noracymethadol.

42.  Norlevorphanol.

43.  Normethadone.

44.  Norpipanone.

45.  Para-Fluorofentanyl.

46.  Phenadoxone.

47.  Phenampromide.

48.  Phenomorphan.

49.  Phenoperidine.

50.  1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-Phenyl-4-Acetyloxypiperidine (PEPAP).

51.  Piritramide.

52.  Proheptazine.

53.  Properidine.

54.  Propiram.

55.  Racemoramide.

56.  Thenylfentanyl.

57.  Thiofentanyl.

58.  Tilidine.

59.  Trimeperidine.

(b)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances, their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:

1.  Acetorphine.

2.  Acetyldihydrocodeine.

3.  Benzylmorphine.

4.  Codeine methylbromide.

5.  Codeine-N-Oxide.

6.  Cyprenorphine.

7.  Desomorphine.

8.  Dihydromorphine.

9.  Drotebanol.

10.  Etorphine (except hydrochloride salt).

11.  Heroin.

12.  Hydromorphinol.

13.  Methyldesorphine.

14.  Methyldihydromorphine.

15.  Monoacetylmorphine.

16.  Morphine methylbromide.

17.  Morphine methylsulfonate.

18.  Morphine-N-Oxide.

19.  Myrophine.

20.  Nicocodine.

21.  Nicomorphine.

22.  Normorphine.

23.  Pholcodine.

24.  Thebacon.

(c)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances or which contains any of their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:

1.  Alpha-ethyltryptamine.

2.  2-Amino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline (4-methylaminorex).

3.  2-Amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline (Aminorex).

4.  4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine.

5.  4-Bromo-2, 5-dimethoxyphenethylamine.

6.  Bufotenine.

7.  Cannabis.

8.  Cathinone.

9.  Diethyltryptamine.

10.  2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine.

11.  2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET).

12.  Dimethyltryptamine.

13.  N-Ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine (PCE) (Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine).

14.  N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate.

15.  N-ethylamphetamine.

16.  Fenethylline.

17.  N-Hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine.

18.  Ibogaine.

19.  Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).

20.  Mescaline.

21.  Methcathinone.

22.  5-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine.

23.  4-methoxyamphetamine.

24.  4-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine.

25.  3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine.

26.  3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine.

27.  N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate.

28.  N,N-dimethylamphetamine.

29.  Parahexyl.

30.  Peyote.

31.  N-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)-pyrrolidine (PCPY) (Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine).

32.  Psilocybin.

33.  Psilocyn.

34.  Tetrahydrocannabinols.

35.  1-[1-(2-Thienyl)-cyclohexyl]-piperidine (TCP) (Thiophene analog of phencyclidine).

36.  3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine.

(d)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of methaqualone or mecloqualone, including any of its salts, isomers, optical isomers, salts of their isomers, and salts of these optical isomers.

(2)  SCHEDULE II.--A substance in Schedule II has a high potential for abuse and has a currently accepted but severely restricted medical use in treatment in the United States, and abuse of the substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. The following substances are controlled in Schedule II:

(a)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances, whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin or independently by means of chemical synthesis:

1.  Opium and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium, except nalmefene or isoquinoline alkaloids of opium, including, but not limited to the following:

a.  Raw opium.

b.  Opium extracts.

c.  Opium fluid extracts.

d.  Powdered opium.

e.  Granulated opium.

f.  Tincture of opium.

g.  Codeine.

h.  Ethylmorphine.

i.  Etorphine hydrochloride.

j.  Hydrocodone.

k.  Hydromorphone.

l.  Levo-alphacetylmethadol (also known as levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate, or LAAM).

m.  Metopon (methyldihydromorphinone).

n.  Morphine.

o.  Oxycodone.

p.  Oxymorphone.

q.  Thebaine.

2.  Any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of a substance which is chemically equivalent to or identical with any of the substances referred to in subparagraph 1., except that these substances shall not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.

3.  Any part of the plant of the species Papaver somniferum, L.

4.  Cocaine or ecgonine, including any of their stereoisomers, and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of cocaine or ecgonine.

5.  Dronabinol (synthetic THC) in sesame oil and encapsulated in a soft gelatin capsule in a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved drug product.

6.  Gamma-hydroxy-butyrate (GHB).

(b)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any of the following substances, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation:

1.  Alfentanil.

2.  Alphaprodine.

3.  Anileridine.

4.  Bezitramide.

5.  Bulk dextropropoxyphene (nondosage forms).

6.  Carfentanil.

7.  Dihydrocodeine.

8.  Diphenoxylate.

9.  Fentanyl.

10.  Isomethadone.

11.  Levomethorphan.

12.  Levorphanol.

13.  Metazocine.

14.  Methadone.

15.  Methadone-Intermediate,4-cyano-2-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenylbutane.

16.  Moramide-Intermediate,2-methyl-3-morpholoino-1,1-diphenylpropane-carboxylic acid.

17.  Nabilone.

18.  Pethidine (meperidine).

19.  Pethidine-Intermediate-A,4-cyano-1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine.

20.  Pethidine-Intermediate-B,ethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate.

21.  Pethidine-Intermediate-C,1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid.

22.  Phenazocine.

23.  Phencyclidine.

24.  1-Phenylcyclohexylamine.

25.  Piminodine.

26.  1-Piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile.

27.  Racemethorphan.

28.  Racemorphan.

29.  Sufentanil.

(c)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including their salts, isomers, optical isomers, salts of their isomers, and salts of their optical isomers:

1.  Amobarbital.

2.  Amphetamine.

3.  Glutethimide.

4.  Methamphetamine.

5.  Methylphenidate.

6.  Pentobarbital.

7.  Phenmetrazine.

8.  Phenylacetone.

9.  Secobarbital.

(3)  SCHEDULE III.--A substance in Schedule III has a potential for abuse less than the substances contained in Schedules I and II and has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and abuse of the substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence or, in the case of anabolic steroids, may lead to physical damage. The following substances are controlled in Schedule III:

(a)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant or stimulant effect on the nervous system:

1.  Any substance which contains any quantity of a derivative of barbituric acid, including thiobarbituric acid, or any salt of a derivative of barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid, including, but not limited to, butabarbital and butalbital.

2.  Benzphetamine.

3.  Chlorhexadol.

4.  Chlorphentermine.

5.  Clortermine.

6.  Lysergic acid.

7.  Lysergic acid amide.

8.  Methyprylon.

9.  Phendimetrazine.

10.  Sulfondiethylmethane.

11.  Sulfonethylmethane.

12.  Sulfonmethane.

13.  Tiletamine and zolazepam or any salt thereof.

(b)  Nalorphine.

(c)  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing limited quantities of any of the following controlled substances or any salts thereof:

1.  Not more than 1.8 grams of codeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with an equal or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium.

2.  Not more than 1.8 grams of codeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with recognized therapeutic amounts of one or more active ingredients which are not controlled substances.

3.  Not more than 300 milligrams of hydrocodone per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with a fourfold or greater quantity of an isoquinoline alkaloid of opium.

4.  Not more than 300 milligrams of hydrocodone per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with recognized therapeutic amounts of one or more active ingredients which are not controlled substances.

5.  Not more than 1.8 grams of dihydrocodeine per 100 milliliters or not more than 90 milligrams per dosage unit, with recognized therapeutic amounts of one or more active ingredients which are not controlled substances.

6.  Not more than 300 milligrams of ethylmorphine per 100 milliliters or not more than 15 milligrams per dosage unit, with one or more active, nonnarcotic ingredients in recognized therapeutic amounts.

7.  Not more than 50 milligrams of morphine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams, with recognized therapeutic amounts of one or more active ingredients which are not controlled substances.

(d)  Anabolic steroids.

1.  The term "anabolic steroid" means any drug or hormonal substance, chemically and pharmacologically related to testosterone, other than estrogens, progestins, and corticosteroids, that promotes muscle growth and includes:

a.  Androsterone.

b.  Androsterone acetate.

c.  Boldenone.

d.  Boldenone acetate.

e.  Boldenone benzoate.

f.  Boldenone undecylenate.

g.  Chlorotestosterone (4-chlortestosterone).

h.  Clostebol.

i.  Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone.

j.  Dihydrotestosterone (4-dihydrotestosterone).

k.  Drostanolone.

l.  Ethylestrenol.

m.  Fluoxymesterone.

n.  Formebulone (formebolone).

o.  Mesterolone.

p.  Methandienone.

q.  Methandranone.

r.  Methandriol.

s.  Methandrostenolone.

t.  Methenolone.

u.  Methyltestosterone.

v.  Mibolerone.

w.  Nandrolone.

x.  Norethandrolone.

y.  Nortestosterone.

z.  Nortestosterone decanoate.

aa.  Nortestosterone phenylpropionate.

bb.  Nortestosterone propionate.

cc.  Oxandrolone.

dd.  Oxymesterone.

ee.  Oxymetholone.

ff.  Stanolone.

gg.  Stanozolol.

hh.  Testolactone.

ii.  Testosterone.

jj.  Testosterone acetate.

kk.  Testosterone benzoate.

ll.  Testosterone cypionate.

mm.  Testosterone decanoate.

nn.  Testosterone enanthate.

oo.  Testosterone isocaproate.

pp.  Testosterone oleate.

qq.  Testosterone phenylpropionate.

rr.  Testosterone propionate.

ss.  Testosterone undecanoate.

tt.  Trenbolone.

uu.  Trenbolone acetate.

vv.  Any salt, ester, or isomer of a drug or substance described or listed in this subparagraph if that salt, ester, or isomer promotes muscle growth.

2.  The term does not include an anabolic steroid that is expressly intended for administration through implants to cattle or other nonhuman species and that has been approved by the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services for such administration. However, any person who prescribes, dispenses, or distributes such a steroid for human use is considered to have prescribed, dispensed, or distributed an anabolic steroid within the meaning of this paragraph.

(4)  SCHEDULE IV.--A substance in Schedule IV has a low potential for abuse relative to the substances in Schedule III and has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and abuse of the substance may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to the substances in Schedule III. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation, are controlled in Schedule IV:

(a)  Alprazolam.

(b)  Barbital.

(c)  Bromazepam.

(d)  Camazepam.

(e)  Cathine.

(f)  Chloral betaine.

(g)  Chloral hydrate.

(h)  Chlordiazepoxide.

(i)  Clobazam.

(j)  Clonazepam.

(k)  Clorazepate.

(l)  Clotiazepam.

(m)  Cloxazolam.

(n)  Delorazepam.

(o)  Dextropropoxyphene (dosage forms).

(p)  Diazepam.

(q)  Diethylpropion.

(r)  Estazolam.

(s)  Ethchlorvynol.

(t)  Ethinamate.

(u)  Ethyl loflazepate.

(v)  Fencamfamin.

¹(w)  Fenfluramine.

(x)  Fenproporex.

(y)  Fludiazepam.

(z)  Flurazepam.

(aa)  Halazepam.

(bb)  Haloxazolam.

(cc)  Ketazolam.

(dd)  Loprazolam.

(ee)  Lorazepam.

(ff)  Lormetazepam.

(gg)  Mazindol.

(hh)  Mebutamate.

(ii)  Medazepam.

(jj)  Mefenorex.

(kk)  Meprobamate.

(ll)  Methohexital.

(mm)  Methylphenobarbital.

(nn)  Midazolam.

(oo)  Nimetazepam.

(pp)  Nitrazepam.

(qq)  Nordiazepam.

(rr)  Oxazepam.

(ss)  Oxazolam.

(tt)  Paraldehyde.

(uu)  Pemoline.

(vv)  Pentazocine.

(ww)  Phenobarbital.

(xx)  Phentermine.

(yy)  Pinazepam.

(zz)  Pipradrol.

(aaa)  Prazepam.

(bbb)  Propylhexedrine, excluding any patent or proprietary preparation containing propylhexedrine, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

(ccc)  Quazepam.

(ddd)  Tetrazepam.

(eee)  SPA[(-)-1 dimethylamino-1, 2 diphenylethane].

(fff)  Temazepam.

(ggg)  Triazolam.

(hhh)  Not more than 1 milligram of difenoxin and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit.

(iii)  Butorphanol tartrate.

(5)  SCHEDULE V.--A substance, compound, mixture, or preparation of a substance in Schedule V has a low potential for abuse relative to the substances in Schedule IV and has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and abuse of such compound, mixture, or preparation may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to the substances in Schedule IV.

(a)  Substances controlled in Schedule V include any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following limited quantities of controlled substances, which shall include one or more active medicinal ingredients which are not controlled substances in sufficient proportion to confer upon the compound, mixture, or preparation valuable medicinal qualities other than those possessed by the controlled substance alone:

1.  Not more than 200 milligrams of codeine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams.

2.  Not more than 100 milligrams of dihydrocodeine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams.

3.  Not more than 100 milligrams of ethylmorphine per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams.

4.  Not more than 2.5 milligrams of diphenoxylate and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine sulfate per dosage unit.

5.  Not more than 100 milligrams of opium per 100 milliliters or per 100 grams.

(b)  Narcotic drugs. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation containing any of the following narcotic drugs and their salts: Buprenorphine.

(c)  Stimulants. Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers: Pyrovalerone.

History.--s. 3, ch. 73-331; s. 247, ch. 77-104; s. 1, ch. 77-174; ss. 1, 2, ch. 78-195; s. 2, ch. 79-325; s. 1, ch. 80-353; s. 1, ch. 82-16; s. 1, ch. 84-89; s. 2, ch. 85-242; s. 1, ch. 86-147; s. 2, ch. 87-243; s. 1, ch. 87-299; s. 1, ch. 88-59; s. 3, ch. 89-281; s. 54, ch. 92-69; s. 1, ch. 93-92; s. 4, ch. 95-415; s. 1, ch. 96-360; ss. 1, 5, ch. 97-1; s. 96, ch. 97-264.

¹Note.--Section 1, ch. 97-1, added paragraph (4)(w) listing fenfluramine. Section 5, ch. 97-1, repealed paragraph (4)(w) effective upon the removal of fenfluramine from the schedules of controlled substances in 21 C.F.R. s. 1308. The Drug Enforcement Administration of the United States Department of Justice filed a proposed final rule removing fenfluramine from the schedules, see 62 F.R. 24620, May 6, 1997; further action regarding the proposed final rule was pending at the time the Florida Statutes went to press.

893.033  Listed chemicals.--The chemicals listed in this section are included by whatever official, common, usual, chemical, or trade name designated.

(1)  PRECURSOR CHEMICALS.--The term "listed precursor chemical" means a chemical that may be used in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of this chapter and is critical to the creation of the controlled substance, and such term includes any salt, optical isomer, or salt of an optical isomer, whenever the existence of such salt, optical isomer, or salt of optical isomer is possible within the specific chemical designation. The following are "listed precursor chemicals":

(a)  Anthranilic acid.

(b)  Benzyl chloride.

(c)  Benzyl cyanide.

(d)  Ephedrine.

(e)  Ergonovine.

(f)  Ergotamine.

(g)  Ethylamine.

(h)  Isosafrole.

(i)  Methylamine.

(j)  3, 4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone.

(k)  N-acetylanthranilic acid.

(l)  N-ethylephedrine.

(m)  N-ethylpseudoephedrine.

(n)  N-methylephedrine.

(o)  N-methylpseudoephedrine.

(p)  Norpseudoephedrine.

(q)  Phenylacetic acid.

(r)  Phenylpropanolamine.

(s)  Piperidine.

(t)  Piperonal.

(u)  Propionic anhydride.

(v)  Pseudoephedrine.

(w)  Safrole.

(2)  ESSENTIAL CHEMICALS.--The term "listed essential chemical" means a chemical that may be used as a solvent, reagent, or catalyst in manufacturing a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. The following are "listed essential chemicals":

(a)  Acetic anhydride.

(b)  Acetone.

(c)  2-Butanone.

(d)  Ethyl ether.

(e)  Hydriodic acid.

(f)  Potassium permanganate.

(g)  Toluene.

History.--s. 2, ch. 91-279.

893.035  Control of new substances; findings of fact; delegation of authority to Attorney General to control substances by rule.--

(1)(a)  New substances are being created which are not controlled under the provisions of this chapter but which have a potential for abuse similar to or greater than that for substances controlled under this chapter. These new substances are sometimes called "designer drugs" because they can be designed to produce a desired pharmacological effect and to evade the controlling statutory provisions. Designer drugs are being manufactured, distributed, possessed, and used as substitutes for controlled substances.

(b)  The hazards attributable to the traffic in and use of these designer drugs are increased because their unregulated manufacture produces variations in purity and concentration.

(c)  Many such new substances are untested, and it cannot be immediately determined whether they have useful medical or chemical purposes.

(d)  The uncontrolled importation, manufacture, distribution, possession, or use of these designer drugs has a substantial and detrimental impact on the health and safety of the people of Florida.

(e)  These designer drugs can be created more rapidly than they can be identified and controlled by action of the Legislature. There is a need for a speedy and expert administrative determination of their proper classification under this chapter. It is therefore necessary to delegate to an administrative agency restricted authority to identify and classify new substances that have a potential for abuse, so that they can be controlled in the same manner as other substances currently controlled under this chapter.

(2)  The Attorney General shall apply the provisions of this section to any substance not currently controlled under the provisions of s. 893.03. The Attorney General may by rule:

(a)  Add a substance to a schedule established by s. 893.03, or transfer a substance between schedules, if he or she finds that it has a potential for abuse and he or she makes with respect to it the other findings appropriate for classification in the particular schedule under s. 893.03 in which it is to be placed.

(b)  Remove a substance previously added to a schedule if he or she finds the substance does not meet the requirements for inclusion in that schedule.

Rules adopted under this section shall be made pursuant to the rulemaking procedures prescribed by chapter 120.

(3)(a)  The term "potential for abuse" in this section means that a substance has properties as a central nervous system stimulant or depressant or a hallucinogen that create a substantial likelihood of its being:

1.  Used in amounts that create a hazard to the user's health or the safety of the community;

2.  Diverted from legal channels and distributed through illegal channels; or

3.  Taken on the user's own initiative rather than on the basis of professional medical advice.

Proof of potential for abuse can be based upon a showing that these activities are already taking place, or upon a showing that the nature and properties of the substance make it reasonable to assume that there is a substantial likelihood that such activities will take place, in other than isolated or occasional instances.

(b)  The terms "immediate precursor" and "narcotic drug" shall be given the same meanings as provided by s. 102 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. s. 802, as amended and in effect on April 1, 1985.

(4)  In making any findings under this section, the Attorney General shall consider the following factors with respect to each substance proposed to be controlled or removed from control:

(a)  Its actual or relative potential for abuse.

(b)  Scientific evidence of its pharmacological effect, if known.

(c)  The state of current scientific knowledge regarding the drug or other substance.

(d)  Its history and current pattern of abuse.

(e)  The scope, duration, and significance of abuse.

(f)  What, if any, risk there is to the public health.

(g)  Its psychic or physiological dependence liability.

(h)  Whether the substance is an immediate precursor of a substance already controlled under this chapter.

The findings and conclusions of the United States Attorney General or his or her delegee, as set forth in the Federal Register, with respect to any substance pursuant to s. 201 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. s. 811, as amended and in effect on April 1, 1985, shall be admissible as evidence in any rulemaking proceeding under this section, including an emergency rulemaking proceeding under subsection (7).

(5)  Before initiating proceedings under subsection (2), the Attorney General shall request from the Department of Business and Professional Regulation and the Department of Law Enforcement a medical and scientific evaluation of the substance under consideration and a recommendation as to the appropriate classification, if any, of such substance as a controlled substance. In responding to this request, the Department of Business and Professional Regulation and the Department of Law Enforcement shall consider the factors listed in subsection (4). The Department of Business and Professional Regulation and the Department of Law Enforcement shall respond to this request promptly and in writing; however, their response shall not be subject to the provisions of chapter 120. If both the Department of Business and Professional Regulation and the Department of Law Enforcement recommend that a substance not be controlled, the Attorney General shall not control that substance. If the Attorney General determines, based on the evaluations and recommendations of the Department of Business and Professional Regulation and the Department of Law Enforcement and all other available evidence, that there is substantial evidence of potential for abuse, he or she shall initiate proceedings under paragraph (2)(a) with respect to that substance.

(6)(a)  The Attorney General shall by rule exempt any nonnarcotic substance controlled by rule under this section from the application of this section if such substance may, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, be lawfully sold over the counter without a prescription.

(b)  The Attorney General may by rule exempt any compound, mixture, or preparation containing a substance controlled by rule under this section from the application of this section if he or she finds that such compound, mixture, or preparation meets the requirements of either of the following subcategories:

1.  A mixture or preparation containing a nonnarcotic substance controlled by rule, which mixture or preparation is approved for prescription use and which contains one or more other active ingredients which are not listed in any schedule and which are included therein in such combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration as to vitiate the potential for abuse.

2.  A compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any substance controlled by rule, which is not for administration to a human being or animal, and which is packaged in such form or concentration, or with adulterants or denaturants, so that as packaged it does not present any significant potential for abuse.

(7)(a)  If the Attorney General finds that the scheduling of a substance in Schedule I of s. 893.03 on a temporary basis is necessary to avoid an imminent hazard to the public safety, he or she may by rule and without regard to the requirements of subsection (5) relating to the Department of Business and Professional Regulation and the Department of Law Enforcement schedule such substance in Schedule I if the substance is not listed in any other schedule of s. 893.03. The Attorney General shall be required to consider, with respect to his or her finding of imminent hazard to the public safety, only those factors set forth in paragraphs (3)(a) and (4)(d), (e), and (f), including actual abuse, diversion from legitimate channels, and clandestine importation, manufacture, or distribution.

(b)  The Attorney General may use emergency rulemaking provisions under s. 120.54(4) in scheduling substances under this subsection. Notwithstanding the provisions of s. 120.54(4)(c), any rule adopted under this subsection shall not expire except as provided in subsection (9).

(8)(a)  Upon the effective date of a rule adopted pursuant to this section adding or transferring a substance to a schedule under s. 893.03, such substance shall be deemed included in that schedule, and all provisions of this chapter applicable to substances in that schedule shall be deemed applicable to such substance.

(b)  A rule adopted pursuant to this section shall continue in effect until it is repealed; until it is declared invalid in proceedings under s. 120.56 or in proceedings before a court of competent jurisdiction; or until it expires under the provisions of subsection (9).

(9)  The Attorney General shall report to the Legislature by March 1 of each year concerning the rules adopted under this section during the previous year. Each rule so reported shall expire on the following June 30 unless the Legislature adopts the provisions thereof as an amendment to this chapter.

(10)  The repeal, expiration, or determination of invalidity of any rule shall not operate to create any claim or cause of action against any law enforcement officer or other enforcing authority for actions taken in good faith in reliance on the validity of the rule.

(11)  In construing this section, due consideration and great weight should be given to interpretations of the United States Attorney General and the federal courts relating to s. 201 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. s. 811, as amended and in effect on April 1, 1985. All substantive rules adopted under this part shall not be inconsistent with the rules of the United States Attorney General and the decisions of the federal courts interpreting the provisions of s. 201 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. s. 811, as amended and in effect on April 1, 1985.

(12)  The adoption of a rule transferring a substance from one schedule to another or removing a substance from a schedule pursuant to this section shall not affect prosecution or punishment for any crime previously committed with respect to that substance.

History.--s. 3, ch. 85-242; s. 72, ch. 87-226; s. 255, ch. 94-218; s. 318, ch. 96-410; s. 1826, ch. 97-102.

893.0355  Control of scheduled substances; delegation of authority to Attorney General to reschedule substance, or delete substance, by rule.--

(1)  The Legislature has determined that, from time to time, additional testings, approvals, or scientific evidence may indicate that controlled substances listed in Schedules I, II, III, IV, and V hereof have a greater potential for beneficial medical use in treatment in the United States than was evident when such substances were initially scheduled. It is the intent of the Legislature to quickly provide a method for an immediate change to the scheduling and control of such substances to allow for the beneficial medical use thereof so that more flexibility will be available than is possible through rescheduling legislatively.

(2)  The Attorney General is hereby delegated the authority to adopt rules rescheduling specified substances to a less controlled schedule, or deleting specified substances from a schedule, upon a finding that reduced control of such substances is in the public interest. In determining whether reduced control of a substance is in the public interest, the Attorney General shall consider the following:

(a)  Whether the substance has been rescheduled or deleted from any schedule by rule adopted by the United States Attorney General pursuant to s. 201 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. s. 811.

(b)  The substance's actual or relative potential for abuse.

(c)  Scientific evidence of the substance's pharmacological effect, if known.

(d)  The state of current scientific knowledge regarding the substance.

(e)  The substance's history and current pattern of abuse.

(f)  The scope, duration, and significance of abuse.

(g)  What, if any, risk there is to the public health.

(h)  The substance's psychic or physiological dependence liability.

(3)  In making the public interest determination, the Attorney General shall give great weight to the scheduling rules adopted by the United States Attorney General subsequent to such substances being listed in Schedules I, II, III, IV, and V hereof, to achieve the original legislative purpose of the Florida Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of maintaining uniformity between the laws of Florida and the laws of the United States with respect to controlled substances.

(4)  Rulemaking under this section shall be in accordance with the procedural requirements of chapter 120, including the emergency rule provisions found in s. 120.54. The Attorney General may initiate proceedings for adoption, amendment, or repeal of any rule on his or her own motion or upon the petition of any interested party.

(5)  Upon the effective date of a rule adopted pursuant to this section, the rule's rescheduling or deletion of a substance shall be effective for all purposes under this chapter.

(6)  Rules adopted pursuant to this section shall be reviewed each year by the Legislature. Each rule shall remain in effect until the effective date of legislation that provides for a different scheduling of a substance than that set forth in such rule.

(7)  The adoption of a rule rescheduling a substance or deleting a substance from control pursuant to this section shall not affect prosecution or punishment for any crime previously committed with respect to that substance.

(8)  The provisions of this section apply only to substances controlled expressly by statute and not to substances controlled by rules adopted under the authority granted in the provisions of s. 893.035.

History.--s. 4, ch. 85-242; s. 1435, ch. 97-102.

893.0356  Control of new substances; findings of fact; "controlled substance analog" defined.--

(1)(a)  New substances are being created which are not controlled under the provisions of this chapter but which have a potential for abuse similar to or greater than that for substances controlled under this chapter. These new substances are called "controlled substance analogs," and can be designed to produce a desired pharmacological effect and to evade the controlling statutory provisions. Controlled substance analogs are being manufactured, distributed, possessed, and used as substitutes for controlled substances.

(b)  The hazards attributable to the traffic in and use of controlled substance analogs are increased because their unregulated manufacture produces variations in purity and concentration.

(c)  Many such new substances are untested, and it cannot be immediately determined whether they have useful medical or chemical purposes.

(d)  The uncontrolled importation, manufacture, distribution, possession, or use of controlled substance analogs has a substantial and detrimental impact on the health and safety of the people of Florida.

(e)  Controlled substance analogs can be created more rapidly than they can be identified and controlled by action of the Legislature. There is a need for a speedy determination of their proper classification under this chapter. It is therefore necessary to identify and classify new substances that have a potential for abuse, so that they can be controlled in the same manner as other substances currently controlled under this chapter.

(2)(a)  As used in this section, "controlled substance analog" means a substance which, due to its chemical structure and potential for abuse, meets the following criteria:

1.  Is substantially similar to that of a controlled substance listed in Schedule I or Schedule II of s. 893.03; and

2.  Has a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system or is represented or intended to have a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system substantially similar to or greater than that of a controlled substance listed in Schedule I or Schedule II of s. 893.03.

(b)  "Controlled substance analog" does not include:

1.  A controlled substance;

2.  Any substance for which there is an approved new drug application;

3.  Any compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any controlled substance which is not for administration to a human being or animal, and which is packaged in such form or concentration, or with adulterants or denaturants, so that as packaged it does not present any significant potential for abuse; or

4.  Any substance to which an investigational exemption applies under s. 505 of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 355, but only to the extent that conduct with respect to the substance is pursuant to such exemption.

(3)  The term "potential for abuse" in this section means that a substance has properties as a central nervous system stimulant or depressant or a hallucinogen that create a substantial likelihood of its being:

(a)  Used in amounts that create a hazard to the user's health or the safety of the community;

(b)  Diverted from legal channels and distributed through illegal channels; or

(c)  Taken on the user's own initiative rather than on the basis of professional medical advice.

Proof of potential for abuse can be based upon a showing that these activities are already taking place, or upon a showing that the nature and properties of the substance make it reasonable to assume that there is a substantial likelihood that such activities will take place, in other than isolated or occasional instances.

(4)  The following factors shall be relevant to a finding that a substance is a controlled substance analog within the purview of this section:

(a)  Its actual or relative potential for abuse.

(b)  Scientific evidence of its pharmacological effect, if known.

(c)  The state of current scientific knowledge regarding the substance.

(d)  Its history and current pattern of abuse.

(e)  The scope, duration, and significance of abuse.

(f)  What, if any, risk there is to the public health.

(g)  Its psychic or physiological dependence liability.

(h)  Its diversion from legitimate channels, and clandestine importation, manufacture, or distribution.

(i)  Whether the substance is an immediate precursor of a substance already controlled under this chapter.

(5)  A controlled substance analog shall, for purposes of drug abuse prevention and control, be treated as a controlled substance in Schedule I of s. 893.03.

(6)  In construing this section, due consideration and great weight should be given to interpretations of the United States Attorney General and the federal courts relating to s. 201 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. s. 811, as amended and in effect on April 1, 1985. New substances controlled under this section shall not be treated in a manner inconsistent with the rules of the United States Attorney General and the decisions of the federal courts interpreting the provisions of s. 201 of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 21 U.S.C. s. 811, as amended and in effect on April 1, 1985.

(7)  The treatment of a new substance as a controlled substance pursuant to this section shall not affect prosecution or punishment for any crime previously committed with respect to that substance.

History.--s. 3, ch. 87-243.

893.04  Pharmacist and practitioner.--

(1)  A pharmacist, in good faith and in the course of professional practice only, may dispense controlled substances upon a written or oral prescription of a practitioner, under the following conditions:

(a)  Oral prescriptions must be promptly reduced to writing by the pharmacist.

(b)  The written prescription must be dated and signed by the prescribing practitioner on the day when issued.

(c)  There shall appear on the face of the prescription or written record thereof for the controlled substance the following information:

1.  The full name and address of the person for whom, or the owner of the animal for which, the controlled substance is dispensed.

2.  The full name and address of the prescribing practitioner and the practitioner's federal controlled substance registry number shall be printed thereon.

3.  If the prescription is for an animal, the species of animal for which the controlled substance is prescribed.

4.  The name of the controlled substance prescribed and the strength, quantity, and directions for use thereof.

5.  The number of the prescription, as recorded in the prescription files of the pharmacy in which it is filled.

6.  The initials of the pharmacist filling the prescription and the date filled.

(d)  The prescription shall be retained on file by the proprietor of the pharmacy in which it is filled for a period of 2 years.

(e)  Affixed to the original container in which a controlled substance is delivered upon a prescription or authorized refill thereof, as hereinafter provided, there shall be a label bearing the following information:

1.  The name and address of the pharmacy from which such controlled substance was dispensed.

2.  The date on which the prescription for such controlled substance was filled.

3.  The number of such prescription, as recorded in the prescription files of the pharmacy in which it is filled.

4.  The name of the prescribing practitioner.

5.  The name of the patient for whom, or of the owner and species of the animal for which, the controlled substance is prescribed.

6.  The directions for the use of the controlled substance prescribed in the prescription.

7.  A clear, concise warning that it is a crime to transfer the controlled substance to any person other than the patient for whom prescribed.

(f)  A prescription for a controlled substance listed in Schedule II may be dispensed only upon a written prescription of a practitioner, except that in an emergency situation, as defined by regulation of the ¹Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, such controlled substance may be dispensed upon oral prescription. No prescription for a controlled substance listed in Schedule II may be refilled.

(g)  No prescription for a controlled substance listed in Schedules III, IV, or V may be filled or refilled more than five times within a period of 6 months after the date on which the prescription was written unless the prescription is renewed by a practitioner.

(2)  Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), a pharmacist may dispense a one-time emergency refill of up to a 72-hour supply of the prescribed medication for any medicinal drug other than a medicinal drug listed in Schedule II, in compliance with the provisions of s. 465.0275.

(3)  The legal owner of any stock of controlled substances in a pharmacy, upon discontinuance of dealing in controlled substances, may sell said stock to a manufacturer, wholesaler, or pharmacy. Such controlled substances may be sold only upon an order form, when such an order form is required for sale by the drug abuse laws of the United States or this state, or regulations pursuant thereto.

History.--s. 4, ch. 73-331; s. 2, ch. 75-18; s. 12, ch. 79-12; s. 2, ch. 90-2; s. 1436, ch. 97-102.

¹Note.--The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services was redesignated as the Department of Children and Family Services by s. 5, ch. 96-403, and the Department of Health was created by s. 8, ch. 96-403.

893.05  Practitioners and persons administering controlled substances in their absence.--

(1)  A practitioner, in good faith and in the course of his or her professional practice only, may prescribe, administer, dispense, mix, or otherwise prepare a controlled substance, or the practitioner may cause the same to be administered by a licensed nurse or an intern practitioner under his or her direction and supervision only. A veterinarian may so prescribe, administer, dispense, mix, or prepare a controlled substance for use on animals only, and may cause it to be administered by an assistant or orderly under the veterinarian's direction and supervision only.

(2)  When any controlled substance is dispensed by a practitioner, there shall be affixed to the original container in which the controlled substance is delivered a label on which appears:

(a)  The date of delivery.

(b)  The directions for use of such controlled substance.

(c)  The name and address of such practitioner.

(d)  The name of the patient and, if such controlled substance is prescribed for an animal, a statement describing the species of the animal.

(e)  A clear, concise warning that it is a crime to transfer the controlled substance to any person other than the patient for whom prescribed.

(3)  Any person who obtains from a practitioner or the practitioner's agent, or pursuant to prescription, any controlled substance for administration to a patient during the absence of such practitioner shall return to such practitioner any unused portion of such controlled substance when it is no longer required by the patient.

History.--s. 5, ch. 73-331; s. 1437, ch. 97-102.

893.06  Distribution of controlled substances; order forms; labeling and packaging requirements.--

(1)  Controlled substances in Schedules I and II shall be distributed by a duly licensed manufacturer, distributor, or wholesaler to a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, distributor, practitioner, pharmacy, as defined in chapter 465, hospital, or laboratory only pursuant to an order form. It shall be deemed a compliance with this subsection if the parties to the transaction have complied with federal law respecting the use of order forms.

(2)  Possession or control of controlled substances obtained as authorized by this section shall be lawful if in the regular course of business, occupation, profession, employment, or duty.

(3)  A person in charge of a hospital or laboratory or in the employ of this state or of any other state, or of any political subdivision thereof, and a master or other proper officer of a ship or aircraft, who obtains controlled substances under the provisions of this section or otherwise, shall not administer, dispense, or otherwise use such controlled substances within this state, except within the scope of her or his employment or official duty, and then only for scientific or medicinal purposes and subject to the provisions of this chapter.

(4)  It shall be unlawful to distribute a controlled substance in a commercial container unless such container bears a label showing the name and address of the manufacturer, the quantity, kind, and form of controlled substance contained therein, and the identifying symbol for such substance, as required by federal law. No person except a pharmacist, for the purpose of dispensing a prescription, or a practitioner, for the purpose of dispensing a controlled substance to a patient, shall alter, deface, or remove any labels so affixed.

History.--s. 6, ch. 73-331; s. 1438, ch. 97-102.

893.07  Records.--

(1)  Every person who engages in the manufacture, compounding, mixing, cultivating, growing, or by any other process producing or preparing, or in the dispensing, importation, or, as a wholesaler, distribution, of controlled substances shall:

(a)  On January 1, 1974, or as soon thereafter as any person first engages in such activity, and every second year thereafter, make a complete and accurate record of all stocks of controlled substances on hand. The inventory may be prepared on the regular physical inventory date which is nearest to, and does not vary by more than 6 months from, the biennial date that would otherwise apply. As additional substances are designated for control under this chapter, they shall be inventoried as provided for in this subsection.

(b)  On and after January 1, 1974, maintain, on a current basis, a complete and accurate record of each substance manufactured, received, sold, delivered, or otherwise disposed of by him or her, except that this subsection shall not require the maintenance of a perpetual inventory.

Compliance with the provisions of federal law pertaining to the keeping of records of controlled substances shall be deemed a compliance with the requirements of this subsection.

(2)  The record of controlled substances received shall in every case show:

(a)  The date of receipt.

(b)  The name and address of the person from whom received.

(c)  The kind and quantity of controlled substances received.

(3)  The record of all controlled substances sold, administered, dispensed, or otherwise disposed of shall show:

(a)  The date of selling, administering, or dispensing.

(b)  The correct name and address of the person to whom or for whose use, or the owner and species of animal for which, sold, administered, or dispensed.

(c)  The kind and quantity of controlled substances sold, administered, or dispensed.

(4)  Every inventory or record required by this chapter, including prescription records, shall be maintained:

(a)  Separately from all other records of the registrant, or

(b)  Alternatively, in the case of Schedule III, IV, or V controlled substances, in such form that information required by this chapter is readily retrievable from the ordinary business records of the registrant.

In either case, records shall be kept and made available for a period of at least 2 years for inspection and copying by law enforcement officers whose duty it is to enforce the laws of this state relating to controlled substances.

(5)  Each person shall maintain a record which shall contain a detailed list of controlled substances lost, destroyed, or stolen, if any; the kind and quantity of such controlled substances; and the date of the discovering of such loss, destruction, or theft.

History.--s. 7, ch. 73-331; s. 1439, ch. 97-102.

893.08  Exceptions.--

(1)  The following may be distributed at retail without a prescription, but only by a registered pharmacist:

(a)  Any compound, mixture, or preparation described in Schedule V.

(b)  Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any depressant or stimulant substance described in s. 893.03(2)(a) or (c) except any amphetamine drug or sympathomimetic amine drug or compound designated as a Schedule II controlled substance pursuant to this chapter; in s. 893.03(3)(a); or in Schedule IV, if:

1.  The compound, mixture, or preparation contains one or more active medicinal ingredients not having depressant or stimulant effect on the central nervous system, and

2.  Such ingredients are included therein in such combinations, quantity, proportion, or concentration as to vitiate the potential for abuse of the controlled substances which do have a depressant or stimulant effect on the central nervous system.

(2)  No compound, mixture, or preparation may be dispensed under subsection (1) unless such substance may, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, be lawfully sold at retail without a prescription.

(3)  The exemptions authorized by this section shall be subject to the following conditions:

(a)  The compounds, mixtures, and preparations referred to in subsection (1) may be dispensed to persons under age 18 only on prescription. A bound volume must be maintained as a record of sale at retail of excepted compounds, mixtures, and preparations, and the pharmacist must require suitable identification from every unknown purchaser.

(b)  Such compounds, mixtures, and preparations shall be sold by the pharmacist in good faith as a medicine and not for the purpose of evading the provisions of this chapter. The pharmacist may, in his or her discretion, withhold sale to any person whom the pharmacist reasonably believes is attempting to purchase excepted compounds, mixtures, or preparations for the purpose of abuse.

(c)  The total quantity of controlled substance listed in Schedule V which may be sold to any one purchaser within a given 48-hour period shall not exceed 120 milligrams of codeine, 60 milligrams dihydrocodeine, 30 milligrams of ethyl morphine, or 240 milligrams of opium.

(d)  Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the kind and quantity of any controlled substance that may be prescribed, administered, or dispensed to any person, or for the use of any person or animal, when it is prescribed, administered, or dispensed in compliance with the general provisions of this chapter.

(4)  The dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-n-methylmorphinan and its salts (dextromethorphan) shall not be deemed to be included in any schedule by reason of enactment of this chapter.

History.--s. 8, ch. 73-331; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 6, ch. 80-354; s. 4, ch. 89-281; s. 2, ch. 93-92; s. 1440, ch. 97-102; s. 105, ch. 97-264.

893.09  Enforcement.--

(1)  The Department of Law Enforcement, all state agencies which regulate professions or institutions affected by the provisions of this chapter, and all peace officers of the state shall enforce all provisions of this chapter except those specifically delegated, and shall cooperate with all agencies charged with the enforcement of the laws of the United States, this state, and all other states relating to controlled substances.

(2)  Any agency authorized to enforce this chapter shall have the right to institute an action in its own name to enjoin the violation of any of the provisions of this chapter. Said action for an injunction shall be in addition to any other action, proceeding, or remedy authorized by law.

(3)  All law enforcement officers whose duty it is to enforce this chapter shall have authority to administer oaths in connection with their official duties, and any person making a material false statement under oath before such law enforcement officers shall be deemed guilty of perjury and subject to the same punishment as prescribed for perjury.

(4)  It shall be unlawful and punishable as provided in chapter 843 for any person to interfere with any such law enforcement officer in the performance of the officer's official duties. It shall also be unlawful for any person falsely to represent himself or herself to be authorized to enforce the drug abuse laws of this state, the United States, or any other state.

(5)  No civil or criminal liability shall be imposed by virtue of this chapter upon any person whose duty it is to enforce the provisions of this chapter, by reason of his or her being lawfully engaged in the enforcement of any law or municipal ordinance relating to controlled substances.

History.--s. 9, ch. 73-331; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 30, ch. 79-8; s. 1441, ch. 97-102.

893.10  Burden of proof.--

(1)  It shall not be necessary for the state to negative any exemption or exception set forth in this chapter in any indictment, information, or other pleading or in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding under this chapter, and the burden of going forward with the evidence with respect to any such exemption or exception shall be upon the person claiming its benefit.

(2)  In the case of a person charged under ¹s. 893.14(1) with the possession of a controlled substance, the label required under s. 893.04(1) or s. 893.05(2) shall be admissible in evidence and shall be prima facie evidence that such substance was obtained pursuant to a valid prescription form or dispensed by a practitioner while acting in the course of his or her professional practice.

History.--s. 10, ch. 73-331; s. 1442, ch. 97-102.

¹Note.--Repealed by s. 14, ch. 80-409.

893.105  Testing and destruction of seized substances.--

(1)  Any controlled substance or listed chemical seized as evidence may be sample tested and weighed by the seizing agency after the seizure. Any such sample and the analysis thereof shall be admissible into evidence in any civil or criminal action for the purpose of proving the nature, composition, and weight of the substance seized. In addition, the seizing agency may photograph or videotape, for use at trial, the controlled substance or listed chemical seized.

(2)  Controlled substances or listed chemicals that are not retained for sample testing as provided in subsection (1) may be destroyed pursuant to a court order issued in accordance with s. 893.12.

History.--s. 1, ch. 82-88; s. 3, ch. 91-279.

893.11  Suspension, revocation, and reinstatement of business and professional licenses.--Upon the conviction in any court of competent jurisdiction of any person holding a license, permit, or certificate issued by a state agency, for sale of, or trafficking in, a controlled substance or for conspiracy to sell, or traffic in, a controlled substance, if such offense is a felony, the clerk of said court shall send a certified copy of the judgment of conviction with the person's license number, permit number, or certificate number on the face of such certified copy to the agency head by whom the convicted defendant has received a license, permit, or certificate to practice his or her profession or to carry on his or her business. Such agency head shall suspend or revoke the license, permit, or certificate of the convicted defendant to practice his or her profession or to carry on his or her business. Upon a showing by any such convicted defendant whose license, permit, or certificate has been suspended or revoked pursuant to this section that his or her civil rights have been restored or upon a showing that the convicted defendant meets the following criteria, the agency head may reinstate or reactivate such license, permit, or certificate when:

(1)  The person has complied with the conditions of paragraphs (a) and (b) which shall be monitored by the Department of Corrections while the person is under any supervisory sanction. If the person fails to comply with provisions of these paragraphs by either failing to maintain treatment or by testing positive for drug use, the department shall notify the licensing, permitting, or certifying agency, which shall revoke the license, permit, or certification. The person under supervision may:

(a)  Seek evaluation and enrollment in, and once enrolled maintain enrollment in until completion, a drug treatment and rehabilitation program which is approved or regulated by the ¹Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. The treatment and rehabilitation program shall be specified by:

1.  The court, in the case of court-ordered supervisory sanctions;

2.  The Parole Commission, in the case of parole, control release, or conditional release; or

3.  The Department of Corrections, in the case of imprisonment or any other supervision required by law.

(b)  Submit to periodic urine drug testing pursuant to procedures prescribed by the Department of Corrections. If the person is indigent, the costs shall be paid by the Department of Corrections; or

(2)  The person has successfully completed an appropriate program under the Correctional Education Program.

This section does not apply to any of the taxes, fees, or permits regulated, controlled, or administered by the Department of Revenue in accordance with s. 213.05.

History.--s. 11, ch. 73-331; s. 1, ch. 77-117; s. 19, ch. 78-95; s. 3, ch. 90-266; s. 126, ch. 91-112; s. 14, ch. 95-325; s. 1443, ch. 97-102.

¹Note.--The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services was redesignated as the Department of Children and Family Services by s. 5, ch. 96-403, and the Department of Health was created by s. 8, ch. 96-403.

893.12  Contraband; seizure, forfeiture, sale.--

(1)  All substances controlled by this chapter and all listed chemicals, which substances or chemicals are handled, delivered, possessed, or distributed contrary to any provisions of this chapter, and all such controlled substances or listed chemicals the lawful possession of which is not established or the title to which cannot be ascertained, are declared to be contraband, are subject to seizure and confiscation by any person whose duty it is to enforce the provisions of the chapter, and shall be disposed of as follows:

(a)  Except as in this section otherwise provided, the court having jurisdiction shall order such controlled substances or listed chemicals forfeited and destroyed. A record of the place where said controlled substances or listed chemicals were seized, of the kinds and quantities of controlled substances or listed chemicals destroyed, and of the time, place, and manner of destruction shall be kept, and a return under oath reporting said destruction shall be made to the court or magistrate by the officer who destroys them.

(b)  Upon written application by the ¹Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, the court by whom the forfeiture of such controlled substances or listed chemicals has been decreed may order the delivery of any of them to said department for distribution or destruction as hereinafter provided.

(c)  Upon application by any hospital or laboratory within the state not operated for private gain, the department may, in its discretion, deliver any controlled substances or listed chemicals that have come into its custody by authority of this section to the applicant for medical use. The department may from time to time deliver excess stocks of such controlled substances or listed chemicals to the United States Drug Enforcement Administration or destroy same.

(d)  The department shall keep a full and complete record of all controlled substances or listed chemicals received and of all controlled substances or listed chemicals disposed of, showing:

1.  The exact kinds, quantities, and forms of such controlled substances or listed chemicals;

2.  The persons from whom received and to whom delivered;

3.  By whose authority received, delivered, and destroyed; and

4.  The dates of the receipt, disposal, or destruction,

which record shall be open to inspection by all persons charged with the enforcement of federal and state drug abuse laws.

(2)(a)  Any vessel, vehicle, aircraft, or drug paraphernalia as defined in s. 893.145 which has been or is being used in violation of any provision of this chapter or in, upon, or by means of which any violation of this chapter has taken or is taking place may be seized and forfeited as provided by the Florida Contraband Forfeiture Act.

(b)  All real property, including any right, title, leasehold interest, and other interest in the whole of any lot or tract of land and any appurtenances or improvements, which real property is used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit or to facilitate the commission of, or which real property is acquired with proceeds obtained as a result of, a violation of any provision of this chapter related to a controlled substance described in s. 893.03(1) or (2) may be seized and forfeited as provided by the Florida Contraband Forfeiture Act except that no property shall be forfeited under this paragraph to the extent of an interest of an owner or lienholder by reason of any act or omission established by that owner or lienholder to have been committed or omitted without the knowledge or consent of that owner or lienholder.

(c)  All moneys, negotiable instruments, securities, and other things of value furnished or intended to be furnished by any person in exchange for a controlled substance described in s. 893.03(1) or (2) or a listed chemical in violation of any provision of this chapter, all proceeds traceable to such an exchange, and all moneys, negotiable instruments, and securities used or intended to be used to facilitate any violation of any provision of this chapter or which are acquired with proceeds obtained in violation of any provision of this chapter may be seized and forfeited as provided by the Florida Contraband Forfeiture Act, except that no property shall be forfeited under this paragraph to the extent of an interest of an owner or lienholder by reason of any act or omission established by that owner or lienholder to have been committed or omitted without the knowledge or consent of that owner or lienholder.

(d)  All books, records, and research, including formulas, microfilm, tapes, and data which are used, or intended for use, or which are acquired with proceeds obtained, in violation of any provision of this chapter related to a controlled substance described in s. 893.03(1) or (2) or a listed chemical may be seized and forfeited as provided by the Florida Contraband Forfeiture Act.

(e)  If any of the property described in this subsection:

1.  Cannot be located;

2.  Has been transferred to, sold to, or deposited with, a third party;

3.  Has been placed beyond the jurisdiction of the court;

4.  Has been substantially diminished in value by any act or omission of the defendant; or

5.  Has been commingled with any property which cannot be divided without difficulty,

the court shall order the forfeiture of any other property of the defendant up to the value of any property subject to forfeiture under this subsection.

(3)  Any law enforcement agency is empowered to authorize or designate officers, agents, or other persons to carry out the seizure provisions of this section. It shall be the duty of any officer, agent, or other person so authorized or designated, or authorized by law, whenever she or he shall discover any vessel, vehicle, aircraft, real property or interest in real property, money, negotiable instrument, security, book, record, or research which has been or is being used or intended to be used, or which is acquired with proceeds obtained, in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter, or in, upon, or by means of which any violation of this chapter has taken or is taking place, to seize such vessel, vehicle, aircraft, real property or interest in real property, money, negotiable instrument, security, book, record, or research and place it in the custody of such person as may be authorized or designated for that purpose by the respective law enforcement agency pursuant to these provisions.

(4)  The rights of any bona fide holder of a duly recorded mortgage or duly recorded vendor's privilege on the property seized under this chapter shall not be affected by the seizure.

History.--s. 12, ch. 73-331; ss. 10, 11, ch. 74-385; s. 471, ch. 77-147; s. 185, ch. 79-164; s. 4, ch. 80-30; s. 9, ch. 80-68; s. 5, ch. 89-148; s. 4, ch. 91-279; s. 1444, ch. 97-102; s. 1, ch. 98-395.

¹Note.--The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services was redesignated as the Department of Children and Family Services by s. 5, ch. 96-403, and the Department of Health was created by s. 8, ch. 96-403.

893.13  Prohibited acts; penalties.--

(1)(a)  Except as authorized by this chapter and chapter 499, it is unlawful for any person to sell, manufacture, or deliver, or possess with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver, a controlled substance. Any person who violates this provision with respect to:

1.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

2.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

3.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(5) commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(b)  Except as provided in this chapter, it is unlawful to sell or deliver in excess of 10 grams of any substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a) or (1)(b), or any combination thereof, ¹or any mixture containing any such substance. Any person who violates this paragraph commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(c)  Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any person to sell, manufacture, or deliver, or possess with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver a controlled substance in, on, or within 1,000 feet of the real property comprising a child care facility as defined in s. 402.302 or a public or private elementary, middle, or secondary school between the hours of 6 a.m. and 12 a.m. Any person who violates this paragraph with respect to:

1.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. The defendant must be sentenced to a minimum term of imprisonment of 3 calendar years unless the offense was committed within 1,000 feet of the real property comprising a child care facility as defined in s. 402.302.

2.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

3.  Any other controlled substance, except as lawfully sold, manufactured, or delivered, must be sentenced to pay a $500 fine and to serve 100 hours of public service in addition to any other penalty prescribed by law.

(d)  Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any person to sell, manufacture, or deliver, or possess with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver, a controlled substance in, on, or within 200 feet of the real property comprising a public or private college, university, or other postsecondary educational institution, or within 200 feet of any public park. Any person who violates this paragraph with respect to:

1.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

2.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

3.  Any other controlled substance, except as lawfully sold, manufactured, or delivered, must be sentenced to pay a $500 fine and to serve 100 hours of public service in addition to any other penalty prescribed by law.

(e)  Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any person to sell, manufacture, or deliver, or possess with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver, a controlled substance not authorized by law in, on, or within 1,000 feet of a physical place for worship at which a church or religious organization regularly conducts religious services or within 1,000 feet of a convenience business as defined in s. 812.171. Any person who violates this paragraph with respect to:

1.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

2.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

3.  Any other controlled substance, except as lawfully sold, manufactured, or delivered, must be sentenced to pay a $500 fine and to serve 100 hours of public service in addition to any other penalty prescribed by law.

(f)  Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any person to sell, manufacture, or deliver, or possess with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver, a controlled substance in, on, or within 200 feet of the real property comprising a public housing facility at any time. For purposes of this section, the term "real property comprising a public housing facility" means real property, as defined in s. 421.03(12), of a public corporation created as a housing authority pursuant to part I of chapter 421. Any person who violates this paragraph with respect to:

1.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

2.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

3.  Any other controlled substance, except as lawfully sold, manufactured, or delivered, must be sentenced to pay a $500 fine and to serve 100 hours of public service in addition to any other penalty prescribed by law.

(2)²(a)  Except as authorized by this chapter and chapter 499, it is unlawful for any person to purchase, or possess with intent to purchase, a controlled substance. Any person who violates this provision with respect to:

1.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

2.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

3.  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(5) commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(b)  Except as provided in this chapter, it is unlawful to purchase in excess of 10 grams of any substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a) or (1)(b), or any combination thereof, ¹or any mixture containing any such substance. Any person who violates this paragraph commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3)  Any person who delivers, without consideration, not more than 20 grams of cannabis, as defined in this chapter, commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. For the purposes of this paragraph, "cannabis" does not include the resin extracted from the plants of the genus Cannabis or any compound manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such resin.

(4)  Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any person 18 years of age or older to deliver any controlled substance to a person under the age of 18 years, or to use or hire a person under the age of 18 years as an agent or employee in the sale or delivery of such a substance, or to use such person to assist in avoiding detection or apprehension for a violation of this chapter. Any person who violates this provision with respect to:

(a)  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b)  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

Imposition of sentence may not be suspended or deferred, nor shall the person so convicted be placed on probation.

(5)  It is unlawful for any person to bring into this state any controlled substance unless the possession of such controlled substance is authorized by this chapter or unless such person is licensed to do so by the appropriate federal agency. Any person who violates this provision with respect to:

(a)  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(d), (2)(a), or (2)(b) commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b)  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(c), (2)(c), (3), or (4) commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(c)  A controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(5) commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(6)(a)  It is unlawful for any person to be in actual or constructive possession of a controlled substance unless such controlled substance was lawfully obtained from a practitioner or pursuant to a valid prescription or order of a practitioner while acting in the course of his or her professional practice or to be in actual or constructive possession of a controlled substance except as otherwise authorized by this chapter. Any person who violates this provision commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b)  If the offense is the possession of not more than 20 grams of cannabis, as defined in this chapter, the person commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. For the purposes of this subsection, "cannabis" does not include the resin extracted from the plants of the genus Cannabis, or any compound manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such resin.

(c)  Except as provided in this chapter, it is unlawful to possess in excess of 10 grams of any substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a) or (1)(b), or any combination thereof, ¹or any mixture containing any such substance. Any person who violates this paragraph commits a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.


³Paragraph (c) as it relates to a child care facility does not apply unless the owner or operator of the facility posts a sign of not less than 2 square feet in size with a word legend that identifies the facility as a licensed child care facility and that is posted on the property of the child care facility in a conspicuous place where the sign is reasonably visible to the public.

(d)  Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary of the laws of this state relating to arrest, a law enforcement officer may arrest without warrant any person who the officer has probable cause to believe is violating the provisions of this chapter relating to possession of cannabis.

(7)(a)  It is unlawful for any person:

1.  To distribute or dispense a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.

2.  To refuse or fail to make, keep, or furnish any record, notification, order form, statement, invoice, or information required under this chapter.

3.  To refuse an entry into any premises for any inspection or to refuse to allow any inspection authorized by this chapter.

4.  To distribute a controlled substance named or described in s. 893.03(1) or (2) except pursuant to an order form as required by s. 893.06.

5.  To keep or maintain any store, shop, warehouse, dwelling, building, vehicle, boat, aircraft, or other structure or place which is resorted to by persons using controlled substances in violation of this chapter for the purpose of using these substances, or which is used for keeping or selling them in violation of this chapter.

6.  To use to his or her own personal advantage, or to reveal, any information obtained in enforcement of this chapter except in a prosecution or administrative hearing for a violation of this chapter.

7.  To withhold information from a practitioner from whom the person seeks to obtain a controlled substance or a prescription for a controlled substance that the person has received a controlled substance or a prescription for a controlled substance of like therapeutic use from another practitioner within the last 30 days.

8.  To possess a prescription form which has not been completed and signed by the practitioner whose name appears printed thereon, unless the person is that practitioner, is an agent or employee of that practitioner, is a pharmacist, or is a supplier of prescription forms who is authorized by that practitioner to possess those forms.

9.  To acquire or obtain, or attempt to acquire or obtain, possession of a controlled substance by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception, or subterfuge.

10.  To affix any false or forged label to a package or receptacle containing a controlled substance.

11.  To furnish false or fraudulent material information in, or omit any material information from, any report or other document required to be kept or filed under this chapter or any record required to be kept by this chapter.

(b)  Any person who violates the provisions of subparagraphs (a)1.-8. commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083; except that, upon a second or subsequent violation, the person commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(c)  Any person who violates the provisions of subparagraphs (a)9.-11. commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(8)  The provisions of subsections (1) through (7) are not applicable to the delivery to, or actual or constructive possession for medical or scientific use or purpose only of controlled substances by, persons included in any of the following classes, or the agents or employees of such persons, for use in the usual course of their business or profession or in the performance of their official duties:

(a)  Pharmacists.

(b)  Practitioners.

(c)  Persons who procure controlled substances in good faith and in the course of professional practice only, by or under the supervision of pharmacists or practitioners employed by them, or for the purpose of lawful research, teaching, or testing, and not for resale.

(d)  Hospitals that procure controlled substances for lawful administration by practitioners, but only for use by or in the particular hospital.

(e)  Officers or employees of state, federal, or local governments acting in their official capacity only, or informers acting under their jurisdiction.

(f)  Common carriers.

(g)  Manufacturers, wholesalers, and distributors.

(h)  Law enforcement officers for bona fide law enforcement purposes in the course of an active criminal investigation.

(9)  Notwithstanding any provision of the sentencing guidelines or the Criminal Punishment Code to the contrary, on or after October 1, 1993, any defendant who:

(a)  Violates subparagraph (1)(a)1., subparagraph (1)(c)2., subparagraph (1)(d)2., subparagraph (2)(a)1., or paragraph (5)(a); and

(b)  Has not previously been convicted, regardless of whether adjudication was withheld, of any felony, other than a violation of subparagraph (1)(a)1., subparagraph (1)(c)2., subparagraph (1)(d)2., subparagraph (2)(a)1., or paragraph (5)(a),

may be required by the court to successfully complete a term of probation pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in s. 948.034(1), in lieu of serving a term of imprisonment.

(10)  Notwithstanding any provision of the sentencing guidelines or the Criminal Punishment Code to the contrary, on or after January 1, 1994, any defendant who:

(a)  Violates subparagraph (1)(a)2., subparagraph (2)(a)2., paragraph (5)(b), or paragraph (6)(a); and

(b)  Has not previously been convicted, regardless of whether adjudication was withheld, of any felony, other than a violation of subparagraph (1)(a)2., subparagraph (2)(a)2., paragraph (5)(b), or paragraph (6)(a),

may be required by the court to successfully complete a term of probation pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in s. 948.034(2), in lieu of serving a term of imprisonment.

History.--s. 13, ch. 73-331; s. 1, ch. 76-200; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 2, ch. 79-1; s. 3, ch. 79-325; s. 5, ch. 80-30; s. 2, ch. 80-70; s. 490, ch. 81-259; s. 2, ch. 82-16; s. 52, ch. 83-215; s. 1, ch. 84-77; s. 5, ch. 85-242; s. 4, ch. 87-243; s. 2, ch. 88-381; s. 4, ch. 89-281; s. 1, ch. 89-524; ss. 1, 6, ch. 90-111; s. 1, ch. 93-59; s. 2, ch. 93-92; s. 1, ch. 93-194; ss. 22, 23, ch. 93-406; s. 2, ch. 96-360; s. 2, ch. 97-1; s. 1, ch. 97-43; s. 1827, ch. 97-102; s. 22, ch. 97-194; s. 106, ch. 97-264; s. 1, ch. 97-269; s. 47, ch. 97-271; s. 1, ch. 98-22.

¹Note.--As enacted by s. 1, ch. 97-43, and s. 1, ch. 97-269. As enacted by s. 2, ch. 97-1, the language reads: "or any mixture containing any substance named or described in s. 893.03(1)(a) or (1)(b)."

²Note.--The directory language of s. 1, ch. 97-269, indicated that paragraph (2)(a) was amended by that section. The paragraph actually amended was (2)(b).

³Note.--Provisions specifically relating to child care facilities are contained in paragraph (1)(c).

893.135  Trafficking; mandatory sentences; suspension or reduction of sentences; conspiracy to engage in trafficking.--

¹(1)  Except as authorized in this chapter or in chapter 499 and notwithstanding the provisions of s. 893.13:

(a)  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, in excess of 50 pounds of cannabis commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in cannabis." If the quantity of cannabis involved:

1.  Is in excess of 50 pounds, but less than 2,000 pounds, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $25,000.

2.  Is 2,000 pounds or more, but less than 10,000 pounds, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

3.  Is 10,000 pounds or more, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $200,000.

(b)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 28 grams or more of cocaine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(a)4., or of any mixture containing cocaine, but less than 150 kilograms of cocaine or any such mixture, commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in cocaine." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 200 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 400 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 400 grams or more, but less than 150 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 150 kilograms or more, but less than 300 kilograms, of cocaine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(a)4., commits the first degree felony of trafficking in cocaine. A person who has been convicted of the first degree felony of trafficking in cocaine under this subparagraph shall be punished by life imprisonment and is ineligible for any form of discretionary early release except pardon or executive clemency or conditional medical release under s. 947.149. However, if the court determines that, in addition to committing any act specified in this paragraph:

a.  The person intentionally killed an individual or counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or caused the intentional killing of an individual and such killing was the result; or

b.  The person's conduct in committing that act led to a natural, though not inevitable, lethal result,

such person commits the capital felony of trafficking in cocaine, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

3.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 300 kilograms or more of cocaine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(a)4., and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person, commits capital importation of cocaine, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(c)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 4 grams or more of any morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or any salt, derivative, isomer, or salt of an isomer thereof, including heroin, as described in s. 893.03(1)(b) or (2)(a), or 4 grams or more of any mixture containing any such substance, but less than 30 kilograms of such substance or mixture, commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in illegal drugs." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 4 grams or more, but less than 14 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 14 grams or more, but less than 28 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 30 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 25 calendar years and pay a fine of $500,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 30 kilograms or more, but less than 60 kilograms, of any morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or any salt, derivative, isomer, or salt of an isomer thereof, including heroin, as described in s. 893.03(1)(b) or (2)(a), or 30 kilograms or more, but less than 60 kilograms, of any mixture containing any such substance, commits the first degree felony of trafficking in illegal drugs. A person who has been convicted of the first degree felony of trafficking in illegal drugs under this subparagraph shall be punished by life imprisonment and is ineligible for any form of discretionary early release except pardon or executive clemency or conditional medical release under s. 947.149. However, if the court determines that, in addition to committing any act specified in this paragraph:

a.  The person intentionally killed an individual or counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or caused the intentional killing of an individual and such killing was the result; or

b.  The person's conduct in committing that act led to a natural, though not inevitable, lethal result,

such person commits the capital felony of trafficking in illegal drugs, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

3.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 60 kilograms or more of any morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or any salt, derivative, isomer, or salt of an isomer thereof, including heroin, as described in s. 893.03(1)(b) or (2)(a), or 60 kilograms or more of any mixture containing any such substance, and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person, commits capital importation of illegal drugs, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(d)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 28 grams or more of phencyclidine or of any mixture containing phencyclidine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(b), commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in phencyclidine." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 200 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 400 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 400 grams or more, but less than 800 grams, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 800 grams or more of phencyclidine or of any mixture containing phencyclidine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(b), and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person commits capital importation of phencyclidine, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(e)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 200 grams or more of methaqualone or of any mixture containing methaqualone, as described in s. 893.03(1)(d), commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in methaqualone." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 5 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 5 kilograms or more, but less than 25 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 25 kilograms or more, but less than 50 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 50 kilograms or more of methaqualone or of any mixture containing methaqualone, as described in s. 893.03(1)(d), and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person commits capital importation of methaqualone, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(f)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 14 grams or more of amphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)2., or methamphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)4., or of any mixture containing amphetamine or methamphetamine, or phenylacetone, phenylacetic acid, or ephedrine in conjunction with other chemicals and equipment utilized in the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine, commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in amphetamine." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 14 grams or more, but less than 28 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 200 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 400 grams, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 400 grams or more of amphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)2., or methamphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)4., or of any mixture containing amphetamine or methamphetamine, or phenylacetone, phenylacetic acid, or ephedrine in conjunction with other chemicals and equipment utilized in the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine, and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person commits capital importation of amphetamine, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(g)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 4 grams or more of flunitrazepam or any mixture containing flunitrazepam as described in s. 893.03(1)(a) commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in flunitrazepam." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 4 grams or more but less than 14 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 14 grams or more but less than 28 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 28 grams or more but less than 30 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 25 calendar years and pay a fine of $500,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of 30 kilograms or more of flunitrazepam or any mixture containing flunitrazepam as described in s. 893.03(1)(a) commits the first degree felony of trafficking in flunitrazepam. A person who has been convicted of the first degree felony of trafficking in flunitrazepam under this subparagraph shall be punished by life imprisonment and is ineligible for any form of discretionary early release except pardon or executive clemency or conditional medical release under s. 947.149. However, if the court determines that, in addition to committing any act specified in this paragraph:

a.  The person intentionally killed an individual or counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or caused the intentional killing of an individual and such killing was the result; or

b.  The person's conduct in committing that act led to a natural, though not inevitable, lethal result,

such person commits the capital felony of trafficking in flunitrazepam, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(2)  A person acts knowingly under subsection (1) if that person intends to sell, purchase, manufacture, deliver, or bring into this state, or to actually or constructively possess, any of the controlled substances listed in subsection (1), regardless of which controlled substance listed in subsection (1) is in fact sold, purchased, manufactured, delivered, or brought into this state, or actually or constructively possessed.

(3)  Notwithstanding the provisions of s. 948.01, with respect to any person who is found to have violated this section, adjudication of guilt or imposition of sentence shall not be suspended, deferred, or withheld, nor shall such person be eligible for parole prior to serving the mandatory minimum term of imprisonment prescribed by this section.

(4)  The state attorney may move the sentencing court to reduce or suspend the sentence of any person who is convicted of a violation of this section and who provides substantial assistance in the identification, arrest, or conviction of any of that person's accomplices, accessories, coconspirators, or principals or of any other person engaged in trafficking in controlled substances. The arresting agency shall be given an opportunity to be heard in aggravation or mitigation in reference to any such motion. Upon good cause shown, the motion may be filed and heard in camera. The judge hearing the motion may reduce or suspend the sentence if the judge finds that the defendant rendered such substantial assistance.

(5)  Any person who agrees, conspires, combines, or confederates with another person to commit any act prohibited by subsection (1) commits a felony of the first degree and is punishable as if he or she had actually committed such prohibited act. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit separate convictions and sentences for a violation of this subsection and any violation of subsection (1).

History.--s. 1, ch. 79-1; s. 1, ch. 80-70; s. 2, ch. 80-353; s. 491, ch. 81-259; s. 1, ch. 82-2; s. 3, ch. 82-16; s. 53, ch. 83-215; s. 5, ch. 87-243; ss. 1, 4, ch. 89-281; s. 1, ch. 90-112; s. 3, ch. 93-92; s. 24, ch. 93-406; s. 15, ch. 95-184; s. 5, ch. 95-415; s. 54, ch. 96-388; s. 3, ch. 97-1; s. 1828, ch. 97-102; s. 23, ch. 97-194.

¹Note.--Section 23, ch. 97-194, amended subsection (1), effective October 1, 1998, to read:

(1)  Except as authorized in this chapter or in chapter 499 and notwithstanding the provisions of s. 893.13:

(a)  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, in excess of 50 pounds of cannabis commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in cannabis." If the quantity of cannabis involved:

1.  Is in excess of 50 pounds, but less than 2,000 pounds, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $25,000.

2.  Is 2,000 pounds or more, but less than 10,000 pounds, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $50,000.

3.  Is 10,000 pounds or more, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $200,000.

(b)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 28 grams or more of cocaine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(a)4., or of any mixture containing cocaine, but less than 150 kilograms of cocaine or any such mixture, commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in cocaine." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 200 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 400 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 400 grams or more, but less than 150 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 150 kilograms or more, but less than 300 kilograms, of cocaine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(a)4., commits the first degree felony of trafficking in cocaine. A person who has been convicted of the first degree felony of trafficking in cocaine under this subparagraph shall be punished by life imprisonment and is ineligible for any form of discretionary early release except pardon or executive clemency or conditional medical release under s. 947.149. However, if the court determines that, in addition to committing any act specified in this paragraph:

a.  The person intentionally killed an individual or counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or caused the intentional killing of an individual and such killing was the result; or

b.  The person's conduct in committing that act led to a natural, though not inevitable, lethal result,


such person commits the capital felony of trafficking in cocaine, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

3.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 300 kilograms or more of cocaine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(a)4., and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person, commits capital importation of cocaine, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(c)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 4 grams or more of any morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or any salt, derivative, isomer, or salt of an isomer thereof, including heroin, as described in s. 893.03(1)(b) or (2)(a), or 4 grams or more of any mixture containing any such substance, but less than 30 kilograms of such substance or mixture, commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in illegal drugs." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 4 grams or more, but less than 14 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 14 grams or more, but less than 28 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 30 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 25 calendar years and pay a fine of $500,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 30 kilograms or more, but less than 60 kilograms, of any morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or any salt, derivative, isomer, or salt of an isomer thereof, including heroin, as described in s. 893.03(1)(b) or (2)(a), or 30 kilograms or more, but less than 60 kilograms, of any mixture containing any such substance, commits the first degree felony of trafficking in illegal drugs. A person who has been convicted of the first degree felony of trafficking in illegal drugs under this subparagraph shall be punished by life imprisonment and is ineligible for any form of discretionary early release except pardon or executive clemency or conditional medical release under s. 947.149. However, if the court determines that, in addition to committing any act specified in this paragraph:

a.  The person intentionally killed an individual or counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or caused the intentional killing of an individual and such killing was the result; or

b.  The person's conduct in committing that act led to a natural, though not inevitable, lethal result,


such person commits the capital felony of trafficking in illegal drugs, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

3.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 60 kilograms or more of any morphine, opium, oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or any salt, derivative, isomer, or salt of an isomer thereof, including heroin, as described in s. 893.03(1)(b) or (2)(a), or 60 kilograms or more of any mixture containing any such substance, and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person, commits capital importation of illegal drugs, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(d)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 28 grams or more of phencyclidine or of any mixture containing phencyclidine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(b), commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in phencyclidine." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 200 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 400 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 400 grams or more, but less than 800 grams, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 800 grams or more of phencyclidine or of any mixture containing phencyclidine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(b), and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person commits capital importation of phencyclidine, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(e)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 200 grams or more of methaqualone or of any mixture containing methaqualone, as described in s. 893.03(1)(d), commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in methaqualone." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 5 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 5 kilograms or more, but less than 25 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 25 kilograms or more, but less than 50 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 50 kilograms or more of methaqualone or of any mixture containing methaqualone, as described in s. 893.03(1)(d), and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person commits capital importation of methaqualone, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(f)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 14 grams or more of amphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)2., or methamphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)4., or of any mixture containing amphetamine or methamphetamine, or phenylacetone, phenylacetic acid, or ephedrine in conjunction with other chemicals and equipment utilized in the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine, commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in amphetamine." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 14 grams or more, but less than 28 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 28 grams or more, but less than 200 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 200 grams or more, but less than 400 grams, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 15 calendar years and pay a fine of $250,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly brings into this state 400 grams or more of amphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)2., or methamphetamine, as described in s. 893.03(2)(c)4., or of any mixture containing amphetamine or methamphetamine, or phenylacetone, phenylacetic acid, or ephedrine in conjunction with other chemicals and equipment utilized in the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine, and who knows that the probable result of such importation would be the death of any person commits capital importation of amphetamine, a capital felony punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

(g)1.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state, or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of, 4 grams or more of flunitrazepam or any mixture containing flunitrazepam as described in s. 893.03(1)(a) commits a felony of the first degree, which felony shall be known as "trafficking in flunitrazepam." If the quantity involved:

a.  Is 4 grams or more but less than 14 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $50,000.

b.  Is 14 grams or more but less than 28 grams, such person shall be sentenced pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and pay a fine of $100,000.

c.  Is 28 grams or more but less than 30 kilograms, such person shall be sentenced to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of 25 calendar years and pay a fine of $500,000.

2.  Any person who knowingly sells, purchases, manufactures, delivers, or brings into this state or who is knowingly in actual or constructive possession of 30 kilograms or more of flunitrazepam or any mixture containing flunitrazepam as described in s. 893.03(1)(a) commits the first degree felony of trafficking in flunitrazepam. A person who has been convicted of the first degree felony of trafficking in flunitrazepam under this subparagraph shall be punished by life imprisonment and is ineligible for any form of discretionary early release except pardon or executive clemency or conditional medical release under s. 947.149. However, if the court determines that, in addition to committing any act specified in this paragraph:

a.  The person intentionally killed an individual or counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or caused the intentional killing of an individual and such killing was the result; or

b.  The person's conduct in committing that act led to a natural, though not inevitable, lethal result,


such person commits the capital felony of trafficking in flunitrazepam, punishable as provided in ss. 775.082 and 921.142. Any person sentenced for a capital felony under this paragraph shall also be sentenced to pay the maximum fine provided under subparagraph 1.

893.1351  Lease or rent for the purpose of trafficking in a controlled substance.--

(1)  A person may not lease or rent any place, structure, or part thereof, trailer, or other conveyance, with the knowledge that such place, structure, trailer, or conveyance will be used for the purpose of trafficking in a controlled substance, as provided in s. 893.135, or the sale of a controlled substance, as provided in s. 893.13.

(2)  A person who violates subsection (1) is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.--s. 1, ch. 91-118.

893.138  Local administrative action to abate drug-related or prostitution-related public nuisances and criminal street gang activity.--

(1)  It is the intent of this section to promote, protect, and improve the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of the counties and municipalities of this state by authorizing the creation of administrative boards with authority to impose administrative fines and other noncriminal penalties in order to provide an equitable, expeditious, effective, and inexpensive method of enforcing ordinances in counties and municipalities under circumstances when a pending or repeated violation continues to exist.

(2)  Any place or premises that has been used on more than two occasions, within a 6-month period:

(a)  As the site of a violation of s. 796.07;

(b)  As the site of the unlawful sale, delivery, manufacture, or cultivation of any controlled substance;

(c)  On one occasion as the site of the unlawful possession of a controlled substance, where such possession constitutes a felony and that has been previously used on more than one occasion as the site of the unlawful sale, delivery, manufacture, or cultivation of any controlled substance; or

(d)  Any place or building used by a criminal street gang for the purpose of conducting a pattern of criminal street gang activity

may be declared to be a public nuisance, and such nuisance may be abated pursuant to the procedures provided in this section.

(3)  Any county or municipality may, by ordinance, create an administrative board to hear complaints regarding the nuisances described in subsection (2). Any employee, officer, or resident of the county or municipality may bring a complaint before the board after giving not less than 3 days' written notice of such complaint to the owner of the place or premises at his or her last known address. After a hearing in which the board may consider any evidence, including evidence of the general reputation of the place or premises, and at which the owner of the premises shall have an opportunity to present evidence in his or her defense, the board may declare the place or premises to be a public nuisance as described in subsection (2).

(4)  If the board declares a place or premises to be a public nuisance, it may enter an order requiring the owner of such place or premises to adopt such procedure as may be appropriate under the circumstances to abate any such nuisance or it may enter an order immediately prohibiting:

(a)  The maintaining of the nuisance;

(b)  The operating or maintaining of the place or premises, including the closure of the place or premises or any part thereof; or

(c)  The conduct, operation, or maintenance of any business or activity on the premises which is conducive to such nuisance.

(5)  An order entered under subsection (4) shall expire after 1 year or at such earlier time as is stated in the order.

(6)  An order entered under subsection (4) may be enforced pursuant to the procedures contained in s. 120.69. This subsection does not subject a municipality that creates a board under this section, or the board so created, to any other provision of chapter 120.

(7)  The board may bring a complaint under s. 60.05 seeking temporary and permanent injunctive relief against any nuisance described in subsection (2).

(8)  This section does not restrict the right of any person to proceed under s. 60.05 against any public nuisance.

(9)  As used in this section, the term "controlled substance" includes any substance sold in lieu of a controlled substance in violation of s. 817.563 or any imitation controlled substance defined in s. 817.564.

(10)  The provisions of this section may be supplemented by a county or municipal ordinance. The ordinance may include, but is not limited to, provisions that establish additional penalties for public nuisances, including fines not to exceed $250 per day; provide for the payment of reasonable costs, including reasonable attorney fees associated with investigations of and hearings on public nuisances; provide for continuing jurisdiction for a period of 1 year over any place or premises that has been or is declared to be a public nuisance; establish penalties, including fines not to exceed $500 per day for recurring public nuisances; provide for the recording of orders on public nuisances so that notice must be given to subsequent purchasers, successors in interest, or assigns of the real property that is the subject of the order; provide that recorded orders on public nuisances may become liens against the real property that is the subject of the order; and provide for the foreclosure of property subject to a lien and the recovery of all costs, including reasonable attorney fees, associated with the recording of orders and foreclosure. No lien created pursuant to the provisions of this section may be foreclosed on real property which is a homestead under s. 4, Art. X of the State Constitution. The total fines imposed pursuant to the authority of this section shall not exceed $7,500. Nothing contained within this section prohibits a county or municipality from proceeding against a public nuisance by any other means.

History.--s. 7, ch. 87-243; s. 2, ch. 90-207; s. 1, ch. 91-143; s. 6, ch. 93-227; s. 1, ch. 94-242; s. 42, ch. 96-388; s. 1829, ch. 97-102; s. 1, ch. 97-200; s. 2, ch. 98-395.

893.145  "Drug paraphernalia" defined.--The term "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter. Drug paraphernalia is deemed to be contraband which shall be subject to civil forfeiture. The term includes, but is not limited to:

(1)  Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in the planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can be derived.

(2)  Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.

(3)  Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance.

(4)  Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying, or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of, controlled substances.

(5)  Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring controlled substances.

(6)  Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances.

(7)  Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, cannabis.

(8)  Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled substances.

(9)  Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances.

(10)  Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances.

(11)  Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body.

(12)  Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing cannabis, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human body, such as:

(a)  Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes, with or without screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls.

(b)  Water pipes.

(c)  Carburetion tubes and devices.

(d)  Smoking and carburetion masks.

(e)  Roach clips: meaning objects used to hold burning material, such as a cannabis cigarette, that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand.

(f)  Miniature cocaine spoons, and cocaine vials.

(g)  Chamber pipes.

(h)  Carburetor pipes.

(i)  Electric pipes.

(j)  Air-driven pipes.

(k)  Chillums.

(l)  Bongs.

(m)  Ice pipes or chillers.

History.--s. 1, ch. 80-30.

893.146  Determination of paraphernalia.--In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court or other authority or jury shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant factors, the following:

(1)  Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use.

(2)  The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this act.

(3)  The proximity of the object to controlled substances.

(4)  The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object.

(5)  Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons who he or she knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a violation of this act. The innocence of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, as to a direct violation of this act shall not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use, or designed for use, as drug paraphernalia.

(6)  Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use.

(7)  Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict its use.

(8)  Any advertising concerning its use.

(9)  The manner in which the object is displayed for sale.

(10)  Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a licensed distributor of or dealer in tobacco products.

(11)  Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object or objects to the total sales of the business enterprise.

(12)  The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community.

(13)  Expert testimony concerning its use.

History.--s. 2, ch. 80-30; s. 1445, ch. 97-102.

893.147  Use, possession, manufacture, delivery, or advertisement of drug paraphernalia.--

(1)  USE OR POSSESSION OF DRUG PARAPHERNALIA.--It is unlawful for any person to use, or to possess with intent to use, drug paraphernalia:

(a)  To plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, or conceal a controlled substance in violation of this chapter; or

(b)  To inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this chapter.

Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(2)  MANUFACTURE OR DELIVERY OF DRUG PARAPHERNALIA.--It is unlawful for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that it will be used:

(a)  To plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, or conceal a controlled substance in violation of this act; or

(b)  To inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of this act.

Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3)  DELIVERY OF DRUG PARAPHERNALIA TO A MINOR.--

(a)  Any person 18 years of age or over who violates subsection (2) by delivering drug paraphernalia to a person under 18 years of age is guilty of a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b)  It is unlawful for any person to sell or otherwise deliver hypodermic syringes, needles, or other objects which may be used, are intended for use, or are designed for use in parenterally injecting substances into the human body to any person under 18 years of age, except that hypodermic syringes, needles, or other such objects may be lawfully dispensed to a person under 18 years of age by a licensed practitioner, parent, or legal guardian or by a pharmacist pursuant to a valid prescription for same. Any person who violates the provisions of this paragraph is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(4)  ADVERTISEMENT OF DRUG PARAPHERNALIA.--It is unlawful for any person to place in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication any advertisement, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in part, is to promote the sale of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia. Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.--s. 3, ch. 80-30; s. 1, ch. 81-149; s. 54, ch. 83-215; s. 1, ch. 85-8; s. 223, ch. 91-224.

893.149  Unlawful possession of listed chemical.--

(1)  It is unlawful for any person to knowingly or intentionally:

(a)  Possess a listed chemical with the intent to unlawfully manufacture a controlled substance;

(b)  Possess or distribute a listed chemical knowing, or having reasonable cause to believe, that the listed chemical will be used to unlawfully manufacture a controlled substance.

(2)  Any person who violates this section is guilty of a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.--s. 5, ch. 91-279.

893.15  Rehabilitation.--Any person who violates s. 893.13(6)(a) or (b) relating to possession may, in the discretion of the trial judge, be required to participate in a substance abuse services program approved or regulated by the ¹Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services pursuant to the provisions of chapter 397, provided the director of such program approves the placement of the defendant in such program. Such required participation shall be imposed in addition to any penalty or probation otherwise prescribed by law. However, the total time of such penalty, probation, and program participation shall not exceed the maximum length of sentence possible for the offense.

History.--s. 15, ch. 73-331; s. 46, ch. 91-110; s. 40, ch. 93-39; s. 3, ch. 94-107; s. 39, ch. 97-194.

¹Note.--The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services was redesignated as the Department of Children and Family Services by s. 5, ch. 96-403, and the Department of Health was created by s. 8, ch. 96-403.

893.165  County alcohol and other drug abuse treatment or education trust funds.--

(1)  Counties in which there is established or in existence a comprehensive alcohol and other drug abuse treatment or education program which meets the standards for qualification of such programs by the ¹Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services are authorized to establish a County Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Trust Fund for the purpose of receiving the assessments collected pursuant to s. 938.23 and disbursing assistance grants on an annual basis to such alcohol and other drug abuse treatment or education program.

(2)  Assessments collected by the clerks of court pursuant to s. 938.23 shall be remitted to the board of county commissioners of the county in which the indictment was found or the prosecution commenced for payment into the County Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Trust Fund. The county commissioners shall require a full report from all clerks of county courts and clerks of circuit courts once each month of the amount of assessments imposed by their courts.

(3)(a)  No county shall receive assessments collected pursuant to s. 938.23 in an amount exceeding that county's jurisdictional share as described in subsection (2).

(b)  Assessments collected by clerks of circuit courts having more than one county in the circuit, for any county in the circuit which does not have a County Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Trust Fund, shall be remitted to the ¹Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, in accordance with administrative rules adopted, for deposit into the department's Community Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Services Grants and Donations Trust Fund for distribution pursuant to the guidelines and priorities developed by the department.

(4)  No assessments shall be remitted to a county until the board of county commissioners has submitted documentation to the court substantiating the establishment of its County Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Trust Fund.

(5)  If the board of county commissioners chooses to establish a County Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Trust Fund, the board shall be responsible for the establishment of such fund and its implementation, administration, supervision, and evaluation.

(6)  In order to receive assistance grants from the County Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Trust Fund, county alcohol and other drug abuse prevention, treatment, or education programs shall be designated by the board of county commissioners as the chosen program recipients. Designations shall be made annually, based on success of the programs.

(7)  An alcohol and other drug abuse treatment or education program recipient shall, in seeking assistance grants from the County Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Trust Fund, provide the board of county commissioners with detailed financial information and requests for expenditures.

History.--s. 4, ch. 88-381; s. 3, ch. 93-194; s. 37, ch. 97-271.

¹Note.--The Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services was redesignated as the Department of Children and Family Services by s. 5, ch. 96-403, and the Department of Health was created by s. 8, ch. 96-403.

893.20  Continuing criminal enterprise.--

(1)  Any person who commits three or more felonies under this chapter in concert with five or more other persons with respect to whom such person occupies a position of organizer, a supervisory position, or any other position of management and who obtains substantial assets or resources from these acts is guilty of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise.

¹(2)  A person who commits the offense of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise is guilty of a life felony, punishable pursuant to the sentencing guidelines and by a fine of $500,000.

(3)  Notwithstanding the provisions of s. 948.01, with respect to any person who is found to have violated this section, adjudication of guilt or imposition of sentence may not be suspended, deferred, or withheld.

(4)  This section does not prohibit separate convictions and sentences for violation of this section and for felony violations of this chapter.

(5)  This section must be interpreted in concert with its federal analog, 21 U.S.C. s. 848.

History.--s. 1, ch. 89-145; s. 25, ch. 93-406; s. 24, ch. 97-194.

¹Note.--Section 24, ch. 97-194, amended subsection (2), effective October 1, 1998, to read:

(2)  A person who commits the offense of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise is guilty of a life felony, punishable pursuant to the Criminal Punishment Code and by a fine of $500,000.