The Florida Senate

401.013  Legislative intent.

401.015  Statewide regional emergency medical telecommunication system.

401.018  System coordination.

401.021  System director.

401.024  System approval.

401.027  Federal assistance.

401.013  Legislative intent.--It is the intention and purpose of the Legislature that a statewide system of regional emergency medical telecommunications be developed whereby maximum use of existing radio channels is achieved in order to more effectively and rapidly provide emergency medical service to the general population. To this end, all emergency medical service entities within the state are directed to provide the Department of Management Services with any information the department requests for the purpose of implementing the provisions of s. 401.015, and such entities shall comply with the resultant provisions established pursuant to this part.

History.--s. 1, ch. 73-254; s. 301, ch. 92-279; s. 55, ch. 92-326; s. 100, ch. 98-279.

401.015  Statewide regional emergency medical telecommunication system.--The Department of Management Services is authorized and directed to develop a statewide system of regional emergency medical telecommunications. For the purpose of this part, the term "telecommunications" means those voice, data, and signaling transmissions and receptions between emergency medical service components, including, but not limited to: ambulances; rescue vehicles; hospitals or other related emergency receiving facilities; emergency communications centers; physicians and emergency medical personnel; paging facilities; law enforcement and fire protection agencies; and poison control, suicide, and emergency management agencies. In formulating such a system, the department shall divide the state into appropriate regions and shall develop a program which includes, but is not limited to, the following provisions:

(1)  A requirements provision, which shall state the telecommunications requirements for each emergency medical entity comprising the region.

(2)  An interfacility communications provision, which shall depict the telecommunications interfaces between the various medical service entities which operate within the region and state.

(3)  An organizational layout provision, which shall include each emergency medical entity and the number of radio operating units (base, mobile, handheld, etc.) per entity.

(4)  A frequency allocation and use provision, which shall include on an entity basis each assigned and planned radio channel and the type of operation (simplex, duplex, half duplex, etc.) on each channel.

(5)  An operational provision, which shall include dispatching, logging, and operating procedures pertaining to telecommunications on an entity basis and regional basis.

(6)  An emergency medical service telephone provision, which shall include the telephone and the numbering plan throughout the region for both the public and interface requirements.

History.--s. 2, ch. 73-254; s. 41, ch. 83-334; s. 302, ch. 92-279; s. 55, ch. 92-326; s. 101, ch. 98-279.

401.018  System coordination.--

(1)  The statewide system of regional emergency medical telecommunications shall be developed by the Department of Management Services, which department shall be responsible for the implementation and coordination of such system into the state telecommunications plan. The department shall adopt any necessary rules and regulations for implementing and coordinating such a system.

(2)  The Department of Management Services shall be designated as the state frequency coordinator for the special emergency radio service.

History.--s. 3, ch. 73-254; s. 102, ch. 98-279.

401.021  System director.--The Secretary of Management Services or his or her designee is designated as the director of the statewide telecommunications system of the regional emergency medical service and, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this part, is authorized to coordinate the activities of the telecommunications system with other interested state, county, local, and private agencies.

History.--s. 4, ch. 73-254; s. 51, ch. 99-399.

401.024  System approval.--From July 1, 1973, no emergency medical telecommunications system shall be established or present systems expanded without prior approval of the Department of Management Services.

History.--s. 5, ch. 73-254; s. 103, ch. 98-279.

401.027  Federal assistance.--The Secretary of Management Services or his or her designee is authorized to apply for and accept federal funding assistance in the development and implementation of a statewide emergency medical telecommunications system.

History.--s. 6, ch. 73-254; s. 52, ch. 99-399.

401.101  Short title.

401.104  Legislative intent.

401.107  Definitions.

401.111  Emergency medical services grant program; authority.

401.113  Department; powers and duties.

401.117  Grant agreements; conditions.

401.121  Rules and regulations.

401.101  Short title.--This part shall be known and may be cited as the "Florida Emergency Medical Services Grant Act."

History.--s. 1, ch. 73-262; s. 8, ch. 89-275; s. 6, ch. 89-283.

401.104  Legislative intent.--It is the legislative intent that emergency medical services are essential to the health and well-being of all citizens and that private and public expenditures for adequate emergency medical services represent a constructive and essential investment in the future of the state and our democratic society. A major impediment to the provision of adequate and economic emergency medical services to all citizens is the inability of governmental and private agencies within a service area to respond cooperatively in order to finance the systematic provision of such services. This grant program is established to encourage and assist such cooperative efforts.

History.--s. 2, ch. 73-262.

401.107  Definitions.--As used in this part, the term:

(1)  "Department" means the Department of Health.

(2)  "Local agency" means the board of county commissioners.

(3)  "Emergency medical services" means the activities or services to prevent or treat a sudden critical illness or injury and to provide emergency medical care and prehospital emergency medical transportation to sick, injured, or otherwise incapacitated persons in this state.

(4)  "Emergency medical services organizations" means public or private entities involved in emergency medical services systems.

(5)  "Rural emergency medical services" means emergency medical services in a county with a total population of 100,000 or fewer people and density of less than 100 people per square mile.

History.--s. 3, ch. 73-262; s. 245, ch. 77-147; s. 9, ch. 89-275; s. 7, ch. 89-283; s. 28, ch. 92-78; s. 39, ch. 97-237.

401.111  Emergency medical services grant program; authority.--The department is hereby authorized to make grants to local agencies and emergency medical services organizations in accordance with any agreement entered into pursuant to this part. These grants shall be designed to assist said agencies and organizations in providing emergency medical services. The cost of administering this program shall be paid by the department from funds appropriated to it.

History.--s. 4, ch. 73-262; s. 246, ch. 77-147; s. 10, ch. 89-275; s. 8, ch. 89-283; s. 40, ch. 97-237.

401.113  Department; powers and duties.--

(1)  Funds deposited into the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund as provided by ss. 316.061, 316.192, 318.21, and 938.07 must be used solely to improve and expand prehospital emergency medical services in the state.

(2)  The department shall annually dispense funds contained in the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund as follows:

(a)  Forty-five percent of such moneys must be divided among the counties according to the proportion of the combined amount deposited in the trust fund from the county. These funds may not be used to match grant funds as identified in paragraph (b). An individual board of county commissioners may distribute these funds to emergency medical service organizations within the county, as it deems appropriate.

(b)  Forty percent of such moneys must be used by the department for making matching grants to local agencies, municipalities, and emergency medical services organizations for the purpose of conducting research, increasing existing levels of emergency medical services, evaluation, community education, injury prevention programs, and training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other lifesaving and first aid techniques.

1.  At least 90 percent of these moneys must be made available on a cash matching basis. A grant made under this subparagraph must be contingent upon the recipient providing a cash sum equal to 25 percent of the total department-approved grant amount.

2.  No more than 10 percent of these moneys must be made available to rural emergency medical services, and notwithstanding the restrictions specified in subsection (1), these moneys may be used for improvement, expansion, or continuation of services provided. A grant made under this subparagraph must be contingent upon the recipient providing a cash sum equal to no more than 10 percent of the total department-approved grant amount.

The department shall develop procedures and standards for grant disbursement under this paragraph based on the need for emergency medical services, the requirements of the population to be served, and the objectives of the state emergency medical services plan.

(c)  Fifteen percent of such moneys must be used by the department for capital equipment outlay, personnel, community education, evaluation, and other costs associated with the administration of this chapter. Any moneys not annually used for this purpose must be used for making additional rural grant funds available.

(3)  The department shall adopt rules to administer this section.

¹(4)  For the 2002-2003 state fiscal year only, and notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (1) and (2), moneys in the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund may also be used for the purpose of funding the rural hospital capital improvement grant program in accordance with the provisions of s. 395.6061. This subsection expires July 1, 2003.

History.--s. 5, ch. 73-262; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 47, ch. 85-81; s. 26, ch. 85-167; s. 5, ch. 85-337; s. 10, ch. 86-154; s. 52, ch. 86-220; s. 11, ch. 89-275; s. 9, ch. 89-283; s. 29, ch. 92-78; s. 35, ch. 97-271; s. 17, ch. 2001-53; s. 6, ch. 2001-380; s. 13, ch. 2002-402.

¹Note.--Section 13, ch. 2002-402, amended subsection (4) "[i]n order to implement Specific Appropriation 644A of the 2002-2003 General Appropriations Act."

401.117  Grant agreements; conditions.--The department shall use the following guidelines in developing the procedures for grant disbursement:

(1)  The need for emergency medical services and the requirements of the population to be served.

(2)  All emergency vehicles and attendants must conform to state standards established by law or rule of the department.

(3)  All vehicles shall contain minimum equipment and supplies as required by law or rule of the department.

(4)  All vehicles shall have at a minimum a direct communications linkup with the operating base and hospital designated as the primary receiving facility.

(5)  Emphasis shall be accorded to applications that contain one or more of the following provisions:

(a)  Services provided on a county, multicounty, or areawide basis.

(b)  A single provider, or a coordinated provider, method of delivering services.

(c)  Coordination of all communication links, including police, fire, emergency vehicles, and other related services.

History.--s. 6, ch. 73-262; s. 247, ch. 77-147; s. 41, ch. 97-237.

401.121  Rules and regulations.--The department is authorized to make rules and regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of this part, including funds and assistance to nonprofit volunteer ambulance organizations desiring to comply with the Florida Emergency Medical Services Grant Act.

History.--s. 7, ch. 73-262; s. 75, ch. 95-143.

401.2101  Short title.

401.211  Legislative intent.

401.23  Definitions.

401.24  Emergency medical services state plan.

401.245  Emergency Medical Services Advisory Council.

401.25  Licensure as a basic life support or an advanced life support service.

401.251  Air ambulance service; licensure.

401.252  Interfacility transfer.

401.26  Vehicle permits for basic life support and advanced life support services.

401.265  Medical directors.

401.268  Protocols with regional poison control centers.

401.27  Personnel; standards and certification.

401.2701  Emergency medical services training programs.

401.271  Certification of emergency medical technicians and paramedics who are on active duty with the Armed Forces of the United States; spouses of members of the Armed Forces.

401.2715  Recertification training of emergency medical technicians and paramedics.

401.272  Emergency medical services community health care.

401.273  Emergency medical technician and paramedic registry for disasters and emergencies.

401.281  Drivers.

401.2915  Automated external defibrillators.

401.30  Records.

401.31  Inspection and examination.

401.321  Transferability of license; effect of sale, transfer, assignment, or lease of service.

401.33  Exemptions.

401.34  Fees.

401.345  Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund.

401.35  Rules.

401.38  Participation in federal programs.

401.41  Penalties.

401.411  Disciplinary action; penalties.

401.414  Complaint investigation procedures.

401.421  Injunctive relief; cease and desist notice; civil penalty; enforcement.

401.425  Emergency medical services quality assurance; immunity from liability.

401.435  First responder agencies and training.

401.445  Emergency examination and treatment of incapacitated persons.

401.45  Denial of emergency treatment; civil liability.

401.2101  Short title.--This part may be cited as the "Raymond H. Alexander, M.D., Emergency Medical Transportation Services Act."

History.--s. 1, ch. 92-78.

401.211  Legislative intent.--The Legislature recognizes that the systematic provision of emergency medical services saves lives and reduces disability associated with illness and injury. In addition, that system of care must be equally capable of assessing, treating, and transporting children, adults, and frail elderly persons. Further, it is the intent of the Legislature to encourage the development and maintenance of emergency medical services because such services are essential to the health and well-being of all citizens of the state. The purpose of this part is to protect and enhance the public health, welfare, and safety through the establishment of an emergency medical services state plan, advisory council, minimum standards for emergency medical services personnel, vehicles, services and medical direction, and the establishment of a statewide inspection program created to monitor the quality of patient care delivered by each licensed service and appropriately certified personnel.

History.--ss. 3, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 1, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 3, ch. 84-317; s. 53, ch. 86-220; s. 12, ch. 89-275; s. 10, ch. 89-283; ss. 2, 36, ch. 92-78.

401.23  Definitions.--As used in this part, the term:

(1)  "Advanced life support" means treatment of life-threatening medical emergencies through the use of techniques such as endotracheal intubation, the administration of drugs or intravenous fluids, telemetry, cardiac monitoring, and cardiac defibrillation by a qualified person, pursuant to rules of the department.

(2)  "Advanced life support service" means any emergency medical transport or nontransport service which uses advanced life support techniques.

(3)  "Air ambulance" means any fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft used for, or intended to be used for, air transportation of sick or injured persons requiring or likely to require medical attention during transport.

(4)  "Air ambulance service" means any publicly or privately owned service, licensed in accordance with the provisions of this part, which operates air ambulances to transport persons requiring or likely to require medical attention during transport.

(5)  "Ambulance" or "emergency medical services vehicle" means any privately or publicly owned land or water vehicle that is designed, constructed, reconstructed, maintained, equipped, or operated for, and is used for, or intended to be used for, land or water transportation of sick or injured persons requiring or likely to require medical attention during transport.

(6)  "Ambulance driver" means any person who meets the requirements of s. 401.281.

(7)  "Basic life support" means treatment of medical emergencies by a qualified person through the use of techniques such as patient assessment, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), splinting, obstetrical assistance, bandaging, administration of oxygen, application of medical antishock trousers, administration of a subcutaneous injection using a premeasured autoinjector of epinephrine to a person suffering an anaphylactic reaction, and other techniques described in the Emergency Medical Technician Basic Training Course Curriculum of the United States Department of Transportation. The term "basic life support" also includes other techniques which have been approved and are performed under conditions specified by rules of the department.

(8)  "Basic life support service" means any emergency medical service which uses only basic life support techniques.

(9)  "Certification" means any authorization issued pursuant to this part to a person to act as an emergency medical technician or a paramedic.

(10)  "Department" means the Department of Health.

(11)  "Emergency medical technician" means a person who is certified by the department to perform basic life support pursuant to this part.

(12)  "Interfacility transfer" means the transportation by ambulance of a patient between two facilities licensed under chapter 393, chapter 395, or chapter 400, pursuant to this part.

(13)  "Licensee" means any basic life support service, advanced life support service, or air ambulance service licensed pursuant to this part.

(14)  "Medical direction" means direct supervision by a physician through two-way voice communication or, when such voice communication is unavailable, through established standing orders, pursuant to rules of the department.

(15)  "Medical director" means a physician who is employed or contracted by a licensee and who provides medical supervision, including appropriate quality assurance but not including administrative and managerial functions, for daily operations and training pursuant to this part.

(16)  "Mutual aid agreement" means a written agreement between two or more entities whereby the signing parties agree to lend aid to one another under conditions specified in the agreement and as sanctioned by the governing body of each affected county.

(17)  "Paramedic" means a person who is certified by the department to perform basic and advanced life support pursuant to this part.

(18)  "Permit" means any authorization issued pursuant to this part for a vehicle to be operated as a basic life support or advanced life support transport vehicle or an advanced life support nontransport vehicle providing basic or advanced life support.

(19)  "Physician" means a practitioner who is licensed under the provisions of chapter 458 or chapter 459. For the purpose of providing "medical direction" as defined in subsection (14) for the treatment of patients immediately prior to or during transportation to a United States Department of Veterans Affairs medical facility, "physician" also means a practitioner employed by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.

(20)  "Registered nurse" means a practitioner who is licensed to practice professional nursing pursuant to part I of chapter 464.

(21)  "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health.

(22)  "Service location" means any permanent location in or from which a licensee solicits, accepts, or conducts business under this part.

History.--s. 3, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 248, ch. 77-147; s. 1, ch. 77-347; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 1, 4, 10, ch. 79-280; s. 257, ch. 81-259; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 4, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 2, 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 4, ch. 84-317; s. 54, ch. 86-220; s. 1, ch. 89-283; ss. 3, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 42, ch. 97-237; s. 107, ch. 2000-318.

401.24  Emergency medical services state plan.--The department is responsible, at a minimum, for the improvement and regulation of basic and advanced life support programs. The department shall develop and biennially revise a comprehensive state plan for basic and advanced life support services, the emergency medical services grants program, state-approved trauma centers, state-approved pediatric trauma referral centers, the injury control program, and medical disaster preparedness. The state plan shall include, but need not be limited to:

(1)  Emergency medical systems planning, including the prehospital and hospital phases of patient care, and injury control effort and unification of such services into a total delivery system to include air, water, and land services.

(2)  Requirements for the operation, coordination, and ongoing development of emergency medical services, which includes: basic life support or advanced life support vehicles, equipment, and supplies; communications; personnel; training; public education; state trauma system; injury control; and other medical care components.

(3)  The definition of areas of responsibility for regulating and planning the ongoing and developing delivery service requirements.

History.--s. 4, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 5, 10, ch. 79-280; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 5, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 3, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 5, ch. 84-317; s. 55, ch. 86-220; ss. 4, 36, ch. 92-78.

401.245  Emergency Medical Services Advisory Council.--

(1)  There is hereby created an advisory council for the purpose of acting as the advisory body to the emergency medical services program. The duties of the council include, but are not limited to:

(a)  Identifying and making recommendations to the department concerning the appropriateness of suggested changes to statutes and administrative rules.

(b)  Acting as a clearinghouse for information specific to changes in the provision of emergency medical services and trauma care.

(c)  Providing technical support to the department in the areas of emergency medical services and trauma systems design, required medical and rescue equipment, required drugs and dosages, medical treatment protocols and emergency medical services personnel education and training requirements.

(d)  Assisting in developing the emergency medical services portion of the department's annual legislative package.

(e)  Providing a forum for discussing significant issues facing the emergency medical services and trauma care communities.

(f)  Providing a forum for planning the continued development of the state's emergency medical services system through the joint production of the emergency medical services state plan.

(g)  Assisting the department in developing the emergency medical services quality management program.

(h)  Assisting the department in setting program priorities.

(i)  Providing feedback to the department on the administration and performance of the emergency medical services program.

(j)  Providing technical support to the emergency medical services grants program.

(k)  Assisting the department in emergency medical services public education.

(l)  Assisting in the development of the department's injury prevention and control program.

(2)(a)  No more than 15 members may be appointed to this council. Members shall be appointed for 4-year terms in such a manner that each year the terms of approximately one-fourth of the members expire. The chair of the council shall be designated by the secretary. Vacancies shall be filled for the remainder of unexpired terms in the same manner as the original appointment. Members shall receive no compensation but may be reimbursed for per diem and travel expenses.

(b)  Representation on the Emergency Medical Services Advisory Council shall include: two licensed physicians who are "medical directors" as defined in s. 401.23(15) or whose medical practice is closely related to emergency medical services; two emergency medical service administrators, one of whom is employed by a fire service; two certified paramedics, one of whom is employed by a fire service; two certified emergency medical technicians, one of whom is employed by a fire service; one emergency medical services educator; one emergency nurse; one hospital administrator; one representative of air ambulance services; one representative of a commercial ambulance operator; and two laypersons who are in no way connected with emergency medical services, one of whom is a representative of the elderly. Ex officio members of the advisory council from state agencies shall include, but shall not be limited to, representatives from the Department of Education, the Department of Management Services, the Department of Insurance, the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of Community Affairs.

(c)  Appointments to the council shall be made by the secretary, except that state agency representatives shall be appointed by the respective agency head.

(3)  Any Emergency Medical Services Advisory Council member shall be removed from office for malfeasance; misfeasance; neglect of duty; incompetence; permanent inability to perform official duties; or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to, or being found guilty of, a felony.

(4)  The council shall hold meetings at the call of the chair, upon the written request of five members of the council, or at the call of the staff director of the emergency medical services program office. A majority of the members of the council shall constitute a quorum. Minutes shall be recorded for all meetings of the council and shall be maintained on file in the emergency medical services program office.

(5)  The department shall adopt rules to implement this section, which rules shall serve as formal operating procedures for the Emergency Medical Services Advisory Council.

(6)  There is established a committee to advise the Department of Health on matters concerning preventative, prehospital, hospital, rehabilitative, and other posthospital medical care for children.

(a)  Committee members shall be appointed by the secretary, and shall include, but not be limited to, physicians and other medical professionals that have experience in emergency medicine or expertise in emergency and critical care for children.

(b)  Appointments to the committee shall be for a term of 2 years. Vacancies may be filled for the unexpired term at the discretion of the secretary. The members shall serve without compensation, and shall not be reimbursed for necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties, unless there is funding available from the Federal Government or contributions or grants from private sources.

History.--ss. 4, 13, ch. 83-196; ss. 14, 56, ch. 86-220; s. 5, ch. 88-186; s. 13, ch. 89-275; s. 11, ch. 89-283; ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 92-46; s. 36, ch. 92-78; s. 7, ch. 92-174; s. 76, ch. 95-143; s. 791, ch. 95-148; s. 45, ch. 95-196; s. 43, ch. 97-237.

401.25  Licensure as a basic life support or an advanced life support service.--

(1)  Every person, firm, corporation, association, or governmental entity owning or acting as agent for the owner of any business or service which furnishes, operates, conducts, maintains, advertises, engages in, proposes to engage in, or professes to engage in the business or service of providing prehospital or interfacility advanced life support services or basic life support transportation services must be licensed as a basic life support service or an advanced life support service, whichever is applicable, before offering such service to the public. The application for such license must be submitted to the department on forms provided for this purpose. The application must include documentation that the applicant meets the appropriate requirements for a basic life support service or an advanced life support service, whichever is applicable, as specified by rule of the department.

(2)  The department shall issue a license for operation to any applicant who complies with the following requirements:

(a)  The applicant has paid the fees required by s. 401.34.

(b)  The ambulances, equipment, vehicles, personnel, communications systems, staffing patterns, and services of the applicant meet the requirements of this part, including the appropriate rules for either a basic life support service or an advanced life support service, whichever is applicable.

(c)  The applicant has furnished evidence of adequate insurance coverage for claims arising out of injury to or death of persons and damage to the property of others resulting from any cause for which the owner of such business or service would be liable. The applicant must provide insurance in such sums and under such terms as required by the department. In lieu of such insurance, the applicant may furnish a certificate of self-insurance evidencing that the applicant has established an adequate self-insurance plan to cover such risks and that the plan has been approved by the Department of Insurance.

(d)  The applicant has obtained a certificate of public convenience and necessity from each county in which the applicant will operate. In issuing the certificate of public convenience and necessity, the governing body of each county shall consider the recommendations of municipalities within its jurisdiction.

(3)  The department may suspend or revoke a license at any time if it determines that the licensee has failed to maintain compliance with the requirements prescribed for operating a basic or advanced life support service.

(4)  Each license issued in accordance with this part will expire automatically 2 years after the date of issuance.

(5)  The requirements for renewal of any license issued under this part are the same as the requirements for original licensure that are in effect at the time of renewal.

(6)  The governing body of each county may adopt ordinances that provide reasonable standards for certificates of public convenience and necessity for basic or advanced life support services and air ambulance services. In developing standards for certificates of public convenience and necessity, the governing body of each county must consider state guidelines, recommendations of the local or regional trauma agency created under chapter 395, and the recommendations of municipalities within its jurisdiction.

(7)(a)  Each permitted basic life support ambulance not specifically exempted from this part, when transporting a person who is sick, injured, wounded, incapacitated, or helpless, must be occupied by at least two persons: one patient attendant who is a certified emergency medical technician, certified paramedic, or licensed physician; and one ambulance driver who meets the requirements of s. 401.281. This paragraph does not apply to interfacility transfers governed by s. 401.252(1).

(b)  Each permitted advanced life support ambulance not specifically exempted from this part, when transporting a person who is sick, injured, wounded, incapacitated, or helpless, must be occupied by at least two persons: one who is a certified paramedic or licensed physician; and one who is a certified emergency medical technician, certified paramedic, or licensed physician who also meets the requirements of s. 401.281 for drivers. The person with the highest medical certifications shall be in charge of patient care. This paragraph does not apply to interfacility transfers governed by s. 401.252(1).

History.--ss. 5, 16, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 249, ch. 77-147; s. 1, ch. 77-457; s. 19, ch. 78-95; ss. 6, 10, ch. 79-280; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 6, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 5, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 54, ch. 83-218; s. 6, ch. 84-317; s. 57, ch. 86-220; s. 14, ch. 89-275; s. 12, ch. 89-283; ss. 5, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 29, ch. 99-397.

401.251  Air ambulance service; licensure.--

(1)  Each person, firm, corporation, association, or governmental entity that owns or acts as an agent for the owner of any business or service that furnishes, operates, conducts, maintains, advertises, engages in, proposes to engage in, or professes to engage in the business or service of transporting by air ambulance persons who require or are likely to require medical attention during transport must be licensed as an air ambulance service, before offering such service.

(2)  The application for this license must be submitted to the department on forms provided for this purpose. The application must include documentation that the applicant meets the appropriate requirements for an air ambulance service as specified by rule of the department.

(3)  An applicant who seeks licensure as an air ambulance service must:

(a)  Submit a completed application to the department on such forms and including such information as specified by rule of the department.

(b)  Submit the appropriate fee as provided in s. 401.34.

(c)  Specify the location of all required medical equipment and provide documentation that all such equipment is available and in good working order.

(d)  Provide documentation that all aircraft and crew members meet applicable Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations.

(e)  Provide proof of adequate insurance coverage of not less than $100,000 per person and $300,000 per incident, or a greater amount if specified by rule of the department, for claims arising out of injury or death of persons and damage to property of others resulting from any cause for which the owner of such business or service would be liable. Self-insurance is an acceptable alternative as specified in s. 401.25(2)(c).

(f)  Specify whether the service uses either fixed-winged or rotary-winged aircraft, or both.

(4)(a)  If a service provides interhospital air transport, air transport from hospital to another facility, air transport from hospital to home, or similar air transport, the service must provide evidence that it has employed or contracted with a medical director to advise the service on the appropriate staffing, equipment, and supplies to be used for the transport of any patient aboard an air ambulance and must provide information to referring physicians regarding special medical requirements and restrictions when transporting by air ambulance.

(b)  If the air ambulance service uses rotary-winged aircraft in conjunction with another emergency medical service, the air ambulance service must meet the provisions of this section and must meet separate basic life support and advanced life support requirements unique to air ambulance operations as is required by rules of the department. Such service is subject to the provisions of s. 401.25 relating to a certificate of public convenience and necessity; however, a service may operate in any county under the terms of mutual aid agreements.

(c)  Unless, in the opinion of the attending physician, the patient has an emergency medical condition as defined by s. 395.002, the service must provide each person using the service, before rendering the service, a written description of the services to be rendered and the cost of those services.

(5)  In order to renew a license for air ambulance service, the applicant must:

(a)  Submit a renewal application to the department not more than 90 days nor less than 60 days before the license expires.

(b)  Submit the appropriate renewal fee as provided in s. 401.34.

(c)  Provide documentation that current standards for issuance of a license are met.

(6)  Any advanced life support service licensee may engage in air ambulance operations by complying with the appropriate provisions of this section and requirements specified by rule of the department.

History.--ss. 11, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 1, ch. 91-169; ss. 27, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 73, ch. 92-289.

Note.--Former s. 401.48.

401.252  Interfacility transfer.--

(1)  A licensed basic or advanced life support ambulance service may conduct interfacility transfers in a permitted ambulance, using a registered nurse in place of an emergency medical technician or paramedic, if:

(a)  The registered nurse holds a current certificate of successful course completion in advanced cardiac life support;

(b)  The physician in charge has granted permission for such a transfer, has designated the level of service required for such transfer, and has deemed the patient to be in such a condition appropriate to this type of ambulance staffing; and

(c)  The registered nurse operates within the scope of part I of chapter 464.

(2)  A licensed basic or advanced life support service may conduct interfacility transfers in a permitted ambulance if the patient's treating physician certifies that the transfer is medically appropriate and the physician provides reasonable transfer orders. An interfacility transfer must be conducted in a permitted ambulance if it is determined that the patient needs, or is likely to need, medical attention during transport. If the emergency medical technician or paramedic believes the level of patient care required during the transfer is beyond his or her capability, the medical director, or his or her designee, must be contacted for clearance prior to conducting the transfer. If necessary, the medical director, or his or her designee, shall attempt to contact the treating physician for consultation to determine the appropriateness of the transfer.

(3)  Infants less than 28 days old or infants weighing less than 5 kilograms, who require critical care interfacility transport to a neonatal intensive care unit, shall be transported in a permitted advanced life support or basic life support transport ambulance, or in a permitted advanced life support or basic life support ambulance that is recognized by the department as meeting designated criteria for neonatal interfacility critical care transport.

(4)  The department shall adopt and enforce rules to carry out this section, including rules for permitting, equipping, and staffing transport ambulances and that govern the medical direction under which interfacility transfers take place.

History.--ss. 7, 25, ch. 82-402; s. 13, ch. 83-196; ss. 6, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 792, ch. 95-148; s. 44, ch. 97-237; s. 108, ch. 2000-318.

401.26  Vehicle permits for basic life support and advanced life support services.--

(1)  Every licensee shall possess a valid permit for each transport vehicle, advanced life support nontransport vehicle, and aircraft in use. Applications for such permits shall be made upon forms prescribed by the department. The licensee shall provide documentation that each vehicle for which a permit is sought meets the appropriate requirements for a basic life support or advanced life support service vehicle, whichever is applicable, as specified by rule of the department. A permit is not required for an advanced life support nontransport vehicle that is intended to be used for scene supervision, incident command, or the augmentation of supplies.

(2)  To receive a valid permit, the applicant must submit a completed application form for each vehicle or aircraft for which a permit is desired, pay the appropriate fees established as provided in s. 401.34, and provide documentation that each vehicle or aircraft meets the following requirements as established by rule of the department; the vehicle or aircraft must:

(a)  Be furnished with essential medical supplies and equipment which is in good working order.

(b)  Meet appropriate standards for design and construction.

(c)  Be equipped with an appropriate communication system.

(d)  Meet appropriate safety standards.

(e)  Meet sanitation and maintenance standards.

(f)  Be insured for an appropriate sum against injuries to or the death of any person arising out of an accident.

(3)  The department may deny, suspend, or revoke a permit if it determines that the vehicle, aircraft, or equipment fails to meet the requirements specified in this part or in the rules of the department.

(4)  A permit issued in accordance with this section will expire automatically concurrent with the service license.

(5)  In order to renew a vehicle or aircraft permit issued pursuant to this part, the applicant must:

(a)  Submit a renewal application. Such application must be received by the department not more than 90 days or less than 30 days prior to the expiration of the permit.

(b)  Submit the appropriate fee or fees, established as provided in s. 401.34.

(c)  Provide documentation that current standards for issuance of a permit are met.

(6)  The department shall establish criteria and time limits for substitution of permitted vehicles that are out of service for maintenance purposes.

(7)  The department shall adopt and enforce rules necessary to administer this section.

History.--s. 6, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 250, ch. 77-147; s. 1, ch. 77-457; s. 19, ch. 78-95; ss. 7, 10, ch. 79-280; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 9, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; s. 13, ch. 83-196; s. 56, ch. 83-218; s. 8, ch. 84-317; s. 58, ch. 86-220; ss. 7, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 19, ch. 98-151.

401.265  Medical directors.--

(1)  Each basic life support transportation service or advanced life support service must employ or contract with a medical director. The medical director must be a licensed physician; a corporation, association, or partnership composed of physicians; or physicians employed by any hospital that delivers in-hospital emergency medical services and employs or contracts with physicians specifically for that purpose. Such a hospital, physician, corporation, association, or partnership must designate one physician from that organization to be medical director at any given time. The medical director must supervise and assume direct responsibility for the medical performance of the emergency medical technicians and paramedics operating for that emergency medical services system. The medical director must perform duties including advising, consulting, training, counseling, and overseeing of services, including appropriate quality assurance but not including administrative and managerial functions.

(2)  Each medical director shall establish a quality assurance committee to provide for quality assurance review of all emergency medical technicians and paramedics operating under his or her supervision. If the medical director has reasonable belief that conduct by an emergency medical technician or paramedic may constitute one or more grounds for discipline as provided by this part, he or she shall document facts and other information related to the alleged violation. The medical director shall report to the department any emergency medical technician or paramedic whom the medical director reasonably believes to have acted in a manner which might constitute grounds for disciplinary action. Such a report of disciplinary concern must include a statement and documentation of the specific acts of the disciplinary concern. Within 7 days after receipt of such a report, the department shall provide the emergency medical technician or paramedic a copy of the report of the disciplinary concern and documentation of the specific acts related to the disciplinary concern. If the department determines that the report is insufficient for disciplinary action against the emergency medical technician or paramedic pursuant to s. 401.411, the report shall be expunged from the record of the emergency medical technician or paramedic.

(3)  Any medical director who in good faith gives oral or written instructions to certified emergency medical services personnel for the provision of emergency care shall be deemed to be providing emergency medical care or treatment for the purposes of s. 768.13(2).

(4)  Each medical director who uses a paramedic or emergency medical technician to perform blood pressure screening, health promotion, and wellness activities, or to administer immunization on any patient under a protocol as specified in s. 401.272, which is not in the provision of emergency care, is liable for any act or omission of any paramedic or emergency medical technician acting under his or her supervision and control when performing such services.

(5)  The department shall adopt and enforce all rules necessary to administer this section.

History.--ss. 6, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 8, ch. 88-186; s. 15, ch. 89-275; s. 13, ch. 89-283; s. 70, ch. 89-374; ss. 8, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 34, ch. 93-211; s. 793, ch. 95-148; s. 45, ch. 97-237; s. 3, ch. 98-87; s. 20, ch. 98-151.

401.268  Protocols with regional poison control centers.--By October 1, 1999, each licensee shall implement a prehospital emergency dispatch protocol with the regional poison control center established pursuant to s. 395.1027. The prehospital emergency dispatch protocol shall be developed by the licensee's medical director in conjunction with the designated regional poison control center responsible for the geographic area in which the licensee operates. The protocol shall define toxic substances and describe the procedure by which the designated regional poison control center may be consulted by the licensee. If a call is transferred to the regional poison control center in accordance with the protocol established under this section and s. 395.1027, the regional poison control center shall assume responsibility and liability for the call.

History.--s. 2, ch. 98-7.

401.27  Personnel; standards and certification.--

(1)  Each permitted ambulance not specifically exempted from this part, when transporting a person who is sick, injured, wounded, incapacitated, or helpless, must be occupied by at least two persons, one of whom must be a certified emergency medical technician, certified paramedic, or licensed physician and one of whom must be a driver who meets the requirements for ambulance drivers. This subsection does not apply to interfacility transfers governed by s. 401.252(1).

(2)  The department shall establish by rule educational and training criteria and examinations for the certification and recertification of emergency medical technicians and paramedics. Such rules must require, but need not be limited to:

(a)  For emergency medical technicians, proficiency in techniques identified in s. 401.23(7) and in rules of the department.

(b)  For paramedics, proficiency in techniques identified in s. 401.23(1) and in rules of the department.

(3)  Any person who desires to be certified or recertified as an emergency medical technician or paramedic must apply to the department under oath on forms provided by the department which shall contain such information as the department reasonably requires, which may include affirmative evidence of ability to comply with applicable laws and rules. The department shall determine whether the applicant meets the requirements specified in this section and in rules of the department and shall issue a certificate to any person who meets such requirements.

(4)  An applicant for certification or recertification as an emergency medical technician or paramedic must:

(a)  Have completed an appropriate training course as follows:

1.  For an emergency medical technician, an emergency medical technician training course equivalent to the most recent emergency medical technician basic training course of the United States Department of Transportation as approved by the department;

2.  For a paramedic, a paramedic training program equivalent to the most recent paramedic course of the United States Department of Transportation as approved by the department;

(b)  Certify under oath that he or she is not addicted to alcohol or any controlled substance;

(c)  Certify under oath that he or she is free from any physical or mental defect or disease that might impair the applicant's ability to perform his or her duties;

(d)  Within 1 year after course completion have passed an examination developed or required by the department;

(e)1.  For an emergency medical technician, hold either a current American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation course card or an American Red Cross cardiopulmonary resuscitation course card or its equivalent as defined by department rule;

2.  For a paramedic, hold a certificate of successful course completion in advanced cardiac life support from the American Heart Association or its equivalent as defined by department rule;

(f)  Submit the certification fee and the nonrefundable examination fee prescribed in s. 401.34, which examination fee will be required for each examination administered to an applicant; and

(g)  Submit a completed application to the department, which application documents compliance with paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (e), (f), (g), and, if applicable, (d). The application must be submitted so as to be received by the department at least 30 calendar days before the next regularly scheduled examination for which the applicant desires to be scheduled.

(5)  The certification examination must be offered monthly. The department shall issue an examination admission notice to the applicant advising him or her of the time and place of the examination for which he or she is scheduled. Individuals achieving a passing score on the certification examination may be issued a temporary certificate with their examination grade report. The department must issue an original certification within 45 days after the examination. Examination questions and answers are not subject to discovery but may be introduced into evidence and considered only in camera in any administrative proceeding under chapter 120. If an administrative hearing is held, the department shall provide challenged examination questions and answers to the administrative law judge. The department shall establish by rule the procedure by which an applicant, and the applicant's attorney, may review examination questions and answers in accordance with s. 119.07(3)(a).

(6)(a)  The department shall establish by rule a procedure for biennial renewal certification of emergency medical technicians. Such rules must require a United States Department of Transportation refresher training program of at least 30 hours as approved by the department every 2 years. The refresher program may be offered in multiple presentations spread over the 2-year period. The rules must also provide that the refresher course requirement may be satisfied by passing a challenge examination.

(b)  The department shall establish by rule a procedure for biennial renewal certification of paramedics. Such rules must require candidates for renewal to have taken at least 30 hours of continuing education units during the 2-year period. The rules must provide that the continuing education requirement may be satisfied by passing a challenge examination.

(7)  A physician, dentist, or registered nurse may be certified as a paramedic if the physician, dentist, or registered nurse is certified in this state as an emergency medical technician, has passed the required emergency medical technician curriculum, has successfully completed an advanced cardiac life support course, has passed the examination for certification as a paramedic, and has met other certification requirements specified by rule of the department. A physician, dentist, or registered nurse so certified must be recertified under this section.

(8)  Each emergency medical technician certificate and each paramedic certificate will expire automatically and may be renewed if the holder meets the qualifications for renewal as established by the department. A certificate that is not renewed at the end of the 2-year period will automatically revert to an inactive status for a period not to exceed 180 days. Such certificate may be reactivated and renewed within the 180 days if the certificateholder meets all other qualifications for renewal and pays a $25 late fee. Reactivation shall be in a manner and on forms prescribed by department rule. The holder of a certificate that expired on December 1, 1996, has until September 30, 1997, to reactivate the certificate in accordance with this subsection.

(9)  The department may suspend or revoke a certificate at any time if it determines that the holder does not meet the applicable qualifications.

(10)  The department may provide by rule for physically disabled persons to take and be provided with the results of the written portion of the emergency medical technician certification examination or paramedic certification examination. However, such persons may not receive any special assistance in completing the examination. An individual who achieves a passing grade on the emergency medical technician certification examination or paramedic certification examination may be issued a limited emergency medical technician certificate or a limited paramedic certificate. An individual issued a limited certificate may not perform patient care or treatment activities.

(11)(a)  A certificateholder may request that his or her emergency medical technician certificate or paramedic certificate be placed on inactive status by applying to the department before his or her current certification expires and paying a fee set by the department not to exceed $50.

(b)1.  A certificateholder whose certificate has been on inactive status for 1 year or less following the date his or her emergency medical technician certificate or paramedic certificate expired may renew his or her certificate pursuant to the rules adopted by the department and upon payment of a late renewal fee set by the department not to exceed $100.

2.  A certificateholder whose certificate has been on inactive status for more than 1 year may renew his or her certificate pursuant to rules adopted by the department. To renew, the certificateholder must pass the certification examination and complete continuing education requirements and a field internship.

(c)  A certificate which has been inactive for more than 6 years automatically expires and may not be reinstated.

(12)  An applicant for certification who is an out-of-state trained emergency medical technician or paramedic must provide proof of current emergency medical technician or paramedic certification or registration based upon successful completion of the United States Department of Transportation emergency medical technician or paramedic training curriculum and hold a current certificate of successful course completion in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or advanced cardiac life support for emergency medical technicians or paramedics, respectively, to be eligible for the certification examination. The applicant must successfully complete the certification examination within 1 year after the date of the receipt of his or her application by the department. After 1 year, the applicant must submit a new application, meet all eligibility requirements, and submit all fees to reestablish eligibility to take the certification examination.

(13)  The department shall adopt a standard state insignia for emergency medical technicians and paramedics. The department shall establish by rule the requirements to display the state emergency medical technician and paramedic insignia. The rules may not require a person to wear the standard insignia but must require that if a person wears any insignia that identifies the person as a certified emergency medical technician or paramedic in this state, the insignia must be the standard state insignia adopted under this section. The insignia must denote the individual's level of certification at which he or she is functioning.

History.--s. 7, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 251, ch. 77-147; s. 1, ch. 77-257; s. 2, ch. 77-347; s. 1, ch. 77-457; s. 19, ch. 78-95; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 10, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 6, 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 9, ch. 84-317; s. 1, ch. 86-74; s. 59, ch. 86-220; ss. 9, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 794, ch. 95-148; s. 46, ch. 97-237; s. 30, ch. 99-397; s. 18, ch. 2001-53.

401.2701  Emergency medical services training programs.--

(1)  Any private or public institution in Florida desiring to conduct an approved program for the education of emergency medical technicians and paramedics shall:

(a)  Submit a completed application on a form provided by the department, which must include:

1.  Evidence that the institution is in compliance with all applicable requirements of the Department of Education.

2.  Evidence of an affiliation agreement with a hospital that has an emergency department staffed by at least one physician and one registered nurse.

3.  Evidence of an affiliation agreement with a current Florida-licensed emergency medical services provider. Such agreement shall include, at a minimum, a commitment by the provider to conduct the field experience portion of the education program.

4.  Documentation verifying faculty, including:

a.  A medical director who is a licensed physician meeting the applicable requirements for emergency medical services medical directors as outlined in this chapter and rules of the department. The medical director shall have the duty and responsibility of certifying that graduates have successfully completed all phases of the education program and are proficient in basic or advanced life support techniques, as applicable.

b.  A program director responsible for the operation, organization, periodic review, administration, development, and approval of the program.

5.  Documentation verifying that the curriculum:

a.  Meets the course guides and instructor's lesson plans in the most recent Emergency Medical Technician-Basic National Standard Curricula for emergency medical technician programs and Emergency Medical Technician-Paramedic National Standard Curricula for paramedic programs.

b.  Includes 2 hours of instruction on the trauma scorecard methodologies for assessment of adult trauma patients and pediatric trauma patients as specified by the department by rule.

c.  Includes 4 hours of instruction on HIV/AIDS training consistent with the requirements of chapter 381.

6.  Evidence of sufficient medical and educational equipment to meet emergency medical services training program needs.

(b)  Receive a scheduled site visit from the department to the applicant's institution. Such site visit shall be conducted within 30 days after notification to the institution that the application was accepted. During the site visit, the department must determine the applicant's compliance with the following criteria:

1.  Emergency medical technician programs must be a minimum of 110 hours, with at least 20 hours of supervised clinical supervision, including 10 hours in a hospital emergency department.

2.  Paramedic programs must be available only to Florida-certified emergency medical technicians or an emergency medical technician applicant who will obtain Florida certification prior to completion of phase one of the paramedic program. Paramedic programs must be a minimum of 700 hours of didactic and skills practice components, with the skills laboratory student-to-instructor ratio not exceeding six to one. Paramedic programs must provide a field internship experience aboard an advanced life support permitted ambulance.

(2)  After completion of the site visit, the department shall prepare a report which shall be provided to the institution. Upon completion of the report, the application shall be deemed complete and the provisions of s. 120.60 shall apply.

(3)  If the program is approved, the department must issue the institution a 2-year certificate of approval as an emergency medical technician training program or a paramedic training program. If the application is denied, the department must notify the applicant of any areas of strength, areas needing improvement, and any suggested means of improvement of the program. A denial notification shall be provided to the applicant so as to allow the applicant 5 days prior to the expiration of the application processing time in s. 120.60 to advise the department in writing of its intent to submit a plan of correction. Such intent notification shall provide the time for application processing in s. 120.60. The plan of correction must be submitted to the department within 30 days of the notice. The department shall advise the applicant of its approval or denial of the plan of correction within 30 days of receipt. The denial of the plan of correction or denial of the application may be reviewed as provided in chapter 120.

(4)  Approved emergency medical services training programs must maintain records and reports that must be made available to the department, upon written request. Such records must include student applications, records of attendance, records of participation in hospital clinic and field training, medical records, course objectives and outlines, class schedules, learning objectives, lesson plans, number of applicants, number of students accepted, admission requirements, description of qualifications, duties and responsibilities of faculty, and correspondence.

(5)  Each approved program must notify the department within 30 days of any change in the professional or employment status of faculty. Each approved program must require its students to pass a comprehensive final written and practical examination evaluating the skills described in the current United States Department of Transportation EMT-Basic or EMT-Paramedic, National Standard Curriculum. Each approved program must issue a certificate of completion to program graduates within 14 days of completion.

History.--s. 31, ch. 99-397.

401.271  Certification of emergency medical technicians and paramedics who are on active duty with the Armed Forces of the United States; spouses of members of the Armed Forces.--

(1)  Any member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty who, at the time he or she became a member, was in good standing with the department and was entitled to practice as an emergency medical technician or paramedic in the state remains in good standing without registering, paying dues or fees, or performing any other act, as long as he or she is a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty and for a period of 6 months after his or her discharge from active duty as a member of the Armed Forces of the United States.

(2)  The department may adopt rules exempting the spouse of a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty from certification renewal provisions while the spouse is absent from the state because of the member's active duty with the Armed Forces.

History.--s. 2, ch. 91-145; s. 795, ch. 95-148.

401.2715  Recertification training of emergency medical technicians and paramedics.--

(1)  The department shall establish by rule criteria for all emergency medical technician and paramedic recertification training. The rules shall provide that all recertification training equals at least 30 hours, includes the performance parameters for adult and pediatric emergency medical clinical care, and is documented through a system of recordkeeping.

(2)  Any individual, institution, school, corporation, or governmental entity may conduct emergency medical technician or paramedic recertification training upon application to the department and payment of a nonrefundable fee to be deposited into the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund. Institutions conducting department-approved educational programs as provided in this chapter and licensed ambulance services are exempt from the application process and payment of fees. The department shall adopt rules for the application and payment of a fee not to exceed the actual cost of administering this approval process.

(3)  To be eligible for recertification as provided in s. 401.27, certified emergency medical technicians and paramedics must provide proof of completion of training conducted pursuant to this section. The department shall accept the written affirmation of a licensee's or a department-approved educational program's medical director as documentation that the certificateholder has completed a minimum of 30 hours of recertification training as provided herein.

History.--s. 32, ch. 99-397.

401.272  Emergency medical services community health care.--

(1)  The purpose of this section is to encourage more effective utilization of the skills of emergency medical technicians and paramedics by enabling them to perform, in partnership with local county health departments, specific additional health care tasks that are consistent with the public health and welfare.

(2)  Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary:

(a)  Paramedics or emergency medical technicians may perform health promotion and wellness activities and blood pressure screenings in a nonemergency environment, within the scope of their training, and under the direction of a medical director. As used in this paragraph, the term "health promotion and wellness" means the provision of public health programs pertaining to the prevention of illness and injury.

(b)  Paramedics may administer immunizations in a nonemergency environment, within the scope of their training, and under the direction of a medical director. There must be a written agreement between the paramedic's medical director and the county health department located in each county in which the paramedic administers immunizations. This agreement must establish the protocols, policies, and procedures under which the paramedic must operate.

(3)  Each medical director under whose direction a paramedic administers immunizations must verify and document that the paramedic has received sufficient training and experience to administer immunizations. The verification must be documented on forms developed by the department, and the completed forms must be maintained at the service location of the licensee and made available to the department upon request.

(4)  The department may adopt and enforce all rules necessary to enforce the provisions relating to a paramedic's administration of immunizations and the performance of health promotion and wellness activities and blood pressure screenings by a paramedic or emergency medical technician in a nonemergency environment.

History.--s. 1, ch. 98-87.

401.273  Emergency medical technician and paramedic registry for disasters and emergencies.--

(1)  The department shall include on its forms for the certification or recertification of emergency medical technicians and paramedics who could assist the department in the event of a disaster a question asking if the practitioner would be available to provide health care services in special needs shelters or to help staff disaster medical assistance teams during times of emergency or major disaster. The names of the emergency medical technicians and paramedics who answer affirmatively shall be maintained by the department as a registry for disasters and emergencies.

(2)  A certificateholder may perform the functions of an emergency medical technician or paramedic in a special needs shelter or as a member of a disaster medical assistance team, provided that such functions are performed only under the medical direction of a physician who is licensed under chapter 458 or chapter 459 and who has complied with the formal supervision requirements of s. 458.348.

History.--s. 18, ch. 2000-140.

401.281  Drivers.--

(1)  Each licensee is responsible for assuring that its vehicles are driven only by trained, experienced, and otherwise qualified personnel. The licensee must, at a minimum, document that each of its drivers:

(a)  Is at least 18 years of age;

(b)  Certifies under oath that he or she is not addicted to alcohol or any controlled substance;

(c)  Certifies under oath that he or she is free from any physical or mental defect or disease that might impair his or her ability to drive an ambulance;

(d)  Has not, within the past 3 years, been convicted of reckless driving or driving under the influence of alcohol or controlled substances and has not had a driver's license suspended under the point system provided for in chapter 322;

(e)  Possesses a valid driver's license issued under chapter 322, is trained in the safe operation of emergency vehicles, and has completed an emergency vehicle operator's course or the reasonable equivalent as approved by the department; however, this paragraph applies only to a driver of a land vehicle;

(f)  Possesses a valid American Red Cross or National Safety Council standard first aid course card or its equivalent; and

(g)  Possesses a valid American Red Cross or American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation card.

(2)  The department shall periodically inspect licensees for verification of compliance with this section. Services that are unable to verify compliance are subject to disciplinary action as provided in this part.

History.--ss. 11, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 8, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 10, ch. 84-317; s. 60, ch. 86-220; s. 56, ch. 89-282; ss. 10, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 796, ch. 95-148.

401.2915  Automated external defibrillators.--It is the intent of the Legislature that an automated external defibrillator may be used by any person for the purpose of saving the life of another person in cardiac arrest. In order to ensure public health and safety:

(1)  All persons who use an automated external defibrillator must obtain appropriate training, to include completion of a course in cardiopulmonary resuscitation or successful completion of a basic first aid course that includes cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and demonstrated proficiency in the use of an automated external defibrillator;

(2)  Any person or entity in possession of an automated external defibrillator is encouraged to register with the local emergency medical services medical director the existence and location of the automated external defibrillator; and

(3)  Any person who uses an automated external defibrillator is required to activate the emergency medical services system as soon as possible upon use of the automated external defibrillator.

History.--s. 1, ch. 97-34; s. 3, ch. 2001-76.

401.30  Records.--

(1)  Each licensee must maintain accurate records of emergency calls on forms that contain such information as is required by the department. These records must be available for inspection by the department at any reasonable time, and copies thereof must be furnished to the department upon request. The department shall give each licensee notice of what information such forms must contain.

(2)  Each licensee must provide the receiving hospital with a copy of an individual patient care record for each patient who is transported to the hospital. The information contained in the record and the method and timeframe for providing the record shall be prescribed by rule of the department.

(3)  Reports to the department from licensees which cover statistical data are public records, except that the names of patients and other patient-identifying information contained in such reports are confidential and exempt from the provisions of s. 119.07(1). Any record furnished by a licensee at the request of the department must be a true and certified copy of the original record and may not be altered or have information deleted.

(4)  Records of emergency calls which contain patient examination or treatment information are confidential and exempt from the provisions of s. 119.07(1) and may not be disclosed without the consent of the person to whom they pertain, but appropriate limited disclosure may be made without such consent:

(a)  To the person's guardian, to the next of kin if the person is deceased, or to a parent if the person is a minor;

(b)  To hospital personnel for use in conjunction with the treatment of the patient;

(c)  To the department;

(d)  To the service medical director;

(e)  For use in a critical incident stress debriefing. Any such discussions during a critical incident stress debriefing shall be considered privileged communication under s. 90.503;

(f)  In any civil or criminal action, unless otherwise prohibited by law, upon the issuance of a subpoena from a court of competent jurisdiction and proper notice by the party seeking such records, to the patient or his or her legal representative; or

(g)  To a local trauma agency or a regional trauma agency, or a panel or committee assembled by such an agency to assist the agency in performing quality assurance activities in accordance with a plan approved under s. 395.401. Records obtained under this paragraph are confidential and exempt from s. 119.07(1) and s. 24(a), Art. I of the State Constitution.

This subsection does not prohibit the department or a licensee from providing information to any law enforcement agency or any other regulatory agency responsible for the regulation or supervision of emergency medical services and personnel.

(5)  The department shall adopt and enforce all rules necessary to administer this section.

History.--s. 10, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 254, ch. 77-147; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 12, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; s. 13, ch. 83-196; s. 11, ch. 84-317; s. 40, ch. 87-225; s. 17, ch. 90-344; ss. 12, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 5, ch. 94-260; s. 1058, ch. 95-148; s. 233, ch. 96-406; s. 21, ch. 98-151; s. 33, ch. 99-397.

401.31  Inspection and examination.--

(1)  In order to carry out the requirements of this part, the department shall periodically and randomly inspect licensees for compliance with the requirements of this part and departmental rules. The department shall conduct inspections without impeding patient care.

(2)  The department shall, in the course of the inspections provided for in subsection (1), determine the continuing compliance of each business, service, ambulance, and piece of vehicle equipment and all personnel with the requirements of this part, the rules of the department, and the applicable vehicle safety requirements of chapter 316 relating to:

(a)  Exhaust system;

(b)  Exterior lights; headlights, high and low beam; turn signals; brake lights; taillights; and red emergency lights;

(c)  Horn;

(d)  Windshield and windshield wipers;

(e)  Mirrors;

(f)  Tires; and

(g)  Siren.

(3)  The refusal of a licensee to allow an inspection is a ground for revocation of the licensee's license.

(4)  Upon completion of an inspection, the department may request an inspection corrective action statement from a licensee stating that any violation found during the inspection has been corrected. The department shall adopt, by rule, procedures which provide for categories of violations, the type of violations in each category, the time for correcting violations in each category, and the time for returning the inspection corrective action statement to the department. Failure of a licensee to submit the inspection corrective action statement within the required time is a ground for discipline under s. 401.411.

History.--s. 11, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 255, ch. 77-147; s. 3, ch. 77-347; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 8, 10, ch. 79-280; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 13, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 12, ch. 84-317; s. 61, ch. 86-220; ss. 13, 36, ch. 92-78.

401.321  Transferability of license; effect of sale, transfer, assignment, or lease of service.--

(1)  Each license is valid only for the licensee to whom it is issued and is not subject to sale, assignment, or other transfer, voluntary or involuntary. A license or permit is valid only for the service location for which it was originally issued.

(2)  A license will automatically expire when a licensee changes his or her service location or service name as registered with the department. The expired license must be surrendered by the licensee, and the department shall issue a new license for the balance of the term under the expired license upon receipt of a completed application and a fee of $30.

(3)  An application for a new license is required when:

(a)  A majority of the ownership or a controlling interest of a service is transferred or assigned; and

(b)  A lessee agrees to undertake or provide services to the extent that legal liability for the service rests with the lessee.

The application for a new license showing such change must be submitted so as to be received by the department at least 60 days prior to the date of the sale, transfer, assignment, or lease.

History.--s. 13, ch. 84-317; s. 1, ch. 85-65; s. 49, ch. 85-81; ss. 14, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 797, ch. 95-148.

401.33  Exemptions.--The following are exempt from this part:

(1)  A privately owned vehicle not ordinarily used in the business of transporting persons who are sick, injured, wounded, incapacitated, or helpless.

(2)  A vehicle rendering services as an ambulance during a major catastrophe or emergency when ambulances with permits based in the locality of the catastrophe or emergency are incapacitated or insufficient in number to render the services needed.

(3)  Any ambulance service provider licensed in another state or territory of the United States, except that any such provider receiving a person within this state for transport to a location within this state must comply with this part.

(4)  Any ambulance owned and operated by the Federal Government.

(5)  A vehicle under the direct supervision of a licensed physician and used as an integral part of a private industrial safety or emergency management plan within a privately owned and controlled area, which vehicle may from time to time be used to transport persons in need of medical attention, but which is not available to the public and which does not routinely transport patients.

History.--s. 13, ch. 73-126; s. 1, ch. 74-334; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 1, ch. 77-457; s. 12, ch. 79-280; s. 258, ch. 81-259; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 14, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; s. 13, ch. 83-196; s. 42, ch. 83-334; s. 14, ch. 84-317; s. 67, ch. 86-220; ss. 15, 36, ch. 92-78.

401.34  Fees.--

(1)  Each organization or person subject to this part must pay to the department the following nonrefundable fees:

(a)  Basic life support service license application: $660, to be paid biennially.

(b)  Advanced life support service license application: $1,375, to be paid biennially.

(c)  Original or renewal vehicle permit application for basic or advanced life support: $25, to be paid biennially.

(d)  Emergency medical technician certification examination application: $40.

(e)  Emergency medical technician original certificate application: $35.

(f)  Emergency medical technician renewal certificate application: $20, to be paid biennially.

(g)  Paramedic certification examination application: $40.

(h)  Paramedic original certificate application: $45.

(i)  Paramedic renewal certificate application: $45, to be paid biennially.

(j)  Air ambulance service application: $1,375, to be paid biennially.

(k)  Original or renewal aircraft permit application for air ambulance: $25, to be paid biennially.

(2)  Fees collected under this section must be deposited to the credit of the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund and must be applied solely for salaries and expenses of the department incurred in implementing and enforcing this part.

(3)  A volunteer emergency medical services provider licensed by the department and persons actively serving with the provider without pay are not required to pay any of the fees set by the department for licensure, vehicle permits, or personnel certification. A licensee that charges any service fee is not entitled to this exemption. An emergency medical technician or paramedic certificate issued in accordance with this volunteer fee exemption provision is invalid while the certificateholder is performing his or her duties in a paid capacity.

(4)(a)  If a certificate, license, or permit issued under this part is lost or destroyed, the person or entity to whom the certificate, license, or permit was issued may, upon payment of a fee to be set by the department not to exceed $10, obtain a duplicate, or substitute thereof.

(b)  Upon surrender of the original emergency medical technician or paramedic certificate and receipt of a replacement fee to be set by the department not to exceed $10, the department shall issue a replacement certificate to make a change in name.

(5)  The department may provide same-day grading of the examination for an applicant for emergency medical technician or paramedic certification. The department must provide procedures for implementing same-day grading in its rules.

(6)  The department may by rule offer walk-in eligibility determination and examination to applicants for emergency medical technician or paramedic certification who pay to the department a nonrefundable fee to be set by the department not to exceed $65. The fee is in addition to the certification fee and examination fee. The department must establish locations and times for eligibility determination and examination.

(7)  The cost of emergency medical technician or paramedic certification examination review may not exceed $50.

History.--s. 14, ch. 73-126; s. 2, ch. 74-334; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 4, ch. 77-347; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 15. 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 7, 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 15, ch. 84-317; s. 62, ch. 86-220; ss. 16, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 798, ch. 95-148.

401.345  Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund.--

(1)  There is created the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund in the State Treasury, which shall be used exclusively for those purposes provided by law.

(2)  Any funds appropriated in the General Appropriations Act for functions related to emergency medical services, and any other funds that become available for functions related to emergency medical services, must be deposited in the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund.

History.--s. 17, ch. 92-78.

401.35  Rules.--The department shall adopt rules, including definitions of terms, necessary to carry out the purposes of this part.

(1)  The rules must provide at least minimum standards governing:

(a)  Sanitation, safety, and maintenance of basic life support and advanced life support vehicles and air ambulances.

(b)  Emergency medical technician, paramedic, and driver training and qualifications.

(c)  Ground ambulance and vehicle equipment and supplies at least as comprehensive as those published in the most current edition of the American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma, list of essential equipment for ambulances, as interpreted by rules of the department.

(d)  Ground ambulance or vehicle design and construction at least equal to those most currently recommended by the United States General Services Administration as interpreted by rules of the department.

(e)  Staffing of basic life support and advanced life support vehicles.

(f)  Two-way communications for basic life support services and advanced life support services.

(g)  Advanced life support services equipment.

(h)  Programs of training for emergency medical technicians and paramedics.

(i)  Vehicles, equipment, communications, and minimum staffing qualifications for air ambulance services.

(j)  Ambulance driver qualifications, training, and experience.

(k)  Optional use of telemetry by licensees.

(l)  Licensees' security and storage of controlled substances, medications, and fluids, not inconsistent with the provisions of chapter 499 or chapter 893.

(2)  The rules must establish application requirements for licensure and certification. Pursuant thereto, the department must develop application forms for basic life support services and advanced life support services. An application for each respective service license must include, but is not limited to:

(a)  The name and business address of the operator and owner of the service or proposed service.

(b)  The name under which the applicant will operate.

(c)  A list of the names and addresses of all officers, directors, and shareholders of the applicant.

(d)  A description of each vehicle to be used, including the make, model, year of manufacture, mileage, and vehicle identification number (VIN); the state or federal aviation or marine registration number, when applicable; and the color scheme, insignia, name, monogram, or other distinguishing characteristics to be used to designate the applicant's vehicle or vehicles.

(e)  The service location from which the service will operate.

(f)  A statement reasonably describing the geographic area or areas to be served by the applicant.

(g)  A statement certifying that the applicant will provide continuous service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, if a basic life support service license or an advanced life support service license is sought. Such service must be initiated within 30 days after issuance of the license.

(h)  Such other information as the department determines reasonable and necessary.

(i)  An oath, upon forms provided by the department which shall contain such information as the department reasonably requires, which may include affirmative evidence of ability to comply with applicable laws and rules.

(3)  The rules must establish specifications regarding insignia and other ambulance identification. Any fire department may retain its fire department identity and may use such color scheme, insignia, name, monogram, or other distinguishing characteristic that is acceptable to the fire department for the purpose of designating its vehicles as advanced life support vehicles. However, those advanced life support service/fire rescue vehicles or ambulances operated by fire departments which were purchased in whole or in part with federal funds must comply with federal regulations pertaining to color schemes, emblems, and markings.

(4)  The rules must establish circumstances and procedures under which emergency medical technicians and paramedics may honor orders by the patient's physician not to resuscitate and the documentation and reporting requirements for handling such requests.

(5)  The rules must establish requirements for licensees and certificateholders with respect to providing address information to the department; requirements for examinations, grading, and passing scores for certification; and requirements for determining whether a convicted felon whose civil rights have not been restored is eligible for certification or recertification.

History.--s. 15, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 257, ch. 77-147; s. 5, ch. 77-347; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 8, 10, ch. 79-280; s. 259, ch. 81-259; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 16, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 9, 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 16, ch. 84-317; s. 63, ch. 86-220; ss. 18, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 34, ch. 99-397; s. 27, ch. 2000-242.

401.38  Participation in federal programs.--The department shall develop federal funding proposals and apply for all federal funds available to carry out the purposes of this part. The department is authorized to participate in those federal programs aimed at the development of an integrated system of emergency medical service delivery to include injury control, rural system development, training, trauma system development, maternal and child health, highway safety, and the delivery of basic life support service and advanced life support service.

History.--s. 19, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 8, 10, ch. 79-280; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 17, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; s. 13, ch. 83-196; s. 64, ch. 86-220; ss. 19, 36, ch. 92-78.

401.41  Penalties.--

(1)  Any person who:

(a)  Uses or attempts to use a certificate, license, or permit that has been suspended, revoked, or terminated;

(b)  Practices or holds himself or herself out as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or ambulance driver without being so certified;

(c)  Knowingly conceals information relating to violations of this part; or

(d)  Knowingly makes false or fraudulent claims to procure, attempt to procure, or renew a certificate, license, or permit

is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(2)  Whoever willfully and with intent to defraud obtains or attempts to obtain services from a licensee is guilty of:

(a)  A misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, for the first offense; and

(b)  A misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, for any subsequent offense.

(3)  Whoever summons any emergency medical services vehicle pursuant to this part or reports that an emergency medical services vehicle is needed when he or she knows or has reason to know that the services of the vehicle are not needed is guilty of:

(a)  A misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, for the first offense; and

(b)  A misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, for any subsequent offense.

(4)  Each day that a violation of this part is committed or permitted to continue constitutes a separate and distinct offense under this section.

History.--s. 22, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 18, 24, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 73, ch. 91-224; ss. 20, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 799, ch. 95-148; s. 7, ch. 96-293.

401.411  Disciplinary action; penalties.--

(1)  The department may deny, suspend, or revoke a license, certificate, or permit or may reprimand or fine any licensee, certificateholder, or other person operating under this part for any of the following grounds:

(a)  The violation of any rule of the department or any provision of this part.

(b)  Being found guilty of, or pleading nolo contendere to, regardless of adjudication in any jurisdiction, a crime that relates to practice as an emergency medical technician or paramedic, or to practice in any other occupation, when operating under this part.

(c)  Addiction to alcohol or any controlled substance.

(d)  Engaging in or attempting to engage in the possession, except in legitimate duties under the supervision of a licensed physician, or the sale or distribution of any controlled substance as set forth in chapter 893.

(e)  The conviction in any court in any state or in any federal court of a felony, unless the person's civil rights have been restored.

(f)  Knowingly making false or fraudulent claims; procuring, attempting to procure, or renewing a certificate, license, or permit by fakery, fraudulent action, or misrepresentation.

(g)  Unprofessional conduct, including, but not limited to, any departure from or failure to conform to the minimal prevailing standards of acceptable practice as an emergency medical technician or paramedic, including undertaking activities that the emergency medical technician or paramedic is not qualified by training or experience to perform.

(h)  Sexual misconduct with a patient, including inducing or attempting to induce the patient to engage, or engaging or attempting to engage the patient, in sexual activity.

(i)  The failure to give to the department, or its authorized representative, true information upon request regarding an alleged or confirmed violation of this part or rule of the department.

(j)  Fraudulent or misleading advertising or advertising in an unauthorized category.

(k)  Practicing as an emergency medical technician, paramedic, or other health care professional operating under this part without reasonable skill and safety to patients by reason of illness, drunkenness, or the use of drugs, narcotics, or chemicals or any other substance or as a result of any mental or physical condition.

(l)  The failure to report to the department any person known to be in violation of this part.

(2)  A suspension or revocation of a license or certificate is for all classifications unless the department, in its sole discretion, suspends or revokes one or more classifications thereof.

(3)  One year after the revocation of a license or certificate, application may be made to the department for reinstatement; and the department may authorize reinstatement.

(4)  Any charge of a violation of this part by a licensee affects only the license of the service location from which the violation is alleged to have occurred. Another license may not be issued to the same licensee for a new service location in the same county or any other county for a period of 3 years from the effective date of revocation.

(5)  If the department finds that the terms of any such suspension have been violated, it may revoke such suspension immediately.

(6)  If a person whose license, certificate, or permit has been suspended is found by the department to have violated any of the other provisions of this part, the department may revoke the license, certificate, or permit.

(7)  In addition to any other administrative action authorized by law, the department may impose an administrative fine, not to exceed $1,000 per violation of this part or rule of the department. Each day of a violation constitutes a separate violation and is subject to a separate fine. In determining the amount of a fine, the department shall consider the following factors:

(a)  The gravity of the violation, including the probability of death or disability as a result of the violation.

(b)  Any actions taken to correct the violation.

(c)  Any previous violations committed by the violator.

(8)  All amounts collected under this section must be deposited into the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund.

History.--ss. 19, 25, ch. 82-402; ss. 12, 13, ch. 83-196; s. 17, ch. 84-317; ss. 21, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 2, ch. 98-87.

401.414  Complaint investigation procedures.--

(1)  The department shall cause to be investigated any complaint that is filed before it if the complaint is in writing, signed by the complainant, and legally sufficient. A complaint is legally sufficient if it contains ultimate facts that show that a violation of this part, or of any rule adopted by the department, has occurred. The department may investigate or continue to investigate, and may take appropriate final action on, a complaint even though the original complainant withdraws his or her complaint or otherwise indicates a desire not to cause it to be investigated to completion. When an investigation of any person is undertaken, the department shall notify that person of the investigation and inform him or her of the substance of any complaint filed against him or her. The department may conduct an investigation without notifying any person if the act under investigation is a crime.

(2)  The department shall expeditiously investigate each complaint. When its investigation is complete, the department shall prepare an investigative report. The report must contain the investigative findings and the recommendations of the department concerning the existence of probable cause.

(3)  The complaint and all information obtained in the investigation by the department are confidential and exempt from the provisions of s. 119.07(1) until 10 days after probable cause has been found to exist by the department, or until the person who is the subject of the investigation waives confidentiality, whichever occurs first. This subsection does not prohibit the department from providing such information to any law enforcement agency or any other regulatory agency.

History.--s. 18, ch. 84-317; s. 1, ch. 85-65; s. 5, ch. 89-162; s. 18, ch. 90-344; ss. 22, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 800, ch. 95-148; s. 234, ch. 96-406.

401.421  Injunctive relief; cease and desist notice; civil penalty; enforcement.--

(1)  The secretary may cause to be instituted a civil action in circuit court for preliminary or permanent injunctive relief to remedy or prevent a violation of this part or any rule adopted by the department under this part.

(2)(a)  If the department has probable cause to believe that any person not licensed by the department has provided prehospital or interfacility advanced life support or basic life support procedures or transportation services in this state not specifically authorized by law, the department may issue and deliver to such person a notice to cease and desist from such services. For the purpose of enforcing a cease and desist order, the department may file a petition, in the name of the state, seeking issuance of an injunction or a writ of mandamus against any person who violates any provisions of such order.

(b)  In addition to or in lieu of any remedy provided in paragraph (a), the department may seek the imposition of a civil penalty by the circuit court for any violation for which the department may issue a notice to cease and desist under paragraph (a). The civil penalty must be no less than $500 and no more than $5,000 for each offense. The court may, in addition to any other remedy it finds appropriate, award to the prevailing party court costs and a reasonable attorney's fee, and, if the department prevails, the court may also award reasonable costs of investigation. All amounts collected by the department under this paragraph must be deposited into the Emergency Medical Services Trust Fund.

History.--ss. 10, 13, ch. 83-196; ss. 23, 36, ch. 92-78.

401.425  Emergency medical services quality assurance; immunity from liability.--

(1)  As used in this section, the term "emergency medical review committee" or "committee" means a committee of:

(a)  An emergency medical service provider, a local or regional trauma agency as provided in s. 395.401, a quality assurance committee as provided in s. 401.265, or a local emergency medical services advisory council;

(b)  A hospital licensed under chapter 395 which is directly responsible for a licensed emergency medical service provider; or

(c)  The department, or employees, agents, or consultants of the department.

(2)  An emergency medical review committee may review and evaluate the professional medical competence of emergency medical technicians and paramedics under the jurisdiction of such committee.

(3)(a)  There shall be no monetary liability on the part of, and no cause of action shall arise against, any person, including any person acting as a witness, incident reporter to, or investigator for, an emergency medical review committee for any act or proceeding undertaken or performed within the scope of the functions of any emergency medical review committee if such action is taken without intentional fraud or malice.

(b)  The provisions of this section shall not affect the provisions of s. 768.28.

(4)  Except as provided in subsection (3), this section shall not be construed to confer immunity from liability on any person while performing services other than as a member of an emergency medical review committee, or upon any person acting as a witness, incident reporter to, or investigator for, an emergency medical review committee for any act or proceeding undertaken or performed outside the scope of the functions of such committee.

(5)  The records obtained or produced by a committee providing quality assurance activities as described in subsections (1)-(4) are exempt from the provisions of s. 119.07(1) and s. 24(a), Art. I of the State Constitution, and committee proceedings and meetings regarding quality assurance activities are exempt from the provisions of s. 286.011 and s. 24(b), Art. I of the State Constitution. The investigations, proceedings, and records of a committee providing quality assurance activities as described in subsections (1)-(4) shall not be subject to discovery or introduction into evidence in any civil action or disciplinary proceeding by the department or employing agency arising out of matters which are the subject of evaluation and review by the committee, and no person who was in attendance at a meeting of such committee shall be permitted or required to testify in any such civil action or disciplinary proceeding as to any evidence or other matters produced or presented during the proceedings of such committee or as to any findings, recommendations, evaluations, opinions, or other actions of such committee or any members thereof. However, information, documents, or records provided to the committee from sources external to the committee are not immune from discovery or use in any such civil action or disciplinary proceeding merely because they were presented during proceedings of such committee nor should any person who testifies before a committee or who is a member of such committee be prevented from testifying as to matters within the person's knowledge, but, such witness shall not be asked about his or her testimony before a committee or information obtained from or opinions formed by him or her as a result of participating in activities conducted by a committee.

(6)  If the defendant prevails in an action brought by a health care provider against any person who initiated, participated in, was a witness in, or conducted any review as authorized by this section, the court shall award reasonable attorney's fees and costs to the defendant.

(7)  For the purpose of any disciplinary proceeding conducted by the department, the department shall have the power to issue subpoenas which shall compel the production of information, documents, or records from an Emergency Medical Review Committee. Challenges to, and enforcement of, the subpoenas and orders shall be handled as provided in s. 120.569.

History.--s. 16, ch. 89-275; s. 14, ch. 89-283; s. 71, ch. 89-374; s. 1, ch. 90-192; s. 72, ch. 92-289; s. 2, ch. 93-12; s. 801, ch. 95-148; s. 1, ch. 95-384; s. 235, ch. 96-406; s. 127, ch. 96-410.

401.435  First responder agencies and training.--

(1)  The department must adopt by rule the United States Department of Transportation Emergency Medical Services: First Responder Training Course as the minimum standard for first responder training. In addition, the department must adopt rules establishing minimum first responder instructor qualifications. For purposes of this section, a first responder includes any individual who receives training to render initial care to an ill or injured person, other than an individual trained and certified pursuant to s. 943.1395(1), but who does not have the primary responsibility of treating and transporting ill or injured persons.

(2)  Each first responder agency must take all reasonable efforts to enter into a memorandum of understanding with the emergency medical services licensee within whose territory the agency operates in order to coordinate emergency services at an emergency scene. The department must provide a model memorandum of understanding for this purpose. The memorandum of understanding should include dispatch protocols, the roles and responsibilities of first responder personnel at an emergency scene, and the documentation required for patient care rendered. For purposes of this section, the term "first responder agency" includes a law enforcement agency, a fire service agency not licensed under this part, a lifeguard agency, and a volunteer organization that renders, as part of its routine functions, on-scene patient care before emergency medical technicians or paramedics arrive.

History.--s. 24, ch. 92-78; s. 11, ch. 95-408.

401.445  Emergency examination and treatment of incapacitated persons.--

(1)  No recovery shall be allowed in any court in this state against any emergency medical technician, paramedic, or physician as defined in this chapter, or any person acting under the direct medical supervision of a physician, in an action brought for examining or treating a patient without his or her informed consent if:

(a)  The patient at the time of examination or treatment is intoxicated, under the influence of drugs, or otherwise incapable of providing informed consent as provided in s. 766.103;

(b)  The patient at the time of examination or treatment is experiencing an emergency medical condition; and

(c)  The patient would reasonably, under all the surrounding circumstances, undergo such examination, treatment, or procedure if he or she were advised by the emergency medical technician, paramedic, or physician in accordance with s. 766.103(3).

Examination and treatment provided under this subsection shall be limited to reasonable examination of the patient to determine the medical condition of the patient and treatment reasonably necessary to alleviate the emergency medical condition or to stabilize the patient.

(2)  In examining and treating a person who is apparently intoxicated, under the influence of drugs, or otherwise incapable of providing informed consent, the emergency medical technician, paramedic, or physician, or any person acting under the direct medical supervision of a physician, shall proceed wherever possible with the consent of the person. If the person reasonably appears to be incapacitated and refuses his or her consent, the person may be examined, treated, or taken to a hospital or other appropriate treatment resource if he or she is in need of emergency attention, without his or her consent, but unreasonable force shall not be used.

(3)  This section does not limit medical treatment provided pursuant to court order or treatment provided in accordance with chapter 394 or chapter 397.

History.--s. 17, ch. 89-275; s. 15, ch. 89-283; s. 3, ch. 89-336; s. 1, ch. 90-192; s. 25, ch. 92-78; s. 3, ch. 93-12; s. 25, ch. 93-39; s. 802, ch. 95-148.

401.45  Denial of emergency treatment; civil liability.--

(1)(a)  Except as provided in subsection (3), a person may not be denied needed prehospital treatment or transport from any licensee for an emergency medical condition.

(b)  A person may not be denied treatment for any emergency medical condition that will deteriorate from a failure to provide such treatment at any general hospital licensed under chapter 395 or at any specialty hospital that has an emergency room.

(2)  A hospital or its employees or any physician or dentist responding to an apparent need for emergency treatment under this section is not liable in any action arising out of a refusal to render emergency treatment or care if reasonable care is exercised in determining the condition of the person and in determining the appropriateness of the facilities and the qualifications and availability of personnel to render such treatment.

(3)(a)  Resuscitation may be withheld or withdrawn from a patient by an emergency medical technician or paramedic if evidence of an order not to resuscitate by the patient's physician is presented to the emergency medical technician or paramedic. An order not to resuscitate, to be valid, must be on the form adopted by rule of the department. The form must be signed by the patient's physician and by the patient or, if the patient is incapacitated, the patient's health care surrogate or proxy as provided in chapter 765, court-appointed guardian as provided in chapter 744, or attorney in fact under a durable power of attorney as provided in chapter 709. The court-appointed guardian or attorney in fact must have been delegated authority to make health care decisions on behalf of the patient.

(b)  Any licensee, physician, medical director, or emergency medical technician or paramedic who acts under the direction of a medical director is not subject to criminal prosecution or civil liability, and has not engaged in negligent or unprofessional conduct, as a result of the withholding or withdrawal of resuscitation from a patient pursuant to this subsection and rules adopted by the department.

(c)  The department, in consultation with the Department of Elderly Affairs and the Agency for Health Care Administration, shall develop a standardized do-not-resuscitate identification system with devices that signify, when carried or worn, that the possessor is a patient for whom a physician has issued an order not to administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The department may charge a reasonable fee to cover the cost of producing and distributing such identification devices. Use of such devices shall be voluntary.

(4)  Any licensee or emergency medical technician or paramedic who in good faith provides emergency medical care or treatment within the scope of their employment and pursuant to oral or written instructions of a medical director shall be deemed to be providing emergency medical care or treatment for the purposes of s. 768.13(2)(b).

(5)  The department shall adopt and enforce all rules necessary to implement this section.

History.--s. 26, ch. 73-126; s. 3, ch. 76-168; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 1, ch. 77-457; ss. 2, 3, ch. 81-318; ss. 24, 25, 27, ch. 82-402; s. 13, ch. 83-196; ss. 26, 36, ch. 92-78; s. 8, ch. 99-331; s. 5, ch. 2000-295.