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The Florida Senate

2024 Florida Statutes

Title XXIX PUBLIC HEALTH
Chapter 404
RADIATION
CHAPTER 404
CHAPTER 404
RADIATION
404.011 Short title.
404.022 Declaration of policy.
404.031 Definitions.
404.042 Designation of state radiation protection agency.
404.051 Powers and duties of the Department of Health.
404.056 Environmental radiation standards and projects; certification of persons performing measurement or mitigation services; mandatory testing; notification on real estate documents; rules.
404.061 Licensing of naturally occurring, accelerator-produced, byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials.
404.0614 Licensing of commercial low-level radioactive waste management facilities.
404.0617 Siting of commercial low-level radioactive waste management facilities.
404.071 Inspection, agreements, and training programs.
404.081 Records.
404.091 Emergency orders.
404.101 Impounding of sources of radiation.
404.111 Surety requirements.
404.121 Perpetual care trust funds.
404.122 Radiation Protection Trust Fund.
404.131 Fees.
404.141 Prohibited uses.
404.161 Penalties.
404.162 Administrative penalties; emergency orders.
404.163 Injunctive relief.
404.166 County or municipal regulation prohibited.
404.171 Construction.
404.20 Transportation of radioactive materials.
404.22 Radiation machines and components; inspection.
404.30 Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Compact; party state.
404.31 Florida participation.
404.011 Short title.—This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Florida Radiation Protection Act.”
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.011.
404.022 Declaration of policy.—It is the responsibility of the State of Florida, for protection of the public health and safety:
(1) To institute and maintain a program to permit development and utilization of sources of radiation for purposes consistent with the health and safety of the public.
(2) To prevent any associated harmful effects of radiation upon the public through the institution and maintenance of a regulatory program for all sources of radiation, providing for:
(a) A single effective system of regulation within the state.
(b) A system consonant with those of other states.
(c) Compatibility with the standards and regulatory programs of the Federal Government for byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.021.
404.031 Definitions.—As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the term:
(1) “Agreement materials” means those materials licensed by the state, under agreement with the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its successor agency, which include byproduct, source, or special nuclear materials in a quantity not sufficient to form a critical mass, as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
(2) “Agreement state” means any state which has consummated an agreement with the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission under the authority of s. 274 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, as authorized by compatible state legislation providing for acceptance by that state of licensing authority for agreement materials and the discontinuance of such activities by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
(3) “Byproduct material” means any radioactive material, except special nuclear material, yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear material.
(4) “Commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility” means a parcel of land, together with the structures, equipment, and improvements thereon or appurtenant thereto, which is used or is being developed by a person for the treatment, storage, or disposal of low-level radioactive waste other than that person’s own generated waste.
(5) “Commercial low-level radioactive waste management license” means a specific license issued, after application, to a person to construct, operate, or provide for the closure and stabilization of a treatment, storage, or disposal facility in order to treat, store, or dispose of low-level radioactive waste other than that person’s own generated waste.
(6) “Department” means the Department of Health.
(7) “Emergency” means any condition existing outside the bounds of nuclear operating sites owned or licensed by a federal agency, and further means any condition existing within or outside the jurisdictional confines of a facility licensed by the department and arising from byproduct material, source material, special nuclear materials, or other radioactive materials, which is endangering, or could reasonably be expected to endanger, the health and safety of the public or to contaminate the environment.
(8) “General license” means a license effective pursuant to rules promulgated under the provisions of this chapter without the filing of an application to transfer, acquire, own, possess, or use quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, byproduct, source, or special nuclear materials or other radioactive materials occurring naturally or produced artificially.
(9) “Ionizing radiation” means gamma rays and X rays, alpha and beta particles, high-speed electrons, protons, neutrons, and other nuclear particles, but not sound or radio waves or infrared, ultraviolet, or visible light.
(10) “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, agency, political subdivision of this state, any other state, or political subdivision or agency thereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing, other than the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or any successor thereto, and other than Federal Government agencies licensed by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or any successors thereto.
(11) “Radiation” means ionizing radiation.
(12) “Radiation machine” means any device designed to produce, or which produces, radiation or nuclear particles when the associated control devices of the machine are operated.
(13) “Radioactive material” means any solid, liquid, or gas which emits ionizing radiation spontaneously; however, this definition does not include radioactive wastes regulated pursuant to the hazardous waste management sections of the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 or the Department of Environmental Protection’s assumption of that program.
(14) “Radioactive waste” means any equipment or materials which are radioactive or have radioactive contamination and which are required pursuant to any governing laws, regulations, or licenses to be stored, treated, or disposed of as radioactive waste. The term “radioactive waste” is further defined as follows:
(a) “High-level waste” means irradiated reactor fuel, liquid wastes from reprocessing irradiated reactor fuel, and solids into which such liquid wastes have been converted.
(b) “Low-level waste” means radioactive waste not classified as high-level radioactive waste, transuranic waste, spent nuclear fuel, or byproduct material as defined in s. 11(e)(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.
(c) “Transuranic waste” means waste material containing transuranic elements with contamination levels greater than 10 nanocuries per gram of waste.
(15) “Registration” means the registering of a radiation machine with the department in accordance with the rules promulgated pursuant to this chapter.
(16) “Source material” means:
(a) Uranium, thorium, or any other material which the department declares to be source material after the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or any successor thereto, has determined the material to be such; or
(b) Ores containing one or more of the foregoing materials in such concentration to be source material.
(17) “Sources of radiation” means, collectively, radioactive material and radiation machines.
(18) “Special nuclear material” means:
(a) Plutonium, uranium 233, uranium 235, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the department declares to be a special nuclear material after the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or any successor thereto, has determined the material to be such, but does not include source material; or
(b) Any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing, but does not include source material.
(19) “Specific license” means a license, issued after application, to use, manufacture, produce, transfer, receive, acquire, own, or possess quantities of, or devices or equipment utilizing, byproduct material, source material, special nuclear material, or other radioactive material occurring naturally or produced artificially.
(20) “United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission” means the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its successor agency.
(21) “Useful beam” means that portion of the radiation emitted from a radiation machine through the aperture of the machine’s beam-limiting device which is designed to focus the radiation on the intended target in order to accomplish the machine’s purpose when the machine’s exposure controls are in a mode to cause the system to produce radiation.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 3, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 1, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 452, ch. 94-356; s. 55, ch. 97-237; s. 6, ch. 2020-133.
Note.—Former s. 290.031.
404.042 Designation of state radiation protection agency.—The department is hereby designated the state agency to administer a statewide radiation protection program consistent with the provisions of this chapter.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 4, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.041.
404.051 Powers and duties of the Department of Health.—For protection of the public health and safety, the department is authorized to:
(1) Develop comprehensive policies and programs for the evaluation, determination, and amelioration of hazards associated with the use, possession, or disposal of sources of ionizing radiation. Such policies and programs shall be developed with due regard for compatibility or consistency with federal programs for regulation of radiation machines and byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials.
(2) Advise, consult, and cooperate with other agencies of the state, the Federal Government, other states, interstate agencies, political subdivisions, and other organizations concerned with the safe use of sources of radiation.
(3) Encourage, participate in, or conduct studies, investigations, public hearings, training, research, and demonstrations relating to the control of sources of ionizing radiation, the measurement of ionizing radiation, the effect upon public health and safety of exposure to ionizing radiation, and related problems.
(4) Adopt, promulgate, amend, and repeal rules and standards which may provide for licensure, registration, or regulation relating to the manufacture, production, transportation, use, possession, handling, treatment, storage, disposal, sale, lease, or other disposition of radioactive material, including naturally occurring radioactive material and low-level radioactive waste, and radiation machines as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. The recommendations of nationally recognized bodies in the field of radiation protection shall be taken into consideration in the adoption, promulgation, amendment, and repeal of such rules and standards.
(5) Require the submission of plans, specifications, and reports for new construction and material alterations on the design and protective shielding of installations for radioactive material and radiation machines, excluding X-ray machines of less than 200,000 volts potential, and on systems for the disposal of radioactive wastes, for the determination of any ionizing radiation hazard; and it may render opinions and approve or disapprove such plans and specifications.
(6) Require all sources of ionizing radiation to be shielded, transported, handled, used, possessed, treated, stored, or disposed of in a manner to provide compliance with the provisions of this chapter and rules and standards adopted hereunder.
(7) Conduct evaluations of the levels of radioactive materials in the environment for the purpose of determining whether there is compliance with, or violation of, the provisions or standards contained in this chapter or the rules issued pursuant hereto or to otherwise protect the public health and safety.
(8) Collect and disseminate information relating to the control of sources of ionizing radiation, including, but not limited to:
(a) Maintenance of files of all radioactive material license applications, issuances, denials, amendments, transfers, renewals, modifications, suspensions, and revocations.
(b) Maintenance of files of all radiation machine registrants requiring registration under the provisions of this chapter.
(c) Maintenance of files of department licensees and nuclear power plant licensees of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission that generate low-level radioactive waste, recording the quarterly amount of low-level radioactive waste shipped by each licensee to commercial low-level radioactive waste management facilities.
(9) Require, on forms prescribed and furnished by the department, registration and periodic reregistration of radiation machines, and licensing and periodic renewal of licenses for radioactive materials.
(10) Exempt certain sources of ionizing radiation, or kinds of uses or users, from the licensing or registration requirements set forth in this chapter when the department determines that the exemption of such sources of ionizing radiation, or kinds of users or uses, will not constitute a significant risk to the health and safety of the public.
(11) Adopt rules pursuant to this chapter which may provide for the recognition of other state and federal licenses as the department deems desirable, subject to such registration requirements as it may prescribe.
(12) Respond to any emergency which involves possible or actual release of radioactive materials, carry out or supervise any required decontamination, and otherwise protect the public health and safety.
(13) Act as the designated state agency in this state responsible for ensuring compliance with the provisions of the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact and for assessing penalties for noncompliance with such provisions as prescribed in ss. 404.161 and 404.162.
(14) Require department licensees and nuclear power plant licensees of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission to take appropriate measures to reduce the volume of low-level radioactive waste they generate, and to monitor the progress of department licensees and nuclear power plant licensees of the commission in reducing such volume.
(15) Develop and implement a responsible data-management program for the purpose of collecting and analyzing statistical information necessary to protect the public health and safety and to reply to requests from the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Commission for data and information.
(16) Accept and administer loans, grants, or other funds or gifts, conditional or otherwise, in furtherance of its functions from the Federal Government and from other sources, public or private.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 5, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 2, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 56, ch. 97-237.
Note.—Former s. 290.052.
404.056 Environmental radiation standards and projects; certification of persons performing measurement or mitigation services; mandatory testing; notification on real estate documents; rules.—
(1) STANDARDS.—To preserve and protect the public health, the department is authorized to establish, by rule, environmental radiation standards for buildings, and to conduct programs designed to reduce human exposure to such harmful environmental radiation. In the establishment of such standards, the department shall consider:
(a) Existing federal standards or guidelines.
(b) The recommendations of nationally recognized bodies which are expert in the field of radiation protection.
(c) The radiation effect of water supplies.
(d) The use made, or to be made, of the land for residential dwellings, public or private schools, health care facilities, or other purposes.
(e) The availability of measures to mitigate the effect of the radiation.

For the purposes of this section, “building” means any structure that encloses space used for sheltering any occupancy. Each portion of a building separated from other portions by a firewall shall be considered a separate building.

(2) CERTIFICATION.—
(a) The department may certify persons who perform radon gas or radon progeny measurements, including sample collection, analysis, or interpretation of such measurements, and who perform mitigation of buildings for radon gas or radon progeny, and shall collect a fee for such certification. Before performing radon measurement or radon mitigation services, including collecting samples, performing analysis, or interpreting measurement results, a certified individual must own, be employed by, or be retained as a consultant to a certified radon measurement or certified radon mitigation business. The department may establish criteria for the application, certification, and annual renewal of basic and advanced levels of certification for individuals, which may include requirements for education and experience, approved training, examinations, and reporting. The department may approve training courses for certification and establish criteria for training courses and instructors. The department may observe and evaluate training sessions, instructors, and course material without charge.
(b) A person may not participate in performing radon gas or radon progeny measurements, including sample collection, analysis, or interpretation of such measurements, or perform mitigation of buildings for radon gas or radon progeny, and charge a fee or obtain other remuneration as benefit for such services or devices, unless that person is certified by the department. A certification issued in accordance with this section automatically expires at the end of the certification period stated on the certificate. An uncertified commercial business may subcontract radon measurements to a certified radon business. The uncertified commercial business must provide the complete radon report from the certified radon business to the client and direct all the client’s questions about the measurements or radon report to the certified radon business.
(c) The results of measurements of radon gas or radon progeny performed by persons certified under the provisions of this subsection shall be reported to the department and persons contracting for the service. Upon request, the results of measurements of radon gas or radon progeny which are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a radon mitigation system shall be reported to the certified business that installed the mitigation system. The report must include the radon levels detected; the location, age, and description of the building; the name and certification numbers of the certified radon measurement business and individual who performed the measurements; and other information determined by the department to meet the requirements of the protocols and procedures for the type of measurement performed. Each installation of a radon mitigation system performed by a person certified under this section must be reported to the department according to the schedule set by the department. The report must include the premitigation and postmitigation radon levels; the type or types of systems installed; the location, age, and description of the building; and the name and certification number of the certified mitigation business that performed the mitigation.
(d) Authorized representatives of the department may inspect the business and records of any person certified under the provisions of this subsection, at all reasonable times, to examine records and test procedures to determine compliance with or violation of the provisions of this section.
(e) Any person who practices fraud, deception, or misrepresentation in performing radon gas or radon progeny measurements or in performing mitigation of buildings for radon gas or radon progeny is subject to the penalties provided in s. 404.161.
(f) The department may charge and collect nonrefundable fees for the certification and annual recertification of persons who perform radon gas or radon progeny measurements or who perform mitigation of buildings for radon gas or radon progeny. The amount of the initial application fee and certification shall be not less than $200 or more than $900. The amount of the annual recertification fee shall be not less than $200 or more than $900. The fee amounts shall be the minimum fee prescribed in this paragraph, and such fee amounts shall remain in effect until the effective date of a fee schedule promulgated by rule by the department. The fees collected shall be deposited in the Radiation Protection Trust Fund and shall be used only to implement the provisions of this section. The surcharge established pursuant to s. 553.721 may be used to supplement the fees established in this paragraph in carrying out the provisions of this subsection.
(g) The department may establish enforcement procedures; deny an application for initial or renewal certification; deny, suspend, or revoke a certification; or impose an administrative fine not to exceed $1,000 per violation per day, for the violation of any provision of this section or rule adopted under this section.
(h) A certificateholder in good standing remains in good standing when he or she becomes a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty without payment of renewal fees as long as he or she is a member of the Armed Forces on active duty and for a period of 6 months after his or her discharge from active duty, if he or she is not engaged in practicing radon measurement or radon mitigation in the private sector for profit. The certificateholder must pay a renewal fee to renew the certificate.
(i) A certificateholder who is in good standing remains in good standing if he or she is absent from the state because of his or her spouse’s active duty with the Armed Forces of the United States. The certificateholder remains in good standing without payment of renewal fees as long as his or her spouse is a member of the Armed Forces on active duty and for a period of 6 months after the spouse’s discharge from active duty, if the certificateholder is not engaged in practicing radon measurement or radon mitigation in the private sector for profit. The certificateholder must pay a renewal fee to renew the certificate.
(j) The department may set criteria and requirements for the application, certification, and annual renewal of certification for radon measurement and mitigation businesses, which may include:
1. Requirements for measurement devices and measurement procedures, including the disclosure of mitigation materials, systems, and other mitigation services offered.
2. The identification of certified specialists and technicians employed by the business and requirements for specialist staffing and duties.
3. The analysis of measurement devices by proficient analytical service providers.
4. Requirements for a quality assurance and quality control program.
5. The disclosure of client measurement reporting forms and warranties and operating instructions for mitigation systems.
6. Requirements for radon services publications and the identification of the radon business certification number in advertisements.
7. Requirements for a worker health and safety program.
8. Requirements for maintaining radon records.
9. The operation of branch office locations.
10. Requirements for supervising subcontractors who install mitigation systems.
11. Requirements for building code inspections and evaluation and standards for the design and installation of mitigation systems.
12. Prescribing conditions of premitigation and postmitigation measurements.
13. Requirements for renewals received after the automatic expiration date of certification.
14. Requirements for obtaining a duplicate or replacement certificate, including a fee not to exceed the cost of producing the duplicate or replacement certificate.
15. Requirements for reporting, including timeframes and content.
(k) Any change in the information provided to the department in the original business application to be reported within 10 days after the change.
(3) PUBLIC INFORMATION.—The department shall initiate and administer a program designed to educate and inform the public concerning radon gas and radon progeny, which program shall include, but not be limited to, the origin and health effects of radon, how to measure radon, and construction and mitigation techniques to reduce exposure to radon. The surcharge established pursuant to s. 553.721 may be used to supplement the fees established in paragraph (2)(f) in carrying out the provisions of this subsection.
(4) MANDATORY TESTING.—All public and private school buildings or school sites housing students in kindergarten through grade 12; all state-owned, state-operated, state-regulated, or state-licensed 24-hour care facilities; and all state-licensed day care centers for children or minors which are located in counties designated within the Department of Business and Professional Regulation’s Florida Radon Protection Map Categories as “Intermediate” or “Elevated Radon Potential” shall be measured to determine the level of indoor radon, using measurement procedures established by the department. Initial measurements shall be conducted in 20 percent of the habitable first floor spaces within any of the regulated buildings and shall be completed and reported to the department within 1 year after the date the building is opened for occupancy or within 1 year after license approval for the entity residing in the existing building. Followup testing must be completed in 5 percent of the habitable first floor spaces within any of the regulated buildings after the building has been occupied for 5 years, and results must be reported to the department by the first day of the 6th year of occupancy. After radon measurements have been made twice, regulated buildings need not undergo further testing unless significant structural changes occur. No funds collected pursuant to s. 553.721 shall be used to carry out the provisions of this subsection.
(5) NOTIFICATION ON REAL ESTATE DOCUMENTS.—Notification shall be provided on at least one document, form, or application executed at the time of, or prior to, contract for sale and purchase of any building or execution of a rental agreement for any building. Such notification shall contain the following language:

“RADON GAS: Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that, when it has accumulated in a building in sufficient quantities, may present health risks to persons who are exposed to it over time. Levels of radon that exceed federal and state guidelines have been found in buildings in Florida. Additional information regarding radon and radon testing may be obtained from your county health department.”

The requirements of this subsection do not apply to any residential transient occupancy, as described in s. 509.013(12), provided that such occupancy is 45 days or less in duration.

(6) RULES.—The department shall have the authority to promulgate rules necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including the definition of terms.
History.—ss. 4, 18, ch. 84-190; ss. 1, 3, ch. 88-285; s. 15, ch. 91-40; s. 3, ch. 91-145; s. 1, ch. 91-222; ss. 4, 5, ch. 91-429; s. 28, ch. 92-173; s. 19, ch. 93-120; s. 33, ch. 93-166; s. 2, ch. 94-284; s. 31, ch. 95-269; s. 1, ch. 95-339; s. 106, ch. 97-101; s. 21, ch. 97-103; s. 57, ch. 97-237; s. 24, ch. 98-151; s. 14, ch. 99-329; s. 41, ch. 2000-153; s. 29, ch. 2000-242; s. 27, ch. 2000-372; s. 19, ch. 2001-53; s. 29, ch. 2001-89; s. 66, ch. 2002-1; s. 37, ch. 2004-350; s. 47, ch. 2006-1; s. 297, ch. 2011-142.
404.061 Licensing of naturally occurring, accelerator-produced, byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials.—
(1) The Governor is authorized to enter into agreements with the Federal Government which provide for discontinuance of certain of the responsibilities of the Federal Government with respect to sources of ionizing radiation and the assumption thereof by this state.
(2) Upon the signing of an agreement as provided in subsection (1), the department shall provide by rule for general or specific licensing of persons to use, manufacture, produce, transport, transfer, receive, acquire, own, or possess naturally occurring, accelerator-produced, byproduct, source, or special nuclear materials or devices, installations, or equipment utilizing such materials. Such rule shall provide for amendment, modification, suspension, denial, or revocation of licenses. Each application for a specific license shall be in writing, on forms prescribed and furnished by the department, and shall state such information, and be accompanied by such documents, including, but not limited to, plans, specifications, and reports for new construction or material alterations, as the department determines to be reasonable and necessary to decide the qualifications of the applicant and to protect the public health and safety. The department may make or cause to be made such inspections and investigations, and require the submission of such written statements, as it deems necessary. The department may require all applications or statements to be made under oath or affirmation. Each license shall be in such form and contain such terms and conditions as the department deems necessary. The terms and conditions of all licenses shall be subject to amendment, revision, or modification by rules or orders issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
(3)(a) Each license shall be valid only for the persons to whom it is issued and shall not be subject to sale, assignment, or other transfer, voluntary or involuntary; and a license shall not be valid for any premises or authorize any possession or use other than that for which it was originally issued.
(b) An application for a new license is required when:
1. A majority of the ownership or controlling interest of a license has been transferred or assigned; and
2. A lessee has agreed to undertake or provide services to the extent that the legal liability for the possession or use of sources of radiation rests with the lessee.
(4) Nothing in this chapter authorizes any regulatory or licensing activities which are regulated by the Federal Government unless the Federal Government delegates appropriate authority for such activities to this state.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 6, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 3, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.061.
404.0614 Licensing of commercial low-level radioactive waste management facilities.—
(1) Any person desiring to construct, operate, or close a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility in this state shall file an application with the department for a commercial low-level radioactive waste management license. An application for a commercial low-level radioactive waste management license shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(a) Location and ownership of the proposed site;
(b) A description of the chemical and physical properties of low-level radioactive waste to be treated, stored, or disposed of at the proposed facility;
(c) The estimated annual volume of low-level radioactive waste to be treated, stored, or disposed of at the proposed facility;
(d) Description of human occupancy within a 3-mile radius of the proposed site location;
(e) Site-specific information regarding the ecological, meteorological, topographical, hydrological, geological, and seismological characteristics of the proposed site;
(f) Usage of ground and surface waters in the general area surrounding the proposed site location;
(g) Design plans to assure that radioactive exposure to humans and the environment is within those limits established by federal and state laws and rules;
(h) Radiation safety procedures for the handling and disposal of low-level radioactive waste;
(i) Transportation routes that would be used by transporters of low-level radioactive waste;
(j) A financial statement showing the applicant’s ability to construct or operate a facility and complete the closure and postclosure observation and maintenance duties required by applicable federal and state laws and rules and to provide sufficient funds to any required perpetual care trust fund for the maintenance, monitoring, and surveillance of a facility, to be used after postclosure observation and maintenance have been completed;
(k) An applicant’s binding financial plan for carrying out facility closure and postclosure observation and maintenance;
(l) An applicant’s binding financial plan, or arrangement between the applicant and the site owner, that ensures sufficient funds will be available to provide for maintenance, monitoring, and surveillance of a facility, to be used after closure and postclosure observation and maintenance have been completed; and
(m) Any additional information required by the department.
(2) The department, within 90 days of receiving an application for a license to construct, operate, or close a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility, shall forward a copy of the application to the Department of Environmental Protection and, after review by both departments, notify the applicant of any errors or omissions and request any additional information needed by the Department of Environmental Protection to issue a report to the Department of Health as required by subsection (3) and needed by the Department of Health to review the license application.
(3) The department, after receiving a complete license application, shall notify the Department of Environmental Protection that a complete license application to construct, operate, or close a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility has been received, shall send a copy of the complete application to the Department of Environmental Protection, and shall request a report from the Department of Environmental Protection describing the ecological, meteorological, topographical, hydrological, geological, and seismological characteristics of the proposed site. Such report shall be completed no later than 180 days from the date the department requests the report. The Department of Environmental Protection shall be reimbursed for the cost of the report from fees collected by the Department of Health pursuant to subsection (8).
(4) Using reference guidelines provided by the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Commission pursuant to Article IV of the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, the department shall establish the necessary criteria and procedures for evaluating a proposed site location for a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility. In addition, the department shall also develop the necessary criteria and procedures for evaluating the following:
(a) A proposed facility design for a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility;
(b) A proposed financial plan for carrying out facility closure and postclosure observation and maintenance; and
(c) A proposed financial plan, or arrangement between an applicant and a site owner, of a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility that provides for the maintenance, monitoring, and surveillance of such facility, to be used after closure and postclosure observation and maintenance have been completed.
(5) The department shall consider the report by the Department of Environmental Protection in addition to information required by the Department of Health in the license application and, within 180 days from receiving that report, decide whether to grant a license to construct, operate, or close the commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility. Such a license shall be subject to renewal by the department as specified in the terms of the license initially granted by the department. The failure of the department to renew a license does not relieve the licensee of any obligations incurred under this section.
(6) At least two public hearings shall be held by the department in the community nearest the proposed site of a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility to gain public input regarding the construction, operation, or closure of such facility and to use that input in considering whether to grant a license. The first public hearing shall be held by the department no sooner than 30 days and no later than 45 days after the department notifies the governing body of each municipality or county within 3 miles of the proposed facility and the municipality and county in which the proposed facility is located that a complete license application has been received. The first public hearing shall be held in the area of the local government having jurisdiction over the proposed site. The second public hearing shall be held by the department after it receives the Department of Environmental Protection report as required in subsection (3).
(7) If an application for a commercial low-level radioactive waste license results from the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Commission designating this state as a host state, pursuant to Article IV of the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, the department shall have legal standing to intervene on behalf of the State of Florida and may seek modification of, or exemption from, host state designation by the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Commission.
(8) The department shall charge and collect reasonable fees from applicants for commercial low-level radioactive waste management licenses. Such fees shall be no greater than the estimated costs to the department of reviewing and taking final action on a license application and the estimated costs to the Department of Environmental Protection of issuing a report as required in subsection (3). The department may base the amount of such fees upon the size and type of commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility an applicant wishes to construct, operate, or close.
History.—ss. 19, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 453, ch. 94-356; s. 58, ch. 97-237.
404.0617 Siting of commercial low-level radioactive waste management facilities.—
(1) The department, within 30 days of receipt of a complete application for a commercial low-level radioactive waste management license, shall notify the governing body of each municipality or county within 3 miles of the proposed facility and the municipality and county in which the proposed facility is located that a complete license application has been received and shall publish notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the area of the proposed facility that a complete license application has been received.
(2) Upon notification of receipt of a complete license application by the department as required by subsection (1), the municipality or county having jurisdiction over the proposed site shall, within 90 days of such notification, determine whether or not the proposed site is consistent and in compliance with adopted local government comprehensive plans, local land use ordinances, local zoning ordinances or regulations, and other local ordinances in effect at the time a complete license application is made.
(3) If the municipality or county fails to make a determination pursuant to subsection (2) within 90 days of department notification of receipt of a complete license application or determines within 90 days of such notification that a proposed facility does not comply with such plans, ordinances, or regulations, the applicant may request the Governor and Cabinet to grant a variance from such plans, ordinances, or regulations.
(4) The Governor and Cabinet shall consider the following when determining whether to grant a petition for a variance from local ordinances, regulations, or plans:
(a) Any interstate contractual obligations to create the commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility;
(b) Such studies, reports, and information as the Governor and Cabinet may request of the department addressing the effect a proposed facility would have on the groundwater, surface water, land, and air; the feasibility of alternative methods of storage, treatment, or disposal of the low-level radioactive waste to be handled at the proposed facility; the need for the commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility based on the amount of low-level radioactive waste being generated in this state; the availability of possible suitable locations for the commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility elsewhere in this state; and the economics of transporting the low-level radioactive waste to be disposed of, stored, or treated at the proposed facility to alternative existing facilities in or out of this state;
(c) Any additional information from the department deemed necessary by the Governor and Cabinet to determine whether to grant a petition for a variance from local ordinances, regulations, or plans; and
(d) Such studies, reports, and information as the Governor and Cabinet may request of the Department of Commerce addressing whether or not the proposed facility unreasonably interferes with the achievement of the goals and objectives of any adopted state or local comprehensive plan and any other matter within its jurisdiction.
(5) The Governor and Cabinet may attach conditions and restrictions to any variance granted pursuant to this section.
History.—ss. 20, 22, ch. 82-186; s. 44, ch. 83-55; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 298, ch. 2011-142; s. 135, ch. 2024-6.
404.071 Inspection, agreements, and training programs.—
(1) Authorized representatives of the department have the authority to enter upon any public or private property at all reasonable times for the purpose of determining compliance with or violation of the provisions of this chapter, the rules and standards adopted hereunder, and the terms and conditions of a license or registration.
(2) The Governor may enter into agreements with the Federal Government, other states, or interstate agencies whereby this state will perform, on a cooperative basis with the Federal Government, other states, or interstate agencies, inspections, emergency responses to radiation accidents, and other functions related to the control of radiation.
(3) The department is authorized to institute training programs for the purpose of qualifying personnel to carry out the provisions of this chapter and may make such personnel available for participation in any program or programs of the Federal Government, other states, or interstate agencies in furtherance of the purpose of this chapter. Educational programs for the purpose of training or educating persons who possess, use, handle, transport, or service radioactive materials or radiation machines must be approved by the department.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 7, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 5, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.072.
404.081 Records.—
(1) The department is authorized to require each person who possesses or uses a source of ionizing radiation to:
(a) Maintain appropriate records relating to its receipt, storage, use, transfer, generation, treatment, or disposal and maintain such other records as the department may require, subject to such exemptions as may be provided by rule, and to use existing data reporting systems when possible.
(b) Maintain appropriate records showing the radiation exposure of all individuals for whom personnel monitoring may be required by the department, subject to such exemptions as may be provided by rule.

Copies of all records required to be kept by this subsection shall be submitted to the department or its duly authorized agents upon request.

(2) The department is authorized to require that any person possessing or using a source of ionizing radiation, at the request of any employee for whom personnel monitoring is required, furnish to such employee a copy of such employee’s personnel exposure record annually, upon termination of employment, and at any time such employee has received excessive exposure.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 8, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.081.
404.091 Emergency orders.—Whenever the department finds that an emergency exists which requires immediate action to protect the public health and safety or the environment, the department may, without notice or hearing, issue an order stating the existence of such emergency and requiring that such action be taken as is necessary to meet the emergency. Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter, such order shall be effective immediately. Any person to whom such order is directed shall comply therewith immediately and, on application to the department, shall be afforded a hearing within 10 days. On the basis of such hearing, the emergency order may be continued, modified, or revoked within 30 days after such hearing, as the department deems appropriate under the evidence.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 9, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 6, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.091.
404.101 Impounding of sources of radiation.—
(1) The department shall have the authority, in the event of an emergency, to impound or order the impounding of sources of ionizing radiation and the associated shielding in the possession of any person who is not equipped to observe, or who fails to observe, the provisions of this chapter, the rules promulgated hereunder, or any term or condition of a license or registration.
(2) The department may release such sources of ionizing radiation and the associated shielding to the owner thereof upon terms and conditions in accordance with the provisions of this chapter or may bring an action in the appropriate circuit court for an order directing the disposal of such sources of ionizing radiation and the associated shielding or other disposition so as to protect the public health and safety and the environment. The costs of decontamination, transportation, burial, disposal, or other disposition shall be borne by the owner, licensee, or other responsible party as determined by the department.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 10, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 7, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.101.
404.111 Surety requirements.—
(1)(a) In addition to the fee provided in s. 404.131(2), the department may require a person possessing a specific license to post a bond. The department shall establish, by rule, bonding criteria. In establishing such bonding criteria, the department shall consider:
1. The chemical and physical form of the licensed radioactive material.
2. The quantity of radioactive material authorized.
3. The particular radioisotopes authorized and their subsequent radiotoxicity.
4. The method in which the radioactive material is possessed, used, stored, processed, transferred, or disposed of.
5. The potential cost of decontamination, treatment, or disposal of a licensee’s equipment and facilities.
(b) A person who possesses a specific license to commercially treat, store, or dispose of low-level radioactive waste shall be required to post a bond.
(c) A bond deemed acceptable in this state shall be a bond issued by a fidelity or surety company authorized to do business in this state or a cash bond.
(d) The department is authorized to exempt, by rule, any category of licensees from the requirement of paragraph (a) when a determination is made that such exemption will not result in a significant risk to the public health and safety or the environment and will not pose a financial risk to the state.
(e) All state and local government agencies are exempt from this subsection.
(2) In lieu of posting a bond as required under subsection (1), a licensee may:
(a) Deposit with the Chief Financial Officer securities of the type eligible for deposit by insurers under s. 625.52, which securities must have at all times a market value of not less than the amount of the bond required under subsection (1).
(b) Whenever the market value of the securities deposited with the Chief Financial Officer is less than 95 percent of the amount required by the department, the licensee shall deposit additional securities or otherwise increase the deposit to the amount required.
(c) The state is responsible for the safekeeping of all securities deposited with the Chief Financial Officer under this section. Such securities are not, on account of being in this state, subject to taxation but shall be held exclusively and solely to guarantee the faithful performance by the licensee of its obligations.
(d) The depositing licensee shall have the right to exchange or substitute other securities of like quality and value for securities so on deposit, to receive the interest and other income accruing to such securities, and to inspect the deposit at all reasonable times.
(e) Such deposit shall be maintained unimpaired so long as the licensee continues in business in this state. Whenever the licensee ceases to do business in this state and furnishes the department satisfactory proof that it has discharged or otherwise adequately provided for all its obligations in this state, the Chief Financial Officer shall release the deposit securities to the parties entitled thereto, on the receipt of authorization from the department.
(3) A specific licensee who has posted a bond or deposited securities with the department, and has forfeited the same due to abandonment, default, insolvency, or other liability of the licensee to meet the requirements of the department or applicable state statutes or rules, shall have such bonds or securities deposited in the Radiation Protection Trust Fund.
(4) Nothing in this section or s. 404.122 may be deemed to relieve any licensee of any civil or criminal liability incurred; nor may anything contained in this section or s. 404.122 be construed to relieve the licensee from his or her obligation to pay to prevent or mitigate the consequences of abandonment of radioactive materials, default on lawful obligations, insolvency, or other inability to meet the requirements of the department.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 11, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 8, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 184, ch. 91-108; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 19, ch. 96-418; s. 1013, ch. 97-103; s. 432, ch. 2003-261.
Note.—Former s. 290.111.
404.121 Perpetual care trust funds.—
(1) The department may require a licensee to deposit funds quarterly into a trust fund known as the Perpetual Care Trust Fund when it is deemed that there is a reasonable possibility that the licensed facility may eventually cease to operate although still containing, or having associated with the facility property, licensable radioactive material, including low-level radioactive waste, which will require maintenance, monitoring, surveillance, or other care on a continuing and perpetual basis.
(2) The department shall require a person possessing a commercial low-level radioactive waste management license to deposit in a trust fund, quarterly, funds sufficient to provide for maintenance, monitoring, and surveillance of a facility, to be used after the person possessing such license completes the closure and postclosure observation and maintenance duties required by applicable federal and state laws and rules.
(3) In order to provide for the proper care and surveillance of facilities subject to subsections (1) and (2), the state may acquire, by gift or transfer from another government agency or private person, any and all lands, buildings, and grounds necessary to fulfill the purposes of this section. Any such gift or transfer is subject to approval and acceptance by the state.
(4) The department may, by lease or license with any person, provide for the operation of a site or facility subject to this section for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this chapter. Any lessee or licensee operating under the provisions of this subsection shall be subject to the provisions of this section.
(5) The funds required by subsections (1) and (2) shall be established at such rate that interest on the sum of all funds reasonably anticipated as payable shall provide an annual amount equal to the anticipated reasonable costs necessary to maintain, monitor, and otherwise supervise and care for the lands and facilities as required in the interest of public health and safety. The department shall adopt and promulgate rules for the length of time and the amount of funds required to implement a program of maintenance, monitoring, and surveillance of a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility, to be used after the operator completes the closure and postclosure observation and maintenance duties required by applicable federal and state laws and rules. In arriving at the rate of funds to be deposited, the department shall consider the nature of the radioactive material, including low-level radioactive waste, size and type of facility, estimated future receipts, and estimated future expenses of maintenance, monitoring, and supervision.
(6) Recognizing the uncertainty of the existence of a person or corporation in perpetuity, and that ultimate responsibility to protect the public health and safety must be reposed in a solvent government, without regard to the existence of any particular agency or department thereof, all lands, buildings, and grounds acquired by the state under subsection (3) shall be owned in fee simple absolute by the state and dedicated in perpetuity to the purposes stated in subsection (3). All radioactive material, including low-level radioactive waste, received at such facility and located therein at time of acquisition of ownership by the state becomes the property of the state.
(7) In the event a person licensed by any governmental agency other than this state desires to transfer a facility to the state for the purpose of administering or providing perpetual care, a lump-sum deposit shall be made to a trust fund. The amount of such deposit shall be determined by the department, taking into consideration the factors stated in subsection (5).
(8) All state and local government agencies are exempt from this section.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 12, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 8, 9, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.121.
404.122 Radiation Protection Trust Fund.—
(1) The department may use the Radiation Protection Trust Fund to pay for measures to prevent or mitigate the adverse effects from a licensee’s abandonment of radioactive materials, default on lawful obligations, insolvency, or other inability to meet the requirements of the department or applicable state statutes or rules and to assure the protection of the public health and safety and the environment from the adverse effects of ionizing radiation.
(2) The department may provide by contract, agreement, lease, or license with any person for the decontamination, closure, decommissioning, reclamation, surveillance, or other care of a site or facility subject to this section, as needed to carry out the purpose of this section.
(3) The existence of the Radiation Protection Trust Fund does not make the department liable for the costs of decontamination, transfer, transportation, reclamation, surveillance, or disposal of radioactive material arising from a licensee’s abandonment of radioactive material, default on lawful obligations, insolvency, or inability to meet the requirements of the department.
History.—ss. 8, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 18, ch. 96-418.
404.131 Fees.—
(1) The department is authorized to charge and collect reasonable fees for specific and general licenses and for the registration of radiation machines. The fees shall not exceed the estimated costs to the department of performing licensing, registration, inspection, and other regulatory duties. Unless otherwise provided by law, such fees shall be deposited to the credit of the Radiation Protection Trust Fund, to be held and applied solely for salaries and expenses of the department incurred in implementing and enforcing the provisions of this chapter.
(2) The department shall require that each person who possesses a specific license to use, manufacture, produce, transport, transfer, receive, acquire, own, or possess radioactive material annually pay to the department an additional 5 percent of his or her annual licensing and inspection fee for the purposes of s. 404.122. All fees collected as specified in this subsection shall be deposited in the Radiation Protection Trust Fund. These fees are not refundable.
(3)(a) The department is authorized to charge and collect reasonable fees from department licensees and nuclear power plant licensees of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission who ship low-level radioactive waste to commercial low-level radioactive waste management facilities. Such fees shall be levied according to the cubic foot amount of low-level radioactive waste shipped quarterly by each department licensee and nuclear power plant licensee of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and shall be set by the department to provide an amount no greater than the costs to the department of surveying the external radiation levels of a vehicle carrying low-level radioactive waste, inspection of the package bracing of a vehicle carrying low-level radioactive waste, verification of required marking and placarding of a vehicle carrying low-level radioactive waste, examination of required shipping papers, routing of low-level radioactive waste shipments to their final destinations, and ensuring compliance with the provisions of the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact. Fees shall be $1.25 per cubic foot for the first year and shall be determined by department rule for succeeding years.
(b) All moneys collected by the department shall be deposited in the Radiation Protection Trust Fund.
(4)(a) The department is authorized to charge and collect reasonable fees in an amount no greater than the costs to the department of issuing a permit to a person to transport low-level radioactive waste into or through the borders of the state which is destined to a commercial low-level radioactive waste management facility.
(b) All moneys collected by the department shall be deposited in the Radiation Protection Trust Fund.
(5)(a) The department is authorized to collect reasonable fees from industries extracting solid minerals as defined in s. 211.30(1), licensees, and nuclear power plants to meet the actual costs of surveillance activities performed for the purpose of monitoring the radiological environmental impact of activities conducted by such solid mineral extraction industries, licensees, and nuclear power plants.
(b) All moneys collected by the department shall be deposited into the Radiation Protection Trust Fund and used for environmental surveillance activities.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 80-187; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 13, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 8, 10, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 58, ch. 85-81; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 21, ch. 93-120; s. 20, ch. 96-418; s. 1014, ch. 97-103; s. 59, ch. 97-237.
Note.—Former s. 290.131.
404.141 Prohibited uses.—It is unlawful for any person to use, manufacture, produce, transport, transfer, receive, acquire, own, or possess any source of radiation unless licensed, registered, or exempted by the department in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and the rules adopted and promulgated hereunder.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 14, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.141.
404.161 Penalties.—
(1) Any person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter or any rule promulgated hereunder is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(2) Any person who interferes with, hinders, or opposes any agent, officer, or member of the department in the discharge of his or her duties under this chapter is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(3) Any person who fails to comply with a lawful order issued pursuant to this chapter within the time fixed by the department or the time allowed for review under s. 404.163, whichever is longer, is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(4) Any person who is not an official of another state and who violates any of the provisions of the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact is guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 16, 22, ch. 82-186; s. 66, ch. 83-218; ss. 12, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 22, ch. 97-103.
Note.—Former s. 290.161.
404.162 Administrative penalties; emergency orders.—
(1)(a) The department may modify, deny, suspend, or revoke a license or a registration, or impose an administrative fine not to exceed $1,000 per violation per day, for the violation of any provision of this chapter, rule promulgated hereunder, or term or condition of any license or registration issued by the department.
(b) In determining the amount of fine to be levied for a violation, as provided in paragraph (a), the following factors shall be considered:
1. The severity of the violation and the extent to which the provisions of this chapter, the rules promulgated hereunder, or any terms or conditions of any license or registration were violated.
2. Actions taken by the licensee or registrant to correct the violation.
3. Any previous violations by the licensee or registrant.
(c) All amounts collected pursuant to this section shall be deposited in the Radiation Protection Trust Fund.
(2) The department may issue an emergency order immediately suspending or revoking a license or a registration when it determines that any condition related to the license or registration presents a clear and present danger to public health or safety or the environment.
History.—ss. 17, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 13, 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
404.163 Injunctive relief.—Notwithstanding the existence or pursuit of any other remedy, the department may maintain an action in the name of the state for injunction or other process to enforce any provision of this chapter, rule promulgated hereunder, or term or condition of a license or registration issued by the department.
History.—ss. 13, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
404.166 County or municipal regulation prohibited.—Notwithstanding any special law or general law of local application to the contrary, a municipality or county may not elect to regulate the possession, use, or transportation of sources of radiation.
History.—ss. 14, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
404.171 Construction.—This chapter is cumulative and is intended to supplement existing laws, and no part shall be construed to repeal any existing law, specifically enacted for the protection of public health and safety, with the exception of those sections included in this chapter.
History.—s. 1, ch. 78-373; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 18, 22, ch. 82-186; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.
Note.—Former s. 290.171.
404.20 Transportation of radioactive materials.—
(1) The department shall adopt reasonable rules governing the transportation of radioactive materials which, in the judgment of the department, will promote the public health, safety, or welfare and protect the environment.
(a) Such rules shall be limited to provisions for the packing, marking, loading, and handling of radioactive materials, and the precautions necessary to determine whether the material when offered is in proper condition for transport, and shall include criteria for departmental approval of routes in this state which are to be used for the transportation of radioactive materials as defined in 49 C.F.R. s. 173.403(l)(1), (2), and (3) and (n)(4)(i), (ii), and (iii), and all radioactive materials shipments destined for treatment, storage, or disposal facilities as defined in the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact. The department may designate routes in the state to be used for the transportation of all other shipments of radioactive materials.
(b) Such rules shall be compatible with, but no less restrictive than, those established by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the United States Federal Aviation Administration, the United States Department of Transportation, the United States Coast Guard, or the United States Postal Service.
(2)(a) Rules adopted by the department pursuant to subsection (1) may be enforced, within their respective jurisdictions, by any authorized representative of the department, the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, and the Department of Transportation.
(b) The department, through any authorized representative, is authorized to inspect any records of persons engaged in the transportation of radioactive materials when such records reasonably relate to the method or contents of packing, marking, loading, handling, or shipping of radioactive materials.
(c) The department, through any authorized representative, is authorized to enter upon and inspect the premises or vehicles of any person engaged in the transportation of radioactive materials, with or without a warrant, for the purpose of determining compliance with the provisions of this section and the rules promulgated hereunder.
(3)(a) All persons licensed by the department to use, manufacture, produce, transfer, transport, receive, acquire, own, process, or possess radioactive materials, as well as nuclear power plants licensed by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which desire to ship radioactive materials to a treatment, storage, or disposal facility as defined in the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact shall notify the department no less than 48 hours before the time of shipment.
(b) Upon notification from a department licensee or nuclear power plant licensee of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the department shall send an authorized representative to inspect each cargo of radioactive materials ready for shipment to a treatment, storage, or disposal facility as defined in the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact. Such inspection shall include, but not be limited to, the survey of the external radiation levels from the vehicle, inspection of package bracing, verification of required marking and placarding of the vehicle, and examination of shipping papers for completeness as required by the United States Department of Transportation in 49 C.F.R. part 172 and as required by the department.
(c) Such shipping papers shall contain information as required by 49 C.F.R. part 172 in addition to the expected time of shipment, the proposed route on which the shipment will proceed, and the time the shipment is scheduled to arrive at its final destination. The shipping papers shall be signed and approved by the department representative.
(4) A person who collects radioactive materials for transport from more than one department licensee or nuclear power plant licensee of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall prepare a special shipping paper reflecting consolidated shipments. A special shipping paper shall be a listing or index of all department licensees and nuclear power plant licensees of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission which are to be served. A special shipping paper shall include the time at which a transporter expects to arrive at each pickup point, a proposed route, and an expected time of arrival at a treatment, storage, or disposal facility. A special shipping paper shall be approved by a department representative at the initial pickup by the transporter of radioactive materials and checked by a department representative at succeeding pickup points.
(5) A department licensee or nuclear power plant licensee of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall, within 72 hours of receiving notice of the arrival of its shipment at a destination for unloading, notify the department of such arrival. Such licensee shall also forward to the department, within 2 weeks of receiving notice of the arrival of its shipment at a destination for unloading, records of receipt and any other records indicating that a shipment is in violation of applicable rules at a treatment, storage, or disposal facility.
(6) Any person desiring to transport radioactive materials into or through the borders of this state, destined to a treatment, storage, or disposal facility as defined in the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, shall obtain a permit from the department to bring such materials into the state. A permit application shall contain the time at which such radioactive materials will enter the state; a description of the radioactive materials to be shipped; the proposed route over which such radioactive materials will be transported into the state; and, in the event that such radioactive materials will leave the state, the time at which that will occur.
(7) Upon a finding by the department that any provision of this section, or of the rules adopted hereunder, is being violated, it may issue an order requiring correction.
(8) The violation of any of the provisions of this section or the rules promulgated hereunder constitutes a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
History.—ss. 1, 2, 3, 4, ch. 71-271; s. 97, ch. 77-147; s. 25, ch. 82-186; ss. 15, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 71, ch. 91-221; s. 76, ch. 91-224; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 60, ch. 97-237; s. 49, ch. 99-397; s. 47, ch. 2004-5.
Note.—Former s. 381.512.
404.22 Radiation machines and components; inspection.—
(1) The department and its duly authorized agents may inspect in a lawful manner at all reasonable hours any hospital or other health care facility or other place in the state in which a radiation machine is installed for the purpose of determining whether the facility, the radiation machine and its components, the film and film processing equipment, the techniques and procedures, any mechanical holding devices, the warning labels and signs, the written safety procedures, and the resultant image produced meet the standards of the department as set forth in this chapter and rules adopted pursuant to this chapter. Such rules may include standards for radiation machine performance, surveys, calibrations, and spot checks; requirements for quality assurance programs and quality control programs; standards for facility electrical systems, safety alarms, radiation-monitoring equipment, and dosimetry systems; requirements for visual and aural communication with patients; procedures for establishing radiation safety committees for a facility; and qualifications of persons who cause a radiation machine to be used, who operate a radiation machine, and who ensure that a radiation machine complies with the requirements of this chapter and with rules of the department. If, in the opinion of the department, a radiation machine that fails to meet such standards can be made to meet the standards through an adjustment or limitation upon the stations or range of the radiation machine or through the purchase of a component meeting the standards, the department shall order the owner of the radiation machine to make the necessary adjustment or to purchase the necessary component within 90 days after the date or receipt of the order. However, if the radiation machine cannot be made to meet the standards, the department shall order the owner to cease the use of the radiation machine.
(2) Any person who enters the state with a radiation machine or component owned by him or her for the purpose of installing and utilizing the radiation machine shall register the radiation machine with the department. The department shall inspect the radiation machine to determine its compliance with the standards and shall approve or disapprove the radiation machine or shall order adjustments to the radiation machine in accordance with the provisions of subsection (1). Each person who installs or offers to install or service radiation machines must register with the department and must apply to the department, on forms furnished by the department, before furnishing or offering to furnish any such service.
(3) No person shall sell or offer to sell in this state any radiation machine or component thereof which does not meet the standards of the department or which cannot be adjusted to meet such standards in accordance with the provisions of subsection (1).
(4) The department shall enforce the provisions of this section and may impose an administrative fine, in addition to all other fines and penalties imposed by law, in an amount of $1,000 for each violation of this section.
(5)(a) The department may charge and collect reasonable fees annually for the registration and inspection of radiation machines pursuant to this section. Such fees shall include the registration fee provided in s. 404.131 and shall be deposited into the Radiation Protection Trust Fund. Registration shall be on an annual basis. Registration shall consist of having the registrant file, on forms prescribed and furnished by the department, information which includes, but is not limited to: type and number of radiation machines, location of radiation machines, and changes in ownership. The department shall establish by rule a fee schedule based upon the actual costs incurred by the department in carrying out its registration and inspection responsibilities, including the salaries, expenses, and equipment of inspectors, but excluding costs of supervision and program administration. The fee schedule shall reflect differences in the frequency and complexity of inspections necessary to ensure that the radiation machines are functioning in accordance with the applicable standards developed pursuant to this chapter and rules adopted pursuant hereto.
(b) The fee schedule and frequency of inspections shall be determined as follows:
1. Radiation machines which are used in the practice of medicine, chiropractic medicine, osteopathic medicine, or naturopathic medicine shall be inspected at least once every 2 years, but not more than annually, for an annual fee which is not less than $83 or more than $145 for the first radiation machine within an office or facility and not less than $36 or more than $85 for each additional radiation machine therein.
2. Radiation machines which are used in the practice of veterinary medicine shall be inspected at least once every 3 years for an annual fee which is not less than $28 or more than $50 for the first radiation machine within an office or facility and not less than $19 or more than $34 for each additional radiation machine therein.
3. Radiation machines which are used for educational or industrial purposes shall be inspected at least once every 3 years for an annual fee which is not less than $26 or more than $47 for the first radiation machine within an office or facility and not less than $12 or more than $23 for each additional radiation machine therein.
4. Radiation machines which are used in the practice of dentistry or podiatric medicine shall be inspected at least once every 5 years but not more often than once every 4 years for an annual fee which is not less than $16 or more than $31 for the first radiation machine within an office or facility and not less than $5 or more than $11 for each additional radiation machine therein.
5. Radiation machines which accelerate particles and are used in the healing arts shall be inspected at least annually for an annual fee which is not less than $153 or more than $258 for the first radiation machine within an office or facility and not less than $87 or more than $148 for each additional radiation machine therein.
6. Radiation machines which accelerate particles and are used for educational or industrial purposes shall be inspected at least once every 2 years for an annual fee which is not less than $46 or more than $81 for the first radiation machine within an office or facility and not less than $26 or more than $48 for each additional radiation machine therein.
7. If a radiation machine fails to meet the applicable standards upon initial inspection, the department may reinspect the radiation machine and charge a reinspection fee in accordance with the same schedule of fees as in subparagraphs 1.-6.
(6)(a) For purposes of this subsection, “mammography” means radiography of the breast for the purpose of enabling a physician to determine the presence, size, location, and extent of cancerous or potentially cancerous tissue in the breast.
(b) All radiation machines used for mammography shall meet the accreditation criteria of the American College of Radiology or similar criteria established by the department.
(c) All radiation machines used for mammography shall be specifically designed to perform mammography.
(d) All radiation machines used for mammography shall be used exclusively to perform mammography.

The department shall adopt rules to implement the provisions of this subsection.

(7) Radiation machines that are used to intentionally expose a human being to the useful beam:
(a) Must be maintained and operated according to manufacturer standards or nationally recognized consensus standards accepted by the department;
(b) Must be operated at the lowest exposure that will achieve the intended purpose of the exposure; and
(c) May not be modified in a manner that causes the original parts to operate in a way that differs from the original manufacturer’s design specification or the parameters approved for the machine and its components by the United States Food and Drug Administration.
(8) A human being may be exposed to the useful beam of a radiation machine only under the following conditions:
(a) For the purpose of medical or health care, if a licensed health care practitioner operating within the scope of his or her practice has determined that the exposure provides a medical or health benefit greater than the health risks posed by the exposure and the health care practitioner uses the results of the exposure in the medical or health care of the exposed individual; or
(b) For the purpose of providing security for facilities or other venues, if the exposure is determined to provide a life safety benefit to the individual exposed which is greater than the health risk posed by the exposure. Such determination must be made by an individual trained in evaluating and calculating comparative mortality and morbidity risks according to standards set by the department. To be valid, the calculation and method of making the determination must be submitted to and accepted by the department. Limits to annual total exposure for security purposes must be adopted by department rule based on nationally recognized limits or relevant consensus standards.
History.—s. 1, ch. 80-187; s. 2, ch. 81-133; s. 40, ch. 83-218; ss. 16, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 1, ch. 91-76; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 23, ch. 97-103; s. 61, ch. 97-237; s. 25, ch. 98-151; s. 184, ch. 98-166; s. 30, ch. 2000-242; s. 1, ch. 2000-326; s. 7, ch. 2020-133.
Note.—Former s. 381.507.
404.30 Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Compact; party state.—The Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Compact is enacted into law and entered into by the state as a party and is in full force and effect between the state and any other states joining therein in accordance with the terms of the compact, which is substantially as follows:

ARTICLE I

POLICY AND PURPOSE.—

(1) There is hereby created the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Compact. The party states recognize and declare that each state is responsible for providing for the availability of capacity either within or outside the state for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste generated within its borders, except for waste generated as a result of defense activities of the Federal Government or federal research and development activities. They also recognize that the management of low-level radioactive waste is handled most efficiently on a regional basis. The party states further recognize that the Congress of the United States, by enacting the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act, 94 Stat. 3347, has provided for and encouraged the development of low-level radioactive waste compacts as a tool for disposal of such waste. The party states recognize that the safe and efficient management of low-level radioactive waste generated within the region requires that sufficient capacity to dispose of such waste be properly provided.

(2) It is the policy of the party states to:

(a) Enter into a regional low-level radioactive waste management compact for the purpose of providing the instrument and framework for a cooperative effort;

(b) Provide sufficient facilities for the proper management of low-level radioactive waste generated in the region;

(c) Promote the health and safety of the region;

(d) Limit the number of facilities required to effectively and efficiently manage low-level radioactive waste generated in the region;

(e) Encourage the reduction of the amounts of low-level radioactive waste generated in the region;

(f) Distribute the costs, benefits, and obligations of successful low-level radioactive waste management equitably among the party states; and

(g) Ensure the ecological and economical management of low-level radioactive waste.

(3) Implicit in the congressional consent to this compact is the expectation by the Congress and the party states that the appropriate federal agencies will actively assist the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Commission and the individual party states to this compact by:

(a) Expeditious enforcement of federal rules, regulations, and laws;

(b) Imposing sanctions against those found to be in violation of federal rules, regulations, and laws;

(c) Timely inspection of their licensees to determine their capability to adhere to such rules, regulations, and laws; and

(d) Timely provision of technical assistance to this compact in carrying out their obligations under the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act, as amended.

ARTICLE II

DEFINITIONS.—As used in this compact, unless the context clearly requires a different construction, the term:

(1) “Commission” or “compact commission” means the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Commission.

(2) “Facility” means a parcel of land, together with the structures, equipment, and improvements thereon or appurtenant thereto, which is used or is being developed for the treatment, storage, or disposal of low-level radioactive waste.

(3) “Generator” means any person who produces or possesses low-level radioactive waste in the course of or as an incident to manufacturing, power generation, processing, medical diagnosis and treatment, research, or other industrial or commercial activity. This term does not include persons who provide a service to generators by arranging for the collection, transportation, storage, or disposal of waste with respect to such waste generated outside the region.

(4) “High-level waste” means irradiated reactor fuel, liquid waste from reprocessing irradiated reactor fuel, solids into which such liquid wastes have been converted, and other high-level radioactive waste as defined by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

(5) “Host state” means any state in which a regional facility is situated or is being developed.

(6) “Low-level radioactive waste” or “waste” means radioactive waste not classified as high-level radioactive waste, transuranic waste, spent nuclear fuel, or byproduct material as defined in s. 11(e)(2) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 or as may be further defined by federal law or regulation.

(7) “Party state” means any state which is a signatory party to this compact.

(8) “Person” means any individual, corporation, business enterprise, or other legal entity, either public or private.

(9) “Region” means the collective party states.

(10) “Regional facility” means:

(a) A facility as defined in this section which has been designated, authorized, accepted, or approved by the commission to receive waste; or

(b) The disposal facility in Barnwell County, South Carolina, owned by the State of South Carolina and as licensed for the burial of low-level radioactive waste on July 1, 1982; but in no event shall this disposal facility serve as a regional facility beyond December 31, 1992.

(11) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or any other territorial possession of the United States.

(12) “Transuranic waste” means waste material containing transuranic elements with contamination levels as determined by the regulations of:

(a) The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission; or

(b) Any host state, if it is an agreement state under s. 274 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.

(13) “Waste management” means the storage, treatment, or disposal of waste.

ARTICLE III

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS.—The rights granted to the party states by this compact are additional to the rights enjoyed by sovereign states, and nothing in this compact shall be construed to infringe upon, limit, or abridge those rights.

(1) Subject to any license issued by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or a host state, each party state shall have the right to have all wastes generated within its borders stored, treated, or disposed of, as applicable, at regional facilities and additionally shall have the right of access to facilities made available to the region through agreements entered into by the commission pursuant to article IV(5)(i). The right of access by a generator within a party state to any regional facility is limited by its adherence to applicable state and federal rules, regulations, and laws.

(2) If no operating regional facility is located within the borders of a party state and the waste generated within its borders must therefore be stored, treated, or disposed of at a regional facility in another party state, the party state without such facilities may be required by the host state or states to establish a mechanism which provides compensation for access to the regional facility according to terms and conditions established by the host state or states and approved by a two-thirds vote of the commission.

(3) Each party state must establish the capability to regulate, license, and ensure the maintenance and extended care of any facility within its borders. Host states are responsible for the availability, the subsequent postclosure observation and maintenance, and the extended institutional control of their regional facilities in accordance with the provisions of article V(2).

(4) Each party state must establish the capability to enforce any applicable federal or state rules, regulations, and laws pertaining to the packaging and transportation of waste generated within or passing through its borders.

(5) Each party state must provide to the commission annually any data and information necessary to the implementation of the responsibilities of the commission. Each party state shall establish the capability to obtain any data and information necessary to meet this obligation.

(6) Each party state must, to the extent authorized by federal law, require generators within its borders to use the best available waste management technologies and practices to minimize the volume of wastes requiring disposal.

ARTICLE IV

THE COMMISSION.—

(1) There is hereby created the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Commission (the “commission” or “compact commission”). The commission shall consist of two voting members from each party state to be appointed according to the laws of each state. The appointing authorities of each state must notify the commission in writing of the identity of its members and any alternates. An alternate may act on behalf of the member only in the member’s absence.

(2) Each commission member is entitled to one vote. No action of the commission shall be binding unless a majority of the total membership votes in the affirmative, or unless a greater than majority vote is specifically required by any other provision of this compact.

(3) The commission must elect from among its members a presiding officer. The commission shall adopt and publish, in convenient form, bylaws which are consistent with this compact.

(4) The commission must meet at least once a year and shall also meet upon the call of the presiding officer, by petition of a majority of the party states, or upon the call of a host state. All meetings of the commission must be open to the public.

(5) The commission has the following duties and powers:

(a) To receive and approve the application of a nonparty state to become an eligible state in accordance with article VII(2).

(b) To receive and approve the application of an eligible state to become a party state in accordance with article VII(3).

(c) To submit an annual report and other communications to the governors and to the presiding officers of each body of the legislatures of the party states regarding the activities of the commission.

(d) To develop and use procedures for determining, consistent with considerations for public health and safety, the type and number of regional facilities which are presently necessary and which are projected to be necessary to manage waste generated within the region.

(e) To provide the party states with reference guidelines for establishing the criteria and procedures for evaluating alternative locations for emergency or permanent regional facilities.

(f) To develop and adopt, within 1 year after the commission is constituted as provided for in article VII, procedures and criteria for identifying a party state as a host state for a regional facility as determined pursuant to the requirements of this article. In accordance with these procedures and criteria, the commission shall identify a host state for the development of a second regional disposal facility within 3 years after the commission is constituted as provided for in article VII(4) and shall seek to ensure that such facility is licensed and ready to operate as soon as required but in no event later than 1991.

1. In developing criteria, the commission must consider the following:

a. The health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of the party states;

b. The existence of regional facilities within each party state;

c. The minimization of waste transportation;

d. The volume and types of wastes generated within each party state; and

e. The environmental, economic, and ecological impacts on the air, land, and water resources of the party states.

2. The commission shall conduct such hearings; require such reports, studies, evidence, and testimony; and do what is required by its approved procedures in order to identify a party state as a host state for a needed regional facility.

(g) To designate, in accordance with the procedures and criteria developed pursuant to paragraph (f), by a two-thirds vote, a host state for the establishment of a needed regional facility. The commission shall not exercise this authority unless the party states have failed voluntarily to pursue the development of such facility. The commission shall have the authority to revoke the membership of a party state that willfully creates barriers to the siting of a needed regional facility.

(h) To require of and obtain from party states, eligible states seeking to become party states, and nonparty states seeking to become eligible states data and information necessary to the implementation of commission responsibilities.

(i) Notwithstanding any other provision of this compact, to enter into agreements with any person, state, or similar regional body or group of states for the importation of waste into the region and for the right of access to facilities outside the region for waste generated within the region. The authorization to import shall require a two-thirds vote of the commission, including an affirmative vote of both representatives of a host state in which any affected regional facility is located. This shall be done only after an assessment of the capability of the affected facility to handle such waste.

(j) To act or appear on behalf of any party state or states, only upon written request of both members of the commission for each such state, as an intervenor or party in interest before the Congress, a state legislature, any court of law, or any federal, state, or local agency, board, or commission which has jurisdiction over the management of wastes. The authority to act, intervene, or otherwise appear shall be exercised by the commission only after approval by a majority vote of the commission.

(k) To revoke the membership of a party state in accordance with article VII(6).

(6) The commission may establish any advisory committees it deems necessary for the purpose of advising the commission on any matters pertaining to the management of low-level radioactive waste.

(7) The commission may appoint or contract for and compensate a limited staff necessary to carry out its duties and functions. The staff shall serve at the pleasure of the commission irrespective of the civil service, personnel, or other merit laws of any of the party states or of the Federal Government and shall be compensated from funds of the commission. In selecting any staff, the commission shall assure that the staff has adequate experience and formal training to carry out such functions as may be assigned to it by the commission. If the commission has a headquarters, it shall be in a party state.

(8) Funding for the commission shall be provided as follows:

(a) Each eligible state, upon becoming a party state, shall pay $25,000 to the commission which shall be used for costs of the services of the commission.

(b) Each state hosting a regional disposal facility shall annually levy special fees or surcharges on all users of such facility, based upon the volume of waste disposed of at such facility, the total of which:

1. Must be sufficient to cover the annual budget of the commission;

2. Must represent the financial commitments of all party states to the commission; and

3. Must be paid to the commission, provided, however, that each host state collecting such fees or surcharges may retain a portion of the collection sufficient to cover the administrative costs of such collection and that the remainder is sufficient only to cover the approved annual budget of the commission.

(c) The commission must set and approve its first annual budget as soon as practicable after its initial meeting. Host states for disposal facilities must begin imposition of the special fees and surcharges provided for in this section as soon as practicable after becoming party states and must remit to the commission funds resulting from collection of such special fees and surcharges within 60 days of their receipt.

(9) The commission must keep accurate accounts of all receipts and disbursements. An independent certified public accountant shall annually audit all receipts and disbursements of commission funds and submit an audit report to the commission. Such audit report shall be made a part of the annual report of the commission required by paragraph (5)(c).

(10) The commission may accept for any of its purposes and functions any and all donations, grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials, and services, conditional or otherwise, from any state or the United States or any subdivision or agency thereof, any interstate agency, or any institution, person, firm, or corporation and may receive, utilize, and dispose of the same. The nature, amount, and condition, if any, attendant upon any donation or grant accepted pursuant to this subsection, together with the identity of the donor, grantor, or lender, shall be detailed in the annual report of the commission.

(11) The commission is not responsible for any costs associated with:

(a) The creation of any facility;

(b) The operation of any facility;

(c) The stabilization and closure of any facility;

(d) The postclosure observation and maintenance of any facility; or

(e) The extended institutional control after postclosure observation and maintenance of any facility.

(12) As of January 1, 1986, the management of wastes at regional facilities is restricted to wastes generated within the region, and to wastes generated within nonparty states when authorized by the commission pursuant to the provisions of this compact. After January 1, 1986, the commission may prohibit the exportation of waste from the region for the purposes of management.

(13)(a) Except as specifically provided in this compact, nothing in this compact shall be construed to alter the incidence of liability of any kind for any act, omission, or course of conduct or on account of any causal or other relationship. Generators, transporters of wastes, and owners and operators of sites shall be liable for their acts, omissions, conduct, or relationships in accordance with all laws relating thereto.

(b) The commission herein established is a legal entity separate and distinct from the party states, capable of acting in its own behalf, and is liable for its actions. Liabilities of the commission shall not be deemed liabilities of the party states. Members of the commission shall not be personally liable for actions taken by them in their official capacities.

ARTICLE V

DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATION OF FACILITIES.—

(1) Any party state which becomes a host state in which a regional facility is operated shall not be designated by the compact commission as a host state for an additional regional facility until each party state has fulfilled its obligation, as determined by the commission, to have a regional facility operated within its borders.

(2) A host state desiring to close a regional facility located within its borders may do so only after notifying the commission in writing of its intention to do so and the reasons therefor. Such notification shall be given to the commission at least 4 years prior to the intended date of closure. Notwithstanding the 4-year notice requirement provided in this subsection, a host state is not prevented from closing its facility or establishing conditions of facility use and operations as necessary for protection of the health and safety of its citizens. A host state may terminate or limit access to its regional facility if it determines that the Congress has materially altered the conditions of this compact.

(3) Each party state designated as a host state for a regional facility shall take appropriate steps to ensure that an application for a license to construct and operate a facility of the designated type is filed with and issued by the appropriate authority.

(4) No party state shall have any form of arbitrary prohibition on the treatment, storage, or disposal of low-level radioactive waste within its borders.

(5) No party state shall be required to operate a regional facility longer than a 20-year period or to dispose of more than 32,000,000 cubic feet of low-level radioactive waste, whichever first occurs.

ARTICLE VI

OTHER LAWS, RULES, AND REGULATIONS.—

(1) Nothing in this compact shall be construed to:

(a) Abrogate or limit the applicability of any act of Congress or diminish or otherwise impair the jurisdiction of any federal agency expressly conferred thereon by the Congress;

(b) Abrogate or limit the regulatory responsibility and authority of the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission or of an agreement state under s. 274 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 in which state a regional facility is located;

(c) Make inapplicable to any person or circumstance any other law of a party state which is not inconsistent with this compact;

(d) Make unlawful the continued development and operation of any facility already licensed for development or operation on the effective date of this compact, except that any such facility shall comply with articles III, IV, and V and shall be subject to any action lawfully taken pursuant thereto;

(e) Prohibit any storage or treatment of waste by the generator on its own premises;

(f) Affect any judicial or administrative proceeding pending on the effective date of this compact;

(g) Alter the relations between, and the respective internal responsibilities of, the government of a party state and its subdivisions;

(h) Affect the generation, treatment, storage, or disposal of waste generated by the atomic energy defense activities of the secretary of the United States Department of Energy or federal research and development activities as defined in 94 Stat. 3347; and

(i) Affect the rights and powers of any party state and its political subdivisions to regulate and license any facility within its borders or to affect the rights and powers of any party state and its political subdivisions to tax or impose fees on the waste managed at any facility within its borders.

(2) No party state shall pass any law or adopt any rule or regulation which is inconsistent with this compact. To do so may jeopardize the membership status of the party state.

(3) Upon formation of the compact, no law, rule, or regulation of a party state or of any subdivision or instrumentality thereof may be applied so as to restrict or make more inconvenient access to any regional facility by the generators of another party state than for the generators of the state where the facility is situated.

(4) Restrictions of waste management of regional facilities pursuant to article IV(12) shall be enforceable as a matter of state law.

ARTICLE VII

ELIGIBLE PARTIES; WITHDRAWAL, REVOCATION, ENTRY INTO FORCE, TERMINATION.—

(1) This compact shall have as initially eligible parties the States of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

(2) Any state not expressly declared eligible to become a party state to this compact in subsection (1) may petition the commission, once constituted, to be declared eligible. The commission may establish such conditions as it deems necessary and appropriate to be met by a state wishing to become eligible to become a party state to this compact pursuant to the provisions of this article. Upon satisfactorily meeting such conditions and upon the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the commission, including the affirmative vote of both representatives of a host state in which any affected regional facility is located, the petitioning state shall be eligible to become a party state to this compact and may become a party state in the same manner as those states declared eligible in subsection (1).

(3) Each state eligible to become a party state to this compact shall be declared a party state upon enactment of this compact into law by the state and upon payment of the fees required by article IV(8)(a). The commission shall be the sole judge of the qualifications of the party states and of its members and of their compliance with the conditions and requirements of this compact and the laws of the party states relating to the enactment of this compact.

(4)(a) The first three states eligible to become party states to this compact which enact this compact into law and appropriate the fees required by article IV(8)(a) shall immediately, upon the appointment of their commission members, constitute themselves as the Southeast Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Commission, shall cause legislation to be introduced in the Congress which grants the consent of the Congress to this compact, and shall do those things necessary to organize the commission and implement the provisions of this compact.

(b) All succeeding states eligible to become party states to this compact shall be declared party states pursuant to the provisions of subsection (3).

(c) The consent of the Congress shall be required for full implementation of this compact. The provisions of article V(4) shall not become effective until the effective date of the import ban authorized by article IV(12) as approved by the Congress. The Congress may by law withdraw its consent only every 5 years.

(5) No state which holds membership in any other regional compact for the management of low-level radioactive waste may be considered by the commission for status as an eligible state or as a party state.

(6) Any party state which fails to comply with the provisions of this compact or to fulfill the obligations incurred by becoming a party state to this compact may be subject to sanctions by the commission, including suspension of its rights under this compact and revocation of its status as a party state. Any sanction shall be imposed only upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the commission members. The revocation of status as a party state may take effect on the date of the meeting at which the commission approves the resolution imposing such sanction, but in no event shall revocation take effect later than 90 days from the date of such meeting. The rights and obligations incurred by being declared a party state to this compact shall continue until the effective date of the sanction imposed or as provided in the resolution of the commission imposing the sanction. The commission must, as soon as practicable after the meeting at which a resolution revoking status as a party state is approved, provide written notice of the action along with a copy of the resolution to the governors, the presidents of the senates, and the speakers of the houses of representatives of the party states, as well as to the chairs of the appropriate committees of the Congress.

(7) Subject to the provisions of subsection (8), any party state may withdraw from this compact by enacting a law repealing the compact; however, if a regional facility is located within such state, such regional facility shall remain available to the region for 4 years after the date the commission receives notification in writing from the governor of such party state of the rescission of the compact. The commission, upon receipt of such notification, shall, as soon as practicable, provide copies of such notification to the governors, the presidents of the senates, and the speakers of the houses of representatives of the party states, as well as to the chairs of the appropriate committees of the Congress.

(8) The right of a party state to withdraw pursuant to subsection (7) shall terminate 30 days following the commencement of operation of the second host state disposal facility. Thereafter, a party state may withdraw only with the unanimous approval of the commission and with the consent of Congress. For purposes of this section, the low-level radioactive waste disposal facility located in Barnwell County, South Carolina, shall be considered the first host state disposal facility.

(9) This compact may be terminated only by the affirmative action of the Congress or by the rescission of all laws enacting the compact in each party state.

ARTICLE VIII

SEVERABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION.—The provisions of this compact shall be severable; and if any phrase, clause, sentence, or provision of this compact is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be contrary to the constitution of any participating state or to the Constitution of the United States, or the applicability thereof to any other government, agency, person, or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person, or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If any provision of this compact is held contrary to the constitution of any state participating therein, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the state affected as to all severable matters. The provisions of this compact shall be liberally construed to give effect to the purposes thereof.

ARTICLE IX

PENALTIES.—

(1) Each party state, consistent with its own laws, shall prescribe and enforce penalties against any person not an official of another state for violation of any provision of this compact.

(2) Each party state acknowledges that the receipt by a host state of waste packaged or transported in violation of applicable laws, rules, and regulations can result in imposition of sanctions by the host state which may include suspension or revocation of the violator’s right of access to the facility in the host state.

History.—ss. 1, 22, ch. 82-186; s. 67, ch. 83-218; s. 1, ch. 83-235; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; ss. 1, 2, ch. 88-60; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 24, ch. 97-103.
404.31 Florida participation.—The Governor shall appoint two members to the Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Commission from this state and two alternate members, subject to confirmation by the Senate. Initially, one member shall be appointed for a 1-year term and one member for a 2-year term. Thereafter, members shall be appointed for 2-year terms. An alternate member shall not have a term limitation. Vacancies shall be filled in the same manner as original appointments. Members shall be entitled to per diem and travel expenses as provided in s. 112.061 while engaged in the performance of their duties.
History.—ss. 2, 22, ch. 82-186; s. 2, ch. 83-235; ss. 17, 18, ch. 84-190; s. 4, ch. 91-429.