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2024 Florida Statutes

Title XLVII CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CORRECTIONS
Chapter 922
EXECUTION
CHAPTER 922
CHAPTER 922
EXECUTION
922.02 Execution of sentence imposing fine.
922.04 Discharge of prisoner unable to pay fine.
922.051 Imprisonment in county jail, term of 1 year or less.
922.052 Issuance of warrant of execution.
922.06 Stay of execution of death sentence.
922.07 Proceedings when person under sentence of death appears to be insane.
922.08 Proceedings when person under sentence of death appears to be pregnant.
922.095 Pursuit of collateral remedies.
922.10 Execution of death sentence; executioner.
922.105 Execution of death sentence; prohibition against reduction of death sentence as a result of determination that a method of execution is unconstitutional.
922.108 Sentencing orders in capital cases.
922.11 Regulation of execution.
922.111 Transfer to state prison for safekeeping before death warrant issued.
922.12 Return of warrant of execution issued by Governor.
922.14 Sentence of death unexecuted for unjustifiable reasons.
922.15 Return of warrant of execution issued by Supreme Court.
922.02 Execution of sentence imposing fine.—Execution on a sentence imposing a fine may be issued in the same manner as execution on a judgment in a civil action, whether or not the sentence also imposes imprisonment.
History.—s. 263, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(273); s. 7, ch. 22000, 1943; s. 130, ch. 70-339.
922.04 Discharge of prisoner unable to pay fine.—When the court determines on the written application of a prisoner that he or she has been imprisoned for 60 days solely for failure to pay a fine or costs which total not more than $300 and that the prisoner is indigent and unable to pay the fine or costs, the court shall order the prisoner discharged from custody.
History.—s. 265, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(275); s. 1, ch. 29661, 1955; s. 131, ch. 70-339; s. 1549, ch. 97-102.
922.051 Imprisonment in county jail, term of 1 year or less.—When a statute expressly directs that imprisonment be in a state prison, the court may impose a sentence of imprisonment in the county jail if the total of the prisoner’s cumulative sentences is not more than 1 year.
History.—s. 1, ch. 59-72; s. 1, ch. 61-168; s. 1, ch. 67-241; s. 132, ch. 70-339.
922.052 Issuance of warrant of execution.—
(1) When a person is sentenced to death, the clerk of the court shall prepare a certified copy of the record of the conviction and sentence, and the sheriff shall send the record to the Governor and the clerk of the Florida Supreme Court.
(2)(a) The clerk of the Florida Supreme Court shall inform the Governor in writing certifying that a person convicted and sentenced to death, before or after the effective date of the act, has:
1. Completed such person’s direct appeal and initial postconviction proceeding in state court and habeas corpus proceeding and appeal therefrom in federal court; or
2. Allowed the time permitted for filing a habeas corpus petition in federal court to expire.
(b) Within 30 days after receiving the letter of certification from the clerk of the Florida Supreme Court, the Governor shall issue a warrant for execution if the executive clemency process has concluded, directing the warden to execute the sentence within 180 days, at a time designated in the warrant.
(c) If, in the Governor’s sole discretion, the clerk of the Florida Supreme Court has not complied with the provisions of paragraph (a) with respect to any person sentenced to death, the Governor may sign a warrant of execution for such person where the executive clemency process has concluded.
(3) The sentence shall not be executed until the Governor issues a warrant, attaches it to the copy of the record, and transmits it to the warden, directing the warden to execute the sentence at a time designated in the warrant.
(4) If, for any reason, the sentence is not executed during the week designated, the warrant shall remain in full force and effect and the sentence shall be carried out as provided in s. 922.06.
History.—s. 270, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(280); s. 136, ch. 70-339; s. 1, ch. 96-213; s. 1838, ch. 97-102; s. 6, ch. 2000-161; s. 12, ch. 2013-216.
Note.—Former s. 922.09.
922.06 Stay of execution of death sentence.—
(1) The execution of a death sentence may be stayed only by the Governor or incident to an appeal.
(2)(a) If execution of the death sentence is stayed by the Governor, and the Governor subsequently lifts or dissolves the stay, the Governor shall immediately notify the Attorney General that the stay has been lifted or dissolved. Within 10 days after such notification, the Governor must set the new date for execution of the death sentence.
(b) If execution of the death sentence is stayed incident to an appeal, upon certification by the Attorney General that the stay has been lifted or dissolved, within 10 days after such certification, the Governor must set the new date for execution of the death sentence.

When the new date for execution of the death sentence is set by the Governor under this subsection, the Attorney General shall notify the inmate’s counsel of record of the date and time of execution of the death sentence.

History.—s. 267, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(277); s. 133, ch. 70-339; s. 2, ch. 96-213.
922.07 Proceedings when person under sentence of death appears to be insane.—
(1) When the Governor is informed that a person under sentence of death may be insane, the Governor shall stay execution of the sentence and appoint a commission of three psychiatrists to examine the convicted person. The Governor shall notify the psychiatrists in writing that they are to examine the convicted person to determine whether he or she understands the nature and effect of the death penalty and why it is to be imposed upon him or her. The examination of the convicted person shall take place with all three psychiatrists present at the same time. Counsel for the convicted person and the state attorney may be present at the examination. If the convicted person does not have counsel, the court that imposed the sentence shall appoint counsel to represent him or her.
(2) After receiving the report of the commission, if the Governor decides that the convicted person has the mental capacity to understand the nature of the death penalty and the reasons why it was imposed upon him or her, the Governor shall immediately lift the stay and notify the Attorney General of such action. Within 10 days after such notification, the Governor must set the new date for execution of the death sentence. When the new date for execution of the death sentence is set by the Governor under this subsection, the Attorney General shall notify the inmate’s counsel of record of the date and time of execution.
(3) If the Governor decides that the convicted person does not have the mental capacity to understand the nature of the death penalty and why it was imposed on him or her, the Governor shall have the convicted person committed to a Department of Corrections mental health treatment facility.
(4) When a person under sentence of death has been committed to a Department of Corrections mental health treatment facility, he or she shall be kept there until the facility administrator determines that he or she has been restored to sanity. The facility administrator shall notify the Governor of his or her determination, and the Governor shall appoint another commission to proceed as provided in subsection (1).
(5) The Governor shall allow reasonable fees to psychiatrists appointed under the provisions of this section which shall be paid by the state.
History.—s. 268, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(278); s. 134, ch. 70-339; s. 1, ch. 85-193; s. 3, ch. 96-213; s. 1839, ch. 97-102.
922.08 Proceedings when person under sentence of death appears to be pregnant.—
(1) When the Governor is informed that a person under sentence of death may be pregnant, the Governor shall stay execution of the sentence and appoint a qualified physician to examine the convicted person and determine if she is pregnant.
(2) After receiving the report of the physician, if the Governor determines that the convicted person is not pregnant, the Governor shall immediately lift the stay and notify the Attorney General of such action. Within 10 days after such notification, the Governor must set the new date for execution of the death sentence. When the new date for execution of the death sentence is set by the Governor under this subsection, the Attorney General shall notify the inmate’s counsel of record of the date and time of execution.
(3) If the Governor determines that a convicted person whose execution has been stayed because of pregnancy is no longer pregnant, the Governor shall immediately lift the stay and notify the Attorney General of such action. Within 10 days after such notification, the Governor must set the new date for execution of the death sentence. When the new date for execution of the death sentence is set by the Governor under this subsection, the Attorney General shall notify the inmate’s counsel of record of the date and time of execution.
(4) The Governor shall allow a reasonable fee to the physician appointed under the provisions of this section which shall be paid by the state.
History.—s. 269, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(279); s. 135, ch. 70-339; s. 4, ch. 96-213; s. 1840, ch. 97-102.
922.095 Pursuit of collateral remedies.—A person who is convicted and sentenced to death must pursue all possible collateral remedies in state court in accordance with the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure.
History.—s. 7, ch. 96-290; s. 112, ch. 99-3; s. 4, ch. 2000-3; s. 11, ch. 2013-216.
922.10 Execution of death sentence; executioner.—A death sentence shall be executed by electrocution or lethal injection in accordance with s. 922.105. The warden of the state prison shall designate the executioner. The warrant authorizing the execution shall be read to the convicted person immediately before execution.
History.—s. 271, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(281); ss. 19, 22, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 137, ch. 70-339; s. 4, ch. 92-310; s. 1, ch. 94-189; s. 437, ch. 96-406; s. 1, ch. 2000-2; s. 1, ch. 2003-272.
922.105 Execution of death sentence; prohibition against reduction of death sentence as a result of determination that a method of execution is unconstitutional.—
(1) A death sentence shall be executed by lethal injection, unless the person sentenced to death affirmatively elects to be executed by electrocution. The sentence shall be executed under the direction of the Secretary of Corrections or the secretary’s designee.
(2) A person convicted and sentenced to death for a capital crime at any time shall have one opportunity to elect that his or her death sentence be executed by electrocution. The election for death by electrocution is waived unless it is personally made by the person in writing and delivered to the warden of the correctional facility within 30 days after the issuance of mandate pursuant to a decision by the Florida Supreme Court affirming the sentence of death or, if mandate issued before the effective date of this act, the election must be made and delivered to the warden within 30 days after the effective date of this act. If a warrant of execution is pending on the effective date of this act, or if a warrant is issued within 30 days after the effective date of this act, the person sentenced to death who is the subject of the warrant shall have waived election of electrocution as the method of execution unless a written election signed by the person is submitted to the warden of the correctional facility no later than 48 hours after a new date for execution of the death sentence is set by the Governor under s. 922.06.
(3) If electrocution or lethal injection is held to be unconstitutional by the Florida Supreme Court under the State Constitution, or held to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court under the United States Constitution, or if the United States Supreme Court declines to review any judgment holding a method of execution to be unconstitutional under the United States Constitution made by the Florida Supreme Court or the United States Court of Appeals that has jurisdiction over Florida, all persons sentenced to death for a capital crime shall be executed by any constitutional method of execution.
(4) The provisions of the opinion and all points of law decided by the United States Supreme Court in Malloy v. South Carolina, 237 U.S. 180 (1915), finding that the Ex Post Facto Clause of the United States Constitution is not violated by a legislatively enacted change in the method of execution for a sentence of death validly imposed for previously committed capital murders, are adopted by the Legislature as the law of this state.
(5) A change in the method of execution does not increase the punishment or modify the penalty of death for capital murder. Any legislative change to the method of execution for the crime of capital murder does not violate s. 10, Art. I or s. 9, Art. X of the State Constitution.
(6) Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, a person authorized by state law to prescribe medication and designated by the Department of Corrections may prescribe the drug or drugs necessary to compound a lethal injection. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, a person authorized by state law to prepare, compound, or dispense medication and designated by the Department of Corrections may prepare, compound, or dispense a lethal injection. Notwithstanding chapter 401, chapter 458, chapter 459, chapter 464, chapter 465, or any other law to the contrary, for purposes of this section, prescription, preparation, compounding, dispensing, and administration of a lethal injection does not constitute the practice of medicine, nursing, or pharmacy.
(7) The policies and procedures of the Department of Corrections for execution of persons sentenced to death shall be exempt from chapter 120.
(8) Notwithstanding s. 775.082(2), s. 775.15(1), or s. 790.161(4), or any other provision to the contrary, no sentence of death shall be reduced as a result of a determination that a method of execution is declared unconstitutional under the State Constitution or the Constitution of the United States. In any case in which an execution method is declared unconstitutional, the death sentence shall remain in force until the sentence can be lawfully executed by any valid method of execution.
(9) Nothing contained in this chapter is intended to require any physician, nurse, pharmacist, or employee of the Department of Corrections or any other person to assist in any aspect of an execution which is contrary to the person’s moral or ethical beliefs.
History.—s. 1, ch. 98-3; s. 2, ch. 2000-2; s. 2, ch. 2005-110.
922.108 Sentencing orders in capital cases.—The sentence of death must not specify any particular method of execution. The wording or form of the sentencing order shall not be grounds for reversal of any sentence.
History.—s. 18, ch. 2000-3.
922.11 Regulation of execution.—
(1) The warden of the state prison or a deputy designated by him or her shall be present at the execution. The warden shall set the day for execution within the week designated by the Governor in the warrant.
(2) Twelve citizens selected by the warden shall witness the execution. A qualified physician shall be present and announce when death has been inflicted. Counsel for the convicted person and ministers of religion requested by the convicted person may be present. Representatives of news media may be present under rules approved by the Secretary of Corrections. All other persons, except prison officers and correctional officers, shall be excluded during the execution.
(3) The body of the executed person shall be delivered to the medical examiner for an autopsy. After completion of the autopsy, the body shall be prepared for burial and, if requested, released to relatives of the deceased. If a coffin has not been provided by relatives, the body shall be delivered in a plain coffin. If the body is not claimed by relatives, it shall be given to physicians who have requested it for dissection or to be disposed of in the same manner as are bodies of prisoners dying in the state prison.
History.—s. 272, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(282); s. 1, ch. 20520, 1941; s. 1, ch. 59-90; ss. 19, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 138, ch. 70-339; s. 1, ch. 77-189; s. 31, ch. 79-3; s. 11, ch. 95-283; s. 5, ch. 96-213; s. 1841, ch. 97-102; s. 7, ch. 2000-161.
922.111 Transfer to state prison for safekeeping before death warrant issued.—The sheriff shall deliver a person sentenced to death to the state prison to await the death warrant. A circuit judge of the circuit in which a death sentence was imposed may order the convicted person transferred to the state prison before the issuance of a warrant of execution if he or she determines that the transfer is necessary for the safekeeping of the prisoner.
History.—s. 1, ch. 59-215; s. 139, ch. 70-339; s. 1550, ch. 97-102.
922.12 Return of warrant of execution issued by Governor.—After the death sentence has been executed, the warden of the state prison shall send the warrant and a signed statement of the execution to the Secretary of State. The warden shall file an attested copy of the warrant and statement with the clerk of the court that imposed the sentence.
History.—s. 273, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(283); s. 140, ch. 70-339; s. 6, ch. 96-213; s. 8, ch. 2000-161.
922.14 Sentence of death unexecuted for unjustifiable reasons.—If a death sentence is not executed because of unjustified failure of the Governor to issue a warrant, or for any other unjustifiable reason, on application of the Department of Legal Affairs, the Supreme Court shall issue a warrant directing the sentence to be executed during a week designated in the warrant.
History.—s. 275, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(285); ss. 11, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 141, ch. 70-339; s. 1, ch. 70-439.
922.15 Return of warrant of execution issued by Supreme Court.—After the sentence has been executed pursuant to a warrant issued by the Supreme Court, the warden of the state prison shall send the warrant and a signed statement of the execution to the Secretary of State. The warden shall file an attested copy of the warrant and statement with the clerk of the court that imposed the sentence. The warden shall send to the Governor an attested copy of the warrant and statement.
History.—s. 276, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(286); s. 142, ch. 70-339; s. 7, ch. 96-213; s. 9, ch. 2000-161.