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The Florida Senate

2024 Florida Statutes

Title XLVII CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CORRECTIONS
Chapter 985 JUVENILE JUSTICE; INTERSTATE COMPACT ON JUVENILES Entire Chapter
SECTION 433
Disposition hearings in delinquency cases.
F.S. 985.433
985.433 Disposition hearings in delinquency cases.—When a child has been found to have committed a delinquent act, the following procedures shall be applicable to the disposition of the case:
(1) The court shall notify any victim of the offense, if such person is known and within the jurisdiction of the court, of the hearing.
(2) The court shall notify and summon or subpoena, if necessary, the parents, legal custodians, or guardians of the child to attend the disposition hearing if they reside in the state.
(3) The court may receive and consider any other relevant and material evidence, including other written or oral reports or statements, in its effort to determine the appropriate disposition to be made with regard to the child. The court may rely upon such evidence to the extent of its probative value, even though such evidence may not be technically competent in an adjudicatory hearing.
(4) Before the court determines and announces the disposition to be imposed, it shall:
(a) State clearly, using common terminology, the purpose of the hearing and the right of persons present as parties to comment at the appropriate time on the issues before the court.
(b) Discuss with the child his or her compliance with any predisposition plan or other plan imposed since the date of the offense.
(c) Discuss with the child his or her feelings about the offense committed, the harm caused to the victim or others, and what penalty he or she should be required to pay for such transgression.
(d) Give all parties, as well as the victim or a representative of the victim, representatives of the school system, and the law enforcement officers involved in the case who are present at the hearing an opportunity to comment on the issue of disposition and any proposed rehabilitative plan. Parties to the case shall include the parents, legal custodians, or guardians of the child; the child’s counsel; the state attorney; and representatives of the department.
(5) At the time of disposition, the court may make recommendations to the department as to specific treatment approaches to be employed.
(6) The first determination to be made by the court is a determination of the suitability or nonsuitability for adjudication and commitment of the child to the department. This determination shall include consideration of the recommendations of the department, which may include a predisposition report. The predisposition report shall include, whether as part of the child’s multidisciplinary assessment, classification, and placement process components or separately, evaluation of the following criteria:
(a) The seriousness of the offense to the community. If the court determines under chapter 874 that the child was a member of a criminal gang at the time of the commission of the offense, the seriousness of the offense to the community shall be given great weight.
(b) Whether the protection of the community requires adjudication and commitment to the department.
(c) Whether the offense was committed in an aggressive, violent, premeditated, or willful manner.
(d) Whether the offense was against persons or against property, greater weight being given to offenses against persons, especially if personal injury resulted.
(e) The sophistication and maturity of the child.
(f) The record and previous criminal history of the child, including without limitations:
1. Previous contacts with the department, the former Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, the Department of Children and Families, the Department of Corrections, other law enforcement agencies, and courts.
2. Prior periods of probation.
3. Prior adjudications of delinquency.
4. Prior commitments to institutions.
(g) The prospects for adequate protection of the public and the likelihood of reasonable rehabilitation of the child if committed to a community services program or facility.
(h) The child’s educational status, including, but not limited to, the child’s strengths, abilities, and unmet and special educational needs. The report shall identify appropriate educational and career goals for the child. Examples of appropriate goals include:
1. Attainment of a high school diploma or its equivalent.
2. Successful completion of literacy courses.
3. Successful completion of career and technical education courses.
4. Successful attendance and completion of the child’s current grade or recovery of credits of classes the child previously failed, if enrolled in school.
5. Enrollment in an apprenticeship or a similar program.

It is the intent of the Legislature that the criteria set forth in this subsection are general guidelines to be followed at the discretion of the court and not mandatory requirements of procedure. It is not the intent of the Legislature to provide for the appeal of the disposition made under this section.

(7) If the court determines that the child should be adjudicated as having committed a delinquent act and should be committed to the department, such determination shall be in writing or on the record of the hearing. The determination shall include a specific finding of the reasons for the decision to adjudicate and to commit the child to the department, including any determination that the child was a member of a criminal gang.
(a) The department shall recommend to the court the most appropriate placement and treatment plan, specifically identifying the restrictiveness level most appropriate for the child if commitment is recommended. If the court has determined that the child was a member of a criminal gang, that determination shall be given great weight in identifying the most appropriate restrictiveness level for the child. The court shall consider the department’s recommendation in making its commitment decision.
(b) The court shall commit the child to the department at the restrictiveness level identified or may order placement at a different restrictiveness level. The court shall state for the record the reasons that establish by a preponderance of the evidence why the court is disregarding the assessment of the child and the restrictiveness level recommended by the department. Any party may appeal the court’s findings resulting in a modified level of restrictiveness under this paragraph.
(c) The court may also require that the child be placed in a probation program following the child’s discharge from commitment. Community-based sanctions under subsection (8) may be imposed by the court at the disposition hearing or at any time prior to the child’s release from commitment.
(d) Any child adjudicated by the court and committed to the department under a restrictiveness level described in 1s. 985.03(44)(a)-(d) for any offense or attempted offense involving a firearm must be placed on conditional release, as defined in s. 985.03, for a period of 1 year following his or her release from a commitment program. Such term of conditional release shall include electronic monitoring of the child by the department for the initial 6 months following his or her release and at times and under terms and conditions set by the department.
(8) If the court determines not to adjudicate and commit to the department, then the court shall determine what community-based sanctions it will impose in a probation program for the child. Community-based sanctions may include, but are not limited to, participation in substance abuse treatment, a day-treatment probation program, restitution in money or in kind, a curfew, revocation or suspension of the driver license of the child, community service, and appropriate educational programs as determined by the district school board.
(a)1. Where a child is found to have committed an offense that involves the use or possession of a firearm, as defined in s. 790.001, other than a violation of s. 790.22(3), or is found to have committed an offense during the commission of which the child possessed a firearm, and the court has decided not to commit the child to a residential program, the court shall order the child, in addition to any other punishment provided by law, to:
a. Serve a period of detention of 30 days in a secure detention facility, with credit for time served in secure detention prior to disposition.
b. Perform 100 hours of community service or paid work as determined by the department.
c. Be placed on probation for a period of at least 1 year. Such term of probation shall include electronic monitoring of the child by the department at times and under terms and conditions set by the department.
2. In addition to the penalties in subparagraph 1., the court may impose the following restrictions upon the child’s driving privileges:
a. If the child is eligible by reason of age for a driver license or driving privilege, the court may direct the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to revoke or to withhold issuance of the child’s driver license or driving privilege for up to 1 year.
b. If the child’s driver license or driving privilege is under suspension or revocation for any reason, the court may direct the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to extend the period of suspension or revocation by an additional period for up to 1 year.
c. If the child is ineligible by reason of age for a driver license or driving privilege, the court may direct the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to withhold issuance of the minor’s driver license or driving privilege for up to 1 year after the date on which the child would otherwise have become eligible.

For the purposes of this paragraph, community service shall be performed, if possible, in a manner involving a hospital emergency room or other medical environment that deals on a regular basis with trauma patients and gunshot wounds.

(b) A child who has previously had adjudication withheld for any of the following offenses shall not be eligible for a second or subsequent withhold of adjudication if he or she is subsequently found to have committed any of the following offenses, and must be adjudicated delinquent and committed to a residential program:
1. Armed robbery involving a firearm under s. 812.13(2)(a).
2. Armed carjacking under s. 812.133(2)(a) involving the use or possession of a firearm as defined in s. 790.001.
3. Having a firearm while committing a felony under s. 790.07(2).
4. Armed burglary under s. 810.02(2)(b) involving the use or possession of a firearm as defined in s. 790.001.
5. Delinquent in possession of a firearm under s. 790.23(1)(b).
6. An attempt to commit any offense listed in this paragraph under s. 777.04.
(9) After appropriate sanctions for the offense are determined, including any minimum sanctions required by this section, the court shall develop, approve, and order a plan of probation that will contain rules, requirements, conditions, and rehabilitative programs, including the option of a day-treatment probation program, that are designed to encourage responsible and acceptable behavior and to promote both the rehabilitation of the child and the protection of the community.
(10) Any disposition order shall be in writing as prepared by the clerk of court and may thereafter be modified or set aside by the court.
History.—s. 38, ch. 97-238; s. 18, ch. 98-207; s. 131, ch. 99-3; s. 30, ch. 2000-135; s. 40, ch. 2001-64; s. 23, ch. 2001-125; s. 45, ch. 2006-120; s. 32, ch. 2008-238; s. 351, ch. 2014-19; s. 22, ch. 2014-162; s. 12, ch. 2024-130.
1Note.—Section 9, ch. 2024-133, deleted s. 985.03(44)(a) and redesignated paragraphs (b)-(d) as paragraphs (a)-(c).
Note.—Former s. 985.23.